Deck 3: The Modern Study of Human Genetics

Question 1

In forensic analysis,blood type can be determined from:

A)blood only
B)blood,saliva,and certain other body fluids
C)secretor alleles
D)none of the above

Answer 1

blood,saliva,and certain other body fluids

Question 2

The term polymorphic,when applied to blood,refers to:

A)the presence of proteins in many forms
B)the presence of two alleles
C)the agglutination of red cells forming many small clots
D)the presence of both red and white blood cells

Answer 2

the presence of proteins in many forms

Question 3

Important differences among red blood cells were discovered by:

A)Gregor Mendel
B)Karl Landsteiner
C)James Watson
D)Francis Galton

Answer 3

Karl Landsteiner

Question 4

A substance that stimulates the production or mobilization of antibodies is called a(n):

A)antigen
B)allele
C)agglutination
D)enzyme

Question 5

Proteins whose primary function is to destroy or neutralize foreign substances are called:

A)enzymes
B)antigens
C)antibodies
D)hormones

Question 6

A person whose blood contains the antibodies anti-A and anti-B would be of the blood type:

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 7

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is an inherited:

A)skeletal abnormality
B)blood disorder
C)metabolic abnormality
D)psychiatric disorder

Question 8

Phenylketonuria (PKU)has its highest frequency among:

A)African Americans
B)Ashkenazic Jews
C)people of northern European ancestry
D)Hopi Indians

Question 9

The ABO blood type system has how many major alleles:

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)more than four

Question 10

A woman with B type blood has a child with O type blood.We would conclude that,with respect to the gene for ABO blood type,the mother was:

A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
D)none of the above

Question 11

A woman who is Rh-negative:

A)lacks the antigen Rh₀
B)is homozygous recessive
C)may encounter problems if she carries a fetus who is Rh-positive
D)all of the above

Question 12

Achondroplastic dwarfism in humans is the result of the inheritance of a dominant allele.If a heterozygous dwarf were to marry a person without this condition,the probability of having a dwarf child is:

A)0
B)¼
C)½
D)¾
E)1

Question 13

A mother of known blood type B has a child whose blood turns out to be B.From this it follows that the father could:

A)not have been blood type A
B)not have been blood type B
C)not have been blood type AB
D)not have been blood type O
E)have been of any blood type

Question 14

Erythroblastosis fetalis:

A)is a hemolytic disease
B)can result from an Rh- mother carrying an Rh+ fetus
C)can result from an Rh+ mother carrying an Rh- fetus
D)a and b
E)a and c

Question 15

If a person with AB type blood mates with another person with AB type blood,which type of blood will not appear among their children?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O
E)all types could appear among their children

Question 16

In the ABO blood type system:

A)the allele for A is dominant over the allele for B
B)the allele for B is dominant over the allele for A
C)alleles A and B are codominant
D)the allele for O is dominant over those for A and B

Question 17

The ABO and Rh blood type systems affect each other in that:

A)individuals who are O are always Rh negative
B)individuals who are O are more likely to be Rh negative
C)the genes for the two blood systems are linked
D)none of the above;the two systems are inherited independently

Question 18

In the presence of anti-A,type A red blood cells will undergo:

A)agglutination
B)hydrolysis
C)lysis
D)fusion

Question 19

If a person with type A blood received a transfusion of B type blood,the recipient's blood would experience:

A)heavy agglutination of the donor's cells
B)heavy agglutination of the recipient's cells
C)light agglutination of the donor's cells
D)no agglutination

Question 20

The use of blood types in forensic analysis:

A)is questioned because of the high probability of two individuals matching
B)is based entirely on the ABO and Rh blood type systems
C)often confirms guilt,but not innocence
D)none of the above

Question 21

The Y chromosome:

A)carries no genetic information
B)determines the male sex
C)carries more alleles than X chromosome
D)carries the allele for hemophilia

Question 22

Hemophilia:

A)is X-linked
B)is a defect in the clotting mechanisms of the blood
C)may have played a role in the Russian Revolution
D)all of the above

Question 23

A sex-limited gene is:

A)one that is carried on the Y chromosome
B)one that is carried on the X chromosome
C)one that is carried on either the X or Y chromosome
D)expressed only in the male

Question 24

Hemophilia is an X-linked trait.If a woman who is a carrier marries a normal man,what proportion of their female offspring will be expected to have hemophilia?

A)0
B)¼
C)½
D)¾
E)1 (all)

Question 25

Chromosomal abnormalities:

A)never occur
B)occur only when there is an abnormal number of chromosomes
C)may be the result of breaks in the chromosome
D)are not a significant source of miscarriages

Question 26

Ways of determining the sex of the individual include:

A)phenotypical sex
B)chromosomal sex
C)genetic sex
D)all of the above

Question 27

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A)a feature,such as stature,may be the result of the action of several genes
B)genes may be expressed differently in males and females
C)genes always exist in two forms or alleles
D)it is possible to have inherited a particular allele which is not expressed in the phenotype

Question 28

Structural aberrations of chromosomes include:

A)deletion
B)duplication
C)inversion
D)all of the above

Question 29

Deviations from Mendelian genetics include:

A)polygenic inheritance
B)multiple-allele series
C)pleiotropy
D)all of the above

Question 30

Hemophilia in a male is dependent upon the:

A)genotype of the mother
B)genotype of the father
C)genotype of both parents

Question 31

Achondroplastic dwarfism in humans is inherited as:

A)the result of a dominant allele
B)a lethal recessive
C)an X-linked trait
D)a recessive

Question 32

The Y chromosome:

A)carries the gene that establishes the sex of the individual
B)carries very few genes
C)is found only in genetic males
D)all of the above

Question 33

Mutations result from:

A)certain types of radiation
B)certain types of drugs
C)mistakes in the replication of DNA
D)all of the above

Question 34

A diagram showing a reconstruction of past matings in a family is called a:

A)karyotype
B)pedigree
C)mating tree
D)decision tree

Question 35

Which of the following statements is not true?

A)unless certain chemicals are released at a certain time,a human embryo will be female
B)a person with two X chromosomes is always phenotypically female
C)an XY individual can be phenotypically female
D)phenotypic,chromosomal,and genetic sex do not always agree

Question 36

A common error in meiosis on the chromosomal level is:

A)nondisjunction
B)deletion
C)inversion
D)duplication

Question 37

Nondisjunction:

A)occurs rarely,in 1 out of every 100,000 live births
B)always results in nondevelopment of the zygote
C)only occurs in sex chromosomes
D)none of the above

Question 38

A Y-linked trait is passed down from father to:

A)all of his sons but none of his daughters
B)none of his sons but all of his daughters
C)half of his sons but none of his daughters
D)all of his sons and half of his daughters

Question 39

Hemophilia is due to the presence of an allele on:

A)the X chromosome
B)the Y chromosome
C)an autosome
D)none of the above

Question 40

The gene that determines male sex is known as:

A)Sry
B)Andro
C)Bly
D)Gen

Question 41

XXX individuals are said to have:

A)Patau syndrome
B)Edward syndrome
C)Down's syndrome
D)none of the above

Question 42

An abnormal fetus can sometimes be detected by means of:

A)blood typing
B)pedigree analysis
C)amniocentesis
D)dermatoglyphics

Question 43

A person with Klinefelter's syndrome:

A)is phenotypically male
B)is sterile
C)has a small penis
D)all of the above

Question 44

XYY individuals are said to have:

A)Klinefelter's syndrome
B)Turner's syndrome
C)Jacob's syndrome
D)none of the above

Question 45

Regulatory genes:

A)initiate or block the activity of other genes
B)were originally thought by Mendel to be responsible for violet-colored flowers in the pea plant
C)"cut" DNA at specific sites
D)all of the above

Question 46

A person is phenotypically male only if that individual has:

A)an XY chromosome combination
B)one X chromosome
C)at least one Y chromosome
D)a number of Y chromosomes which outnumber or equal the number of X chromosomes

Question 47

The regulation of the expression of a gene:

A)is strictly a matter of genetic control
B)is strictly a matter of environmental control
C)always involves both genetic and environmental controls
D)might be genetic or environmental

Question 48

Persons with Turner's syndrome:

A)are phenotypically male
B)have a shield-shaped chest
C)are taller than the average
D)all of the above

Question 49

Amniocentesis is a technique for determining:

A)if the fetus has one of many chromosomal and genetic defects
B)if the parents are carriers
C)the blood type of a fetus
D)all of the above

Question 50

One form of Down syndrome is due to a(n):

A)extra X chromosome
B)extra autosome
C)extra haploid set of chromosomes
D)simple gene mutation

Question 51

Ashkenazi Jews:

A)are the only population to carry the allele for Tay-Sachs disease
B)have a high carrier rate for Tay-Sachs disease
C)have the lowest carrier rate for Tay-Sachs disease
D)may have a high carrier rate for Tay-Sachs disease,but also possess a regulator gene that prevents the disease from expressing itself

Question 52

Male phenotype,sterility,small penis,breast enlargement in 40 percent of the cases,and average IQ scores characterize the individual with a sex chromosome count of:

A)XXY
B)XYY
C)XXX
D)X

Question 53

The relative distance between individual genes on a chromosome is measured in units called:

A)genometers
B)centiMorgans
C)micromillimeters
D)nanometers

Question 54

A person:

A)with one X and one Y chromosome could be phenotypically female
B)with two X chromosomes could be phenotypically male under certain conditions
C)with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome is phenotypically male
D)all of the above

Question 55

Which of the following statements about cloning is not true?

A)whole organisms can be cloned
B)clones are exact duplicates of the donor
C)the first mammal has already been cloned
D)cloning can be used to insert human genes into nonhuman animals

Question 56

Cloning is the process of producing ____________ which have the same genetic constitution.

A)genes
B)cells
C)whole organisms
D)all of the above

Question 57

A gene is:

A)synonymous with a codon
B)a segment of the DNA molecule recognizable by its specific function
C)made up of no more than three nucleotide units
D)all of the above

Question 58

XYY individuals:

A)never show abnormal symptoms
B)are sterile and below average in stature
C)are taller than average
D)are phenotypically female

Question 59

The probability of a couple who are both carriers for Tay-Sachs disease having a child with Tay-Sachs is:

A)½
B)¼
C)⅛
D)3/16

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true about trisomy?

A)it is a result of nondisjunction
B)it is characterized by the presence of three chromosomes instead of a pair
C)Down syndrome is an example of trisomy
D)all of the above

Question 61

Which of the following statements is not true about the Human Genome Project:

A)the project is an attempt to determine the base pair sequence for all human genes
B)a complete human genome map would lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases
C)there is some concern that the project is not taking into account human diversity
D)the project will not be completed for another fifty years

Question 62

The function of a gene could be:

A)the coding of a particular protein
B)controlling the activity of other genes
C)determining a person's personality
D)a and b

Question 63

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-plasma

A)liquid portion of blood
B)a red pigment
C)white blood cell
D)cell fragment
E)red blood cell

Question 64

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-erythrocyte

A)liquid portion of blood
B)a red pigment
C)white blood cell
D)cell fragment
E)red blood cell

Question 65

There are processes that turn some genes off (silence them)and turn other genes on without actually changing the nucleotide sequence of each gene.These are called______processes.

A)supragenetic
B)supergenetic
C)epigenetic
D)novagenetic

Question 66

Matching Questions
match the error of cell division with its definition:

-nondisjunction

A)section of a chromosome is lost due to breakage
B)section of a chromosome is repeated
C)section of a chromosome breaks and is reunited in a reverse order
D)a chromosome pair fails to separate

Question 67

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-platelet

A)liquid portion of blood
B)a red pigment
C)white blood cell
D)cell fragment
E)red blood cell

Question 68

Matching Questions
match the sex chromosome count with the correct phenotype sex:

-XXX

A)male
B)female

Question 69

GINA is:

A)an acronym for the phrase Genes In a Normal Adult
B)an acronym for the phrase Genetic Information Non discrimination Act
C)the name of a girl for which an act of congress was named
D)a nickname for the human genome project

Question 70

Matching Questions
match the sex chromosome count with the correct phenotype sex:

-X-

A)male
B)female

Question 71

Matching Questions
match the error of cell division with its definition:

-deletion

A)section of a chromosome is lost due to breakage
B)section of a chromosome is repeated
C)section of a chromosome breaks and is reunited in a reverse order
D)a chromosome pair fails to separate

Question 72

It is estimated that the entire human genome contains:

A)three billion base pairs
B)300,000 base pairs
C)three million base pairs
D)30 million base pairs

Question 73

The first director of the Human Genome Project was:

A)Luca Cavalli-Sforza
B)Peter Grant
C)James Watson
D)Francis Crick

Question 74

Matching Questions
match the sex chromosome count with the correct phenotype sex:

-XXY

A)male
B)female

Question 75

GINA:

A)protects Americans against discrimination based on genetic information
B)allows insurance companies to exclude people from coverage if they carry certain alleles
C)allows insurance companies to raise premiums on people who carry certain alleles
D)allows employers to refuse to hire a person who has a know higher probability of expressing a genetic disease than the average person in the population.

Question 76

Matching Questions
match the sex chromosome count with the correct phenotype sex:

-XYY

A)male
B)female

Question 77

Matching Questions
match the error of cell division with its definition:

-inversion

A)section of a chromosome is lost due to breakage
B)section of a chromosome is repeated
C)section of a chromosome breaks and is reunited in a reverse order
D)a chromosome pair fails to separate

Question 78

A new discipline dedicated to the analysis of genetic information and the practical use of that information is:

A)bioinformatics
B)bioethics
C)genomology
D)genome analysis

Question 79

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-leukocyte

A)liquid portion of blood
B)a red pigment
C)white blood cell
D)cell fragment
E)red blood cell

Question 80

Matching Questions
match the error of cell division with its definition:

-duplication

A)section of a chromosome is lost due to breakage
B)section of a chromosome is repeated
C)section of a chromosome breaks and is reunited in a reverse order
D)a chromosome pair fails to separate