Deck 8: The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

Question 1

Before 1845,steamboats were used more for transportation on the ocean than on internal waterways.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Church attendance and temperance were enforced among early workers at Lowell.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Because they too had suffered discrimination,Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic to blacks.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

By the 1850s,trains traveled an average of forty miles an hour.

Question 5

The "penny press":

A)was a tool of labor unions to highlight the low pay and mistreatment of workers.
B)was named for the low cost of newspapers.
C)had significant influence in eastern cities.
D)enabled the Treasury Department to inexpensively coin more money.
E)was a derisive name for the lower-class newspapers sold on the streets.

Question 6

Chinese immigrants to the United States often did the heavy work of construction.

Question 7

By the 1850s,railroads had begun to receive encouragement from the federal government in the form of:

A)military protection.
B)monetary backing.
C)a ban on further canal construction.
D)advertising.
E)land grants.

Question 8

The American party was based on nativism.

Question 9

The advantage clipper ships had over traditional merchant vessels was their:

A)greater cargo space.
B)speed.
C)ability to sail up rivers.
D)comfort for passengers.
E)durability.

Question 10

The United States had caught up with Britain's textile production by 1815.

Question 11

The Erie Canal did all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)stretch from Albany to Buffalo.
B)dramatically reduce freight rates.
C)inspire more canal construction.
D)increase shipping through the port of New York.
E)bankrupt New York State with its huge cost.

Question 12

Theatergoers in the antebellum period often hurled insults and objects at performers.

Question 13

Most of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century can be attributed to immigration from Ireland.

Question 14

Despite the rapid progress in education and professional activities,women failed to gain a significant foothold in the public sphere.

Question 15

Steamboats:

A)were commercially profitable by the 1790s.
B)generally had at least twelve-foot drafts.
C)brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley.
D)were usually built of steel.
E)soon made railroads obsolete.

Question 16

All of the following were true of the trains in use by the 1850s,EXCEPT that they:

A)were much faster than stagecoaches and steamboats.
B)spurred iron production.
C)reduced transportation costs.
D)encouraged further expansion of farming.
E)could only operate on flat terrain.

Question 17

A market-based economy frequently produces boom-and-bust cycles.

Question 18

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin on a plantation in Georgia.

Question 19

Irish immigrants to the United States tended to join the Republican party.

Question 20

The greatest proportionate influx of immigrants in the history of the United States came in the 1820s.

Question 21

The most popular form of indoor entertainment in the first half of the nineteenth century was:

A)theater.
B)cockfighting.
C)prizefighting.
D)dog fighting.
E)ballet.

Question 22

The major impetus for the huge Irish immigration to the United States after 1845 was:

A)religious freedom in the United States.
B)an abundance of cheap land.
C)high wages in factories.
D)a deadly potato famine.
E)hatred of British rule in Ireland.

Question 23

All of the following encouraged migration to the West,EXCEPT:

A)cheaper prices for federal lands.
B)fertile soil.
C)advances in agricultural technology.
D)easy credit from state banks.
E)construction of numerous frontier forts.

Question 24

Of all the immigrant groups that came to the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century,which was least tolerant of enslaved African Americans?

A)Chinese
B)free blacks
C)Irish
D)Mexicans
E)Germans

Question 25

Antebellum minstrel shows:

A)featured the songs of Stephen Foster.
B)featured black performers made up as whites.
C)were similar to operatic shows.
D)portrayed black characters positively.
E)were embraced by elite and educated audiences.

Question 26

Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon:

A)fear of growing Catholic influence.
B)Irish sympathy for black equality.
C)Irish support for trade unions.
D)jealousy over the fact that so many Irish were well-educated.
E)competition for housing in industrial cities.

Question 27

The cotton gin's invention:

A)meant that fewer slaves were needed.
B)made cotton a major export item.
C)spurred immigration to the South.
D)caused slavery to spread to Ohio and Illinois.
E)increased imports from Britain.

Question 28

The cotton gin:

A)made possible the efficient separation of seeds from fiber.
B)was an engine that manufactured cloth.
C)made the South the wealthiest part of the country.
D)had no significant effect on the North's economy.
E)resulted from a government bounty paid to its inventor.

Question 29

By the 1850s,a communications revolution had been triggered by the development of the:

A)telephone.
B)telegraph.
C)Pony Express.
D)railroad.
E)post office.

Question 30

The textile plant established in Waltham,Massachusetts,in 1813:

A)manufactured finished cloth.
B)was owned by the state government.
C)was destroyed by the British in the War of 1812.
D)closed because of the panic of 1819.
E)manufactured thread,which it then sold to weavers.

Question 31

The cotton gin was invented:

A)by John Deere.
B)by John Oliver.
C)in England.
D)in the 1830s.
E)by Eli Whitney.

Question 32

Minstrel shows:

A)were usually performed in saloons.
B)appealed primarily to elite audiences.
C)featured professional productions of Shakespeare.
D)helped whites become more racially tolerant.
E)employed familiar stereotypes of African Americans.

Question 33

The settlement of the West was accelerated by Cyrus McCormick's invention of the:

A)steel plow.
B)grain elevator.
C)mechanical reaper.
D)chainsaw.
E)tractor.

Question 34

In the antebellum era,prizefights lasted:

A)a set number of rounds.
B)as long as the crowd demanded.
C)until one fighter could not continue.
D)a set number of minutes.
E)until one fighter drew blood on the other.

Question 35

Jefferson's embargo in 1807 and the War of 1812:

A)almost destroyed American manufacturing.
B)had little effect on the growth of textile manufacturing in America.
C)encouraged rapid growth in American manufacturing.
D)restricted exports and thereby hurt the growth of American manufacturing.
E)encouraged Americans to live more simply because consumer goods were scarce.

Question 36

In a stable and structured environment like the one provided by Lowell Mills,what became a major problem by the middle 1830s?

A)criminal behavior of young women
B)retaining good workers
C)atheism
D)labor unrest
E)unwanted pregnancy

Question 37

One striking aspect of the Lowell factories was:

A)the happiness of their workers.
B)their employment of young single women.
C)the superior quality of their products.
D)their minimal impact on natural surroundings.
E)that they paid workers in stocks.

Question 38

Cyrus McCormick's grain reapers:

A)transformed the economy of the South.
B)guaranteed that farmers would be successful.
C)were powered by gasoline engines.
D)were manufactured at his factory in Chicago.
E)had to be assembled by farmers.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true of boxing in the antebellum era?

A)Fighters used bare knuckles.
B)The sport was imported from Britain.
C)Some bouts resulted in fatalities.
D)It was strictly entertainment for the lower classes.
E)Fighters were often from Ireland or England.

Question 40

In antebellum theaters,audiences:

A)quietly watched performances.
B)were an equal mix of men and women.
C)preferred patriotic dramas to comedies.
D)were not capable of judging the quality of the acting.
E)responded vocally to the quality of performances.

Question 41

The Know-Nothing party:

A)was strongest in the 1850s.
B)was weakest in New England.
C)was based on prejudice against blacks.
D)opposed the spread of public education.
E)elected two presidents in its brief history.

Question 42

Discuss the transportation revolution that followed the opening of the Erie Canal.

Question 43

By 1860,one would most likely encounter Norwegian and Swedish immigrants in:

A)New York and New Jersey.
B)Ohio and Pennsylvania.
C)California and Oregon.
D)Wisconsin and Minnesota.
E)Texas and Louisiana.

Question 44

German immigrants in the 1850s:

A)were mostly poor and nonreligious.
B)almost never returned to their native country.
C)tended to come as groups and families.
D)usually spoke English already.
E)were not the target of the nativists.

Question 45

Trade associations,or guilds,formed by artisans in the early 1800s attempted to do all the following,EXCEPT:

A)recruit unskilled workers.
B)improve working conditions.
C)influence politicians to support protective tariffs.
D)uphold standards of quality production.
E)maintain decent wage levels.

Question 46

The Know-Nothings campaigned primarily to:

A)cut taxes.
B)establish public schools.
C)promote Christianity.
D)prohibit drinking.
E)limit immigrant influence.

Question 47

Which of the following was NOT true of early labor organizations?

A)They were not popular among immigrant groups.
B)Women organized their own unions.
C)They grew out of local trade unions.
D)They were primarily for skilled workers.
E)They sometimes formed political organizations to carry their concerns forward.

Question 48

What factors account for the tremendous growth in cotton cultivation from 1790 to 1860?

Question 49

The largest professional occupation for men in the United States by 1860 was:

A)teaching.
B)medicine.
C)the law.
D)nursing
E)engineering

Question 50

In what way did women NOT remain within the home?

A)working in professional occupations
B)teaching in schools
C)organizing community clubs and entertainments
D)working in religious and social service realms
E)playing leadership roles in municipal organizations

Question 51

In terms of political behavior,the Irish:

A)seldom voted.
B)generally supported Democrats.
C)idolized John Quincy Adams.
D)started a new party for immigrants.
E)were easily manipulated into voting against their interests.

Question 52

Physicians in the early 1800s:

A)were required to go to medical school.
B)were closely regulated by the government.
C)were mostly self-taught or apprenticed with an experienced doctor.
D)were experts in modern medical science.
E)provided roughly the same services as nurses.

Question 53

Commonwealth v.Hunt:

A)ruled that it was legal to force members of labor unions to work unpaid overtime.
B)declared that forming a trade union was not illegal.
C)failed to win Supreme Court approval for mandatory union membership.
D)applied to labor organizing on the factory floor.
E)made the sabotage of equipment by striking workers a federal offense.

Question 54

The Germans who came to the United States:

A)were overwhelmingly Catholic.
B)were poor and uneducated.
C)settled mainly in rural areas.
D)were highly individualistic.
E)for religious reasons,did not drink beer.

Question 55

Examine the movement westward that took place in the early nineteenth century,making note of the various pieces of legislation that played a role in the process.

Question 56

In the case of Commonwealth v.Hunt,the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that:

A)immigration quotas established in the late 1830s were constitutional.
B)immigration quotas established in the late 1830s were unconstitutional.
C)forming a trade union was illegal.
D)forming a trade union was not illegal.
E)employers could not hire strikebreakers.

Question 57

Compare the growth of roads,river transportation,and railroads through 1860.What were the advantages and disadvantages of each means of transport?

Question 58

Examine the impact the War of 1812 had on American industrial development.

Question 59

The Know-Nothings proposed to:

A)send immigrants back to Europe.
B)ban the use of all languages except English.
C)lengthen the time required to become a citizen.
D)stop all immigration.
E)build a fence along U.S.borders.

Question 60

The various workingmen's parties wanted:

A)higher taxes for the wealthy.
B)less government oversight.
C)a more radical management philosophy.
D)laws regulating banks.
E)support from management.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Horace Mann

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 62

Discuss the unique role that Catholicism played in the resistance to immigration.

Question 63

Discuss the communication revolution and its impact on advancing the nation.

Question 64

During the first half of the nineteenth century,professionalization increased with the development of education,law,medicine,and engineering.Examine this development.

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Samuel Slater

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Charles Goodyear

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Elias Howe

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Stephen Foster

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 69

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Samuel F.B.Morse

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 70

Trace the impact that industrialization had on the environment.

Question 71

Discuss the various aspects of popular culture in antebellum America.

Question 72

Explain the unique character of American technological development in the first half of the nineteenth century.

Question 73

Describe the Lowell system and both its short-term and long-term effects on American industry.

Question 74

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Cyrus McCormick

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 75

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Robert Fulton

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 76

Trace the development of organized labor in early America.Be sure to include both the early union movement and the development of labor politics.

Question 77

Describe the general immigration trends of the period.What forms did the nativist response to this immigration take?

Question 78

Why is the "age of the so-called common man" or "the age of Jacksonian democracy" an ironic name for this period?

Question 79

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Francis Cabot Lowell

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States

Question 80

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Heinrich Steinweg

A)invented the telegraph
B)invented the sewing machine
C)with Boston Associates,formed the Boston Manufacturing Company
D)wrote "Oh! Susanna"
E)immigrant piano maker
F)invented the primitive grain reaper
G)advocate of free public education
H)patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
I)improved the steamboat
J)used his memory to bring industrial technology from Britain to the United States