Deck 15: The War of the Union, 1861-1865

Question 1

The argument that the Civil War began primarily as a southern fight to defend liberty and the right of self-government is unsatisfactory because:

A)the Union already claimed to be fighting to defend liberty and self-government.
B)southerners never claimed to be concerned with liberty and self-government.
C)the South established a monarchy after secession.
D)the Confederacy envisioned a dictatorship as the ideal government.
E)it ignores slavery,the actual reason that southern leaders used in 1860-1861 to justify secession and war.

Answer 1

it ignores slavery,the actual reason that southern leaders used in 1860-1861 to justify secession and war.

Question 2

The first real battle of the war:

A)was the First Battle of Bull Run.
B)was the Battle of Harpers Ferry.
C)was a victory for the Union forces at Antietam.
D)resulted in the death of General Albert S.Johnston in Atlanta.
E)made both sides think victory would be quick and easy.

Answer 2

was the First Battle of Bull Run.

Question 3

The South had a chance to win the Civil War despite substantial northern advantages because:

A)it immediately attacked Washington,D.C.
B)it mobilized women to fight in the conflict.
C)it was equal to the North in manpower if you count the slaves.
D)the North needed southern markets to maintain its economic advantage.
E)it had the advantage of fighting a defensive war.

Answer 3

it had the advantage of fighting a defensive war.

Question 4

The First Battle of Bull Run was a Union defeat.

Question 5

Every state that had legal slavery seceded.

Question 6

Four states joined the Confederacy after the outbreak of actual fighting.

Question 7

Union forces suffered defeat at Shiloh due to Grant's heavy drinking.

Question 8

Copperheads were members of the extreme fringe of the peace wing of the Democratic party.

Question 9

The Battle of Antietam marked the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

Question 10

In 1862,Congress resorted to printing paper money to address the shortfall in tax revenues.

Question 11

One of the reasons that the First Battle of Bull Run was such a sobering experience for both North and South was that both sides:

A)fled the battlefield before the battle was decided.
B)mutinied against their leaders.
C)tried to surrender after the first exchange of fire.
D)realized they were not willing to fight a long war.
E)underestimated the other's strength and tenacity.

Question 12

All of the following were advantages the North held over the South,EXCEPT:

A)more experienced military leaders.
B)a larger population.
C)industrial development.
D)transportation resources.
E)naval strength.

Question 13

General Grant's strategy was to relentlessly attack the Confederates and keep fighting until they were worn out.

Question 14

The North's victory in the Civil War was guaranteed because the South enjoyed no significant advantages over the Union.

Question 15

Lincoln replaced McClellan as Union commander because McClellan was overly aggressive.

Question 16

All of the following slave states remained in the Union,EXCEPT:

A)Maryland.
B)Kentucky.
C)Tennessee.
D)Delaware.
E)Missouri.

Question 17

At the beginning of the Civil War,the North:

A)generated less farm production than the South.
B)had about the same extent of railroad development as the South.
C)produced almost 60 percent of the nation's manufactures.
D)had an edge of about 4 to 1 in potential manpower.
E)had fewer ships and firearms than the South.

Question 18

What effect did the Union naval blockade of southern ports have on the Confederacy?

A)It did not have much effect since commerce continued mostly unmolested.
B)It quickly choked off southern commercial activity.
C)It inspired dramatic southern economic growth since the South was forced to become self-sufficient.
D)Food prices declined as the economy slowed.
E)It prompted Britain to offer diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.

Question 19

Lincoln stressed repeatedly that the "paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union."

Question 20

For many American women,the Civil War loosened traditional restraints on female activity.

Question 21

Draftees on either side who chose not to serve had the legal option to:

A)hire a substitute.
B)leave the country.
C)volunteer for community service instead.
D)claim insanity.
E)claim to be a pacifist.

Question 22

As the Civil War dragged on,increasing numbers of enslaved blacks in the South:

A)volunteered to help the Confederacy.
B)remained neutral.
C)worked in a variety of ways to undermine and weaken the Confederacy.
D)fled to Canada.
E)enslaved their former masters.

Question 23

Why is the battle at Fort Donelson significant?

A)It was the site of the most important battle in the eastern theater before 1864.
B)It was an important Union fortification on the Great Lakes.
C)It fell to Robert E.Lee in 1863.
D)It was the site of the first major Union victory.
E)When captured,it gave the Union full control of the Mississippi.

Question 24

At the Battle of Chancellorsville:

A)the Union turned back a Confederate invasion.
B)Lee displayed his typical caution.
C)Lee gave Hooker a lesson in the art of "elusive mobility."
D)black troops turned the tide for the Union.
E)General Hooker delivered the big victory that Lincoln had been seeking.

Question 25

All of the following were strategies used to build the armies of the Civil War,EXCEPT:

A)calling for volunteers.
B)implementing a draft.
C)kidnapping recent immigrants.
D)allowing former military personnel to reenlist.
E)using currently enlisted military personnel.

Question 26

All of the following statements about the formation of black army units are true,EXCEPT that:

A)black army units never saw any significant action.
B)the U.S.War Department Bureau of Colored Troops recruited free blacks and freed slaves,80 percent of whom came from southern states.
C)blacks were paid less than their white counterparts.
D)blacks could not be commissioned officers.
E)only after the Emancipation Proclamation did the Union army recruit blacks in large numbers.

Question 27

Much of the Confederacy's diplomatic efforts were aimed at:

A)Britain.
B)Egypt and India.
C)South America.
D)Spain.
E)China.

Question 28

Which of the following statements best describes the Civil War at the end of 1862?

A)Union troops had a definite edge in the East.
B)Union troops had a definite edge in the West.
C)After the decisive victories at Fredericksburg and Antietam,Union officers anticipated a quick end to the war.
D)The war in the East was a virtual deadlock.
E)The recruitment of black troops had given the North a huge advantage.

Question 29

Why did Confederate president Jefferson Davis's greatest challenges come from other southern politicians?

A)They all coveted the office of the presidency.
B)They were not enthusiastic supporters of the war.
C)Their insistence on "states' rights" made it difficult for the Confederate government to exert its authority.
D)They were all Republicans and Whigs.
E)They objected to Davis's efforts to end slavery.

Question 30

Slavery was ultimately eradicated by:

A)the Emancipation Proclamation.
B)Lee's surrender.
C)the Thirteenth Amendment.
D)an act of Congress.
E)divine intervention.

Question 31

Of all the women who served during the war,some 20,000 did so as:

A)soldiers and guerrillas.
B)spies and double agents.
C)cooks and washers.
D)nurses and other health-related volunteers.
E)chaplains and rabbis.

Question 32

All of the following are true about the Battle of Antietam,EXCEPT that:

A)the Confederates were outnumbered more than 2 to 1.
B)it was the bloodiest single day of the war.
C)McClellan vigorously pursued the retreating Lee.
D)Lee hoped a victory would gain the Confederacy foreign recognition.
E)it helped inspire Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 33

Congress did all of the following during the war,EXCEPT:

A)ban foreign immigration.
B)approve a transcontinental railroad.
C)raise tariff rates.
D)pass a Homestead Act.
E)establish state colleges teaching "agriculture and mechanic arts."

Question 34

To deal with disloyalty,Lincoln sometimes:

A)had traitors shot.
B)postponed elections.
C)shut down the press.
D)suspended habeas corpus.
E)declared a temporary dictatorship.

Question 35

The "anaconda strategy":

A)was the name of the South's strategy to choke northern industry.
B)was a strategy of passive resistance among slaves to strangle the southern plantation economy from within.
C)was the name of Britain's strategy to get the two sides to slither to the negotiating table and achieve a lasting peace.
D)was the initial three-pronged Union strategy that included,among other things,a blockade of the southern coast to strangle the South.
E)proposed to use biological warfare against the South developed from the poisonous venom of snakes.

Question 36

Fighting along the Kansas-Missouri border:

A)pitted Indian tribes against each other.
B)featured brutal guerrilla warfare.
C)produced the war's highest casualties.
D)brought Grant to Lincoln's attention.
E)gave Confederates control of the West.

Question 37

All of the following battles resulted in Confederate victories,EXCEPT:

A)Vicksburg.
B)First Bull Run.
C)Second Bull Run.
D)Chancellorsville.
E)Fredericksburg.

Question 38

The Emancipation Proclamation:

A)called for a slave uprising.
B)was justified by Lincoln as a military necessity.
C)hurt U.S.relations with Britain and France.
D)immediately freed every slave.
E)reflected Lincoln's changing views on the morality of slavery.

Question 39

By late in the war,food in the Confederacy:

A)was imported from England.
B)remained plentiful.
C)could not be purchased with paper money.
D)was outrageously expensive.
E)was limited to vegetables.

Question 40

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War?

A)It freed all the slaves,including those in the border states that remained loyal to the Union.
B)It put the momentum squarely on the side of the Confederacy.
C)It prompted the Confederacy to surrender.
D)It caused the remaining border states to leave the Union and join the Confederacy.
E)It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery.

Question 41

More than any other general,William T.Sherman recognized:

A)the connection between the South's economy,its morale,and its ability to wage war.
B)the greatness of the Confederate army.
C)that the South would never unconditionally surrender.
D)the need to march through Georgia with respect for the Confederacy.
E)the need to kill masses of enemy civilians.

Question 42

Trace the Battle of Antietam,and describe its overall significance for the outcome of the Civil War.

Question 43

At Petersburg:

A)the Confederates finally had superior numbers.
B)Grant put the Confederates under siege.
C)the armies fought in a burning forest.
D)Lee received plentiful reinforcements.
E)a victory boosted Confederate morale.

Question 44

At Gettysburg,the Confederate army:

A)was repulsed with terrible losses.
B)broke through the Union center.
C)captured the town of Gettysburg with its valuable supplies.
D)led the Confederate retreat.
E)was sent south to relieve Vicksburg.

Question 45

At the Appomattox Court House:

A)Jefferson Davis was captured.
B)Joseph Johnston led his last attack against Sherman.
C)the last battle of the war took place.
D)Lee surrendered to Grant.
E)the Confederates shifted to guerrilla warfare.

Question 46

What was the military strategy of each side at the start of the Civil War? How and why did it change as the war continued?

Question 47

Discuss how the Civil War was "the most traumatic event in American history."

Question 48

Describe domestic politics during the war,both northern and southern.What problems did Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis face? How did they deal with these problems?

Question 49

Describe the Battle of Bull Run.Why was there a sense of naïve optimism,and what impact did the outcome have on both sides?

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT true of the Civil War?

A)More than 600,000 died.
B)One out of every twelve men served in the war.
C)"Rifled" guns contributed to the killing.
D)American losses were greater than in World War II.
E)Most of the deaths occurred in battle.

Question 51

As Union commander,Grant was best characterized by his:

A)tactical caution.
B)alcoholism.
C)ability to train and inspire troops.
D)belief the war would be won in the West.
E)plan to relentlessly attack.

Question 52

Hood's attack at Franklin:

A)led to his army's slaughter.
B)forced Sherman to abandon Atlanta.
C)made him one of the South's greatest heroes.
D)recaptured key rail lines.
E)restored Tennessee to Confederate control.

Question 53

Why did the South lose the war? What were its weaknesses and disadvantages?

Question 54

List and briefly describe the reasons why the North won the Civil War.What were the North's strengths and advantages?

Question 55

Discuss the issue of conscription.How did the North and the South implement it?

Question 56

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
George Pickett

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 57

Discuss the role that black soldiers played in the Civil War.How widespread was their use,and how were they received by their fellow soldiers?

Question 58

The military death toll in the Civil War was roughly:

A)1 million.
B)140,000.
C)375,000.
D)730,000.
E)2 million.

Question 59

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
David Farragut

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 60

Account for the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation,showing how it was both shrewd military and diplomatic strategy and an effort for humanitarian reform.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Winfield Scott

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 63

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
William T.Sherman

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Thaddeus Stevens

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
George B.McClellan

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Jefferson Davis

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Alexander Stephens

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Andrew Johnson

A)a candidate for the presidency in the 1860 election
B)led the Pottawatomie Massacre
C)elected president of the Confederate States of America
D)died in July 1850
E)caned Charles Sumner
F)the "Little Giant" who succeeded in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed by breaking it into separate proposals
G)argued that Congress needed to protect the right of slave owners to take their "property" into the territories
H)the chief justice for the Dred Scott case
I)the 1848 Free-Soil presidential candidate
J)the president who supported the Compromise of 1850