Deck 16: The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Question 1

Lincoln's successor,Andrew Johnson:

A)was a pro-Union southerner.
B)supported black equality.
C)supported the interests of southern planters.
D)was Lincoln's equal in political skill.
E)tried to repeal the Thirteenth Amendment.

Answer 1

was a pro-Union southerner.

Question 2

The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal experiment in providing assistance directly to people rather than to states.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

President Johnson's plan to restore the Union closely resembled Lincoln's.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Scalawags were generally Republicans native to the South who had opposed secession.

Question 5

Johnson's Reconstruction plan:

A)completely repudiated Lincoln's.
B)would restore the Union fairly quickly.
C)gave the vote to all black men.
D)aimed to keep elite planters in power.
E)would leave the South completely unchanged.

Question 6

Democrats generally favored "sound" or "hard" monetary policies.

Question 7

Waving "the bloody shirt" meant referring to the Civil War and the southern rebellion in order to discredit political opponents.

Question 8

Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction:

A)loyal governments appeared in five states,but Congress refused to recognize them.
B)loyal governments were recognized by Congress in three southern states.
C)10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be black.
D)10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.
E)leading Confederates would be sent to prison.

Question 9

Despite winning the popular vote in 1876,Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

Question 10

Why was Johnson picked as Lincoln's running mate in 1864?

A)They were both lifelong Republicans.
B)They held identical political positions.
C)They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit Southern states into the Union.
D)As a gesture of unity,they combined to create a National Union ticket.
E)Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government.

Question 11

Which of the following was NOT a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A)negotiating labor contracts
B)providing medical care
C)setting up schools
D)arming the freedmen
E)distributing food

Question 12

The Fifteenth Amendment freed the slaves.

Question 13

Congressional Republicans wrote the Wade-Davis Manifesto to:

A)proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln's Reconstruction policies.
B)warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen.
C)protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority.
D)express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union.
E)accuse England of meddling in the Civil War.

Question 14

The most popular religious denomination among blacks in the postwar South was Baptist.

Question 15

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

A)It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region.
B)It left the South's agricultural economy in disarray.
C)It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production.
D)It eliminated racial prejudice in many states.
E)It encouraged reconciliation with the North.

Question 16

Lincoln's assassin,John Wilkes Booth:

A)supported the Radical Republicans.
B)used a high-powered rifle.
C)was never apprehended.
D)shot him during a speech.
E)was a pro-Confederate actor.

Question 17

The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

Question 18

In the Compromise of 1877,Republicans promised to withdraw the last federal troops from the South.

Question 19

After the House of Representatives impeached President Johnson,the Senate failed to convict him by just one vote.

Question 20

The South emerged from the Civil War with a strong,diversified economy.

Question 21

The Military Reconstruction Act:

A)was overturned by the Supreme Court.
B)showed the decline of Radical power.
C)required new state constitutions in the South.
D)removed federal troops from the South.
E)wiped out the "black codes."

Question 22

In late 1865,when the former Confederate states sent a number of ex-Confederates to Congress,the Unionists in Congress:

A)denied them their seats.
B)shunned them socially.
C)gave them only minor committee assignments.
D)sincerely welcomed them.
E)called them traitors.

Question 23

Most carpetbaggers were:

A)corrupt and greedy.
B)illiterate.
C)wealthy business owners.
D)Union veterans.
E)former Confederates.

Question 24

In South Carolina,the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

A)generated unexpected support for Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites.
B)resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government.
C)enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery.
D)helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government.
E)led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature.

Question 25

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he:

A)made a drunken appearance in public.
B)spoke in favor of the "black codes."
C)released Jefferson Davis from prison.
D)vetoed the Civil Rights Act.
E)addressed the Radicals in profane language.

Question 26

The 1866 congressional elections:

A)showed public approval of Johnson's policies.
B)gave Republicans veto-proof majorities.
C)encouraged the South to be even more defiant.
D)were the first in which blacks could vote.
E)reduced the influence of the Radicals.

Question 27

The main issue that caused the dispute between Congress and President Johnson was:

A)Johnson's role in Lincoln's assassination.
B)Johnson's past service as a Confederate soldier.
C)a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy.
D)Congress's insistence that Johnson stole the presidency.
E)the House's impeachment of Johnson.

Question 28

Why did the Radical-led Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A)It was a response to the black codes and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.
B)It was to foster national reconciliation and genuine feelings of patriotism among all Americans.
C)It was part of a plan to ease the requirements on the readmission of southern states to the Union.
D)It enjoyed the support of President Johnson.
E)Southern states requested the bill to clarify the rights of their citizens before rejoining the Union.

Question 29

Ulysses S.Grant:

A)was elected president in 1868,despite the heavy black Democratic vote.
B)brought confidence and honesty to a national government torn by Reconstruction.
C)brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency.
D)pushed for civil service reform throughout his presidency.
E)was nominated by both major parties in the 1868 election.

Question 30

All of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment are true,EXCEPT that:

A)Mississippi,Texas,and Virginia ratified it before being readmitted.
B)it forbade the states to deny any person the vote on grounds of "race,color,or previous condition of servitude."
C)Congress rescinded Georgia's readmission and insisted it ratify the amendment before regaining its readmission.
D)Kentucky did not ratify it.
E)it ended slavery.

Question 31

Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty excluded:

A)everybody with taxable property worth more than $20,000.
B)the freedmen.
C)the small farmers.
D)the British.
E)northern industrialists.

Question 32

The "black codes" enacted by southern legislatures:

A)were accepted by Congress.
B)showed the South's spirit of conciliation.
C)tried to restore white supremacy.
D)proved the success of Johnson's Reconstruction plan.
E)forbade blacks to marry.

Question 33

All of the following is true about the involvement of African Americans in the political arena during Reconstruction,EXCEPT that:

A)their lack of education and inexperience in politics put them at a disadvantage.
B)within a few years of the end of the Civil War,former slaves were voting in large numbers.
C)several African Americans were elected as governors.
D)few African Americans served as judges.
E)in the new state governments,African American participation was a novelty.

Question 34

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when he:

A)named someone to his cabinet that had not been confirmed by the Senate.
B)named his brother to serve as a federal judge.
C)fired his vice president.
D)tried to remove one of his cabinet members without Senate permission.
E)failed to deliver the State of the Union address in 1866.

Question 35

What was the main reason Congress impeached Andrew Johnson?

A)corruption
B)violation of the Tenure of Office Act
C)sexual misconduct
D)tax evasion
E)illegal trafficking in slavery

Question 36

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

A)Slavery became legal once more.
B)The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed.
C)The Democratic party ceased to function.
D)President Johnson was removed from office.
E)Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.

Question 37

Andrew Johnson was:

A)impeached and immediately removed from office.
B)threatened with impeachment but never actually impeached.
C)impeached by the Supreme Court.
D)impeached,then imprisoned.
E)impeached by the House,but not convicted by the Senate.

Question 38

Most scalawags were white southerners who had:

A)owned slaves.
B)served in the Union army.
C)changed their minds about race relations.
D)become educated.
E)opposed secession.

Question 39

During Reconstruction,African Americans:

A)passively awaited developments.
B)attempted to establish schools.
C)normally joined integrated churches.
D)terrorized their former masters.
E)refused to work for wages.

Question 40

Service in the Union army or navy benefitted many freedmen because it:

A)offered training on how to kill former Confederates.
B)instilled a respect for the former Confederacy.
C)opened a secret supply of weapons for planned rebellions.
D)provided training in leadership and alerted them to new opportunities in economic advancement and civic leadership.
E)offered a quicker avenue to true racial equality.

Question 41

The most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction was the:

A)creation of true social equality in the South.
B)eradication of southern black poverty.
C)passage of the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments.
D)redistribution of wealth in the South.
E)eradication of sectional differences.

Question 42

President Grant did not seek a third term in 1876 because:

A)he was restricted by the Constitution to two terms.
B)his wife did not want him to run again.
C)he felt he was too old.
D)in 1875,he acknowledged that many Republicans had lost confidence in his leadership.
E)his alcoholism was revealed to the public.

Question 43

How was the contested election of 1876 decided? Describe the political,racial,and sectional effects of the decision.

Question 44

In response to the Klan,President Grant:

A)did nothing.
B)endorsed their activities.
C)created a special federal police force.
D)ordered the army to crush it.
E)tried to protect black rights.

Question 45

Advocates of "soft-money" or paper currency:

A)tended to be merchants and bankers.
B)saw economic benefits in price inflation.
C)urged the elimination of greenbacks.
D)dominated the Grant administration.
E)wanted to cancel the national debt.

Question 46

The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:

A)national unity.
B)upholding southern honor.
C)starting a new civil war.
D)oppressing blacks and white Republicans.
E)raising money for Confederate widows.

Question 47

The Liberal Republicans:

A)supported Grant.
B)were controlled by Grant.
C)backed Radical Reconstruction.
D)were a faction of southern ex-Whigs.
E)opposed Grant.

Question 48

Describe the development in the North as a result of the Civil War.What effect did the absence of southern members of Congress have on the economic agenda of northern Republicans?

Question 49

Discuss the nature of intransigence in the South after the Civil War.How did this intransigence affect moderate Republicans in Congress?

Question 50

What problems did blacks in the South face after emancipation? What attempts did the government make to solve these problems?

Question 51

The Compromise of 1877:

A)gave the White House to Tilden.
B)ended the North-South division.
C)protected the civil rights of ex-slaves.
D)ended Reconstruction.
E)kept federal troops in the Deep South.

Question 52

What issue did the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agree on during the 1876 campaign?

A)keeping federal troops stationed in the South
B)allowing states the right to secede
C)protecting black civil rights as a top priority
D)relaxing federal authority in the South
E)supporting universal female suffrage

Question 53

By the time President Grant took office,southern resistance to Reconstruction efforts had:

A)dissipated.
B)led to a withdrawal of federal financial support.
C)turned violent.
D)taken on a peaceful approach.
E)renewed the Civil War.

Question 54

Southern Democrats agreed to the Compromise of 1877 because it:

A)gave the Democrats the White House for the first time since before the Civil War.
B)permitted the Democrats to gain control of the Senate.
C)ensured that the last federal troops would be withdrawn from the South.
D)restored slavery.
E)recognized the rights of states to secede.

Question 55

"Hard-money" advocates argued that government war bonds should be:

A)paid off in gold.
B)paid off in copper.
C)paid off in greenbacks.
D)canceled.
E)handed out to Union veterans.

Question 56

What were the major economic issues between 1868 and 1876?

Question 57

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

A)no candidate had an electoral college majority.
B)Hayes led Tilden in popular votes.
C)it was clear that a clean election had occurred.
D)the Democrats immediately conceded defeat.
E)the Supreme Court ordered a new election.

Question 58

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln,Andrew Johnson,and Congress.What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

Question 59

What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Question 60

What happened after the end of Reconstruction?

A)The freedmen remained a powerful force in southern politics.
B)Women filled the power vacuum that Reconstruction had created.
C)The South embarked on a path toward rapid industrial development.
D)The protections of black civil rights crumbled under the pressure of restored white rule and unfavorable Supreme Court decisions.
E)The majority of blacks migrated out of the South.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Horace Greeley

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 62

Explain the Fourteenth Amendment and how it was received throughout the country.

Question 63

Describe the reign of white terror during Reconstruction and how Congress reacted to the violence.

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Pinckney B.S.Pinchback

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Hiram Revels

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Edmund G.Ross

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 67

Discuss the impeachment of President Johnson.What was the basis of the charges,and how did the impeachment end?

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Alexander H.Stephens

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 69

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Charles Sumner

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 70

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Edwin M.Stanton

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 71

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Samuel J.Tilden

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 72

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Andrew Johnson

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 73

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Susan B.Anthony

A)a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in the 1872 presidential election
I)the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar