Deck 6: Peoples Place in Nature

Question 1

The taxa between class and family is:

A)species
B)genus
C)order
D)phylum

Answer 1

order

Question 2

Humans belong to the species:

A)Homo
B)Sapiens
C)Homo sapiens

Answer 2

Homo sapiens

Question 3

An archetype can be considered to be:

A)a reproductive population
B)the class of animals to which a specific species belongs
C)the divine plan for a particular animal
D)the reconstructed common ancestor of a group of organisms

Answer 3

the divine plan for a particular animal

Question 4

Today,more than _________ species have been described.

A)500,000
B)1½ million
C)3 million
D)4½ million

Question 5

Which of the following groups contains the largest number of animals?

A)arthropods
B)mammals
C)fish
D)reptiles

Question 6

The first person to categorize human beings in the same order ("primates")as apes and monkeys was:

A)Carolus Linnaeus,1758
B)Charles Darwin,1859
C)James Watson and Francis Crick,1953
D)human beings are not categorized as primates

Question 7

If a newly discovered monkey population was named Cercopithecus albigena,it would be most closely related to:

A)Cercocebus albigena
B)Cercopithecus hamlyni
C)Cercocebus torquatus
D)Parapithecus albigena

Question 8

Taxonomy is the study of:

A)evolutionary relationships among organisms
B)the history of animal classification
C)comparative anatomy
D)classification

Question 9

Linnaeus saw a species as:

A)variable and changing
B)unchanging and distinct
C)based on a divine blueprint
D)b and c

Question 10

Phylogeny is the:

A)study of fossil pollen
B)growth and development of an individual
C)interaction of several genes
D)evolutionary history of species

Question 11

Early classification schemes were based upon the divine unit of creation known as the:

A)prototype
B)category
C)kindred
D)archetype

Question 12

An example of a taxon would be a(n):

A)archetype
B)order
C)binomen
D)clade

Question 13

The binomen includes the:

A)family and order
B)genus and species
C)genus and family
D)order and class

Question 14

In the name Presbytis entellus,Presbytis is the name of the:

A)species
B)family
C)subspecies
D)genus

Question 15

The form of the modern system of biological classification is based upon the work of:

A)Alfred Russell Wallace
B)Charles Darwin
C)Carolus Linnaeus
D)Charles Lyell

Question 16

Which taxonomic group contains the greatest number of organisms?

A)class
B)order
C)genus
D)family

Question 17

The basic unit of classification in Linnaeus's scheme is the:

A)kingdom
B)family
C)genus
D)species

Question 18

A system of ordering data is called a(n):

A)arrangement
B)taxonomy
C)classification
D)nomenclature

Question 19

The higher taxa include all of the following except:

A)genus
B)family
C)order
D)class

Question 20

An example of a binomen is:

A)mountain gorilla
B)Homo
C)Theropithecus gelada
D)Vertebrata

Question 21

Structures that have evolved from a common ancestry are called:

A)homologies
B)analogies
C)phylogenies
D)ontogenies

Question 22

A graphic representation of the evolutionary relationships among species or other taxa is a:

A)spectrogram
B)phylogram
C)cladogram
D)kandigram

Question 23

The term clade refers to:

A)a set of species descended from a particular ancestral species
B)a group of species that share many convergences
C)a species found in many different habitats
D)a species that has remained unchanged for at least a million years

Question 24

Multicellular organisms that derive their nutrients by consuming other organisms and that can respond quickly to changes in their environment belong to the kingdom:

A)Monera
B)Protista
C)Planti
D)Animalia

Question 25

Cladistics is an approach to classification based upon:

A)the reconstruction of archetypes
B)assigning a numerical value to similarities
C)an analysis of reproductive isolation
D)an analysis of recently and distantly evolved features

Question 26

The domain Eukaryota consists of organisms characterized by:

A)cells with distinct nuclei
B)internal skeleton and jaws
C)terrestrial life styles
D)ability to make food from air and water

Question 27

Features that first appeared in the distant past and are shared by a large number of populations are called:

A)autapomorphic features
B)shared (synapomorphic)derived features
C)shared (symplesiomorphiC)ancestral features
D)archetypes

Question 28

Which of the following is true about whales?

A)whales evolved from water-dwelling carnivores such as seals and walruses
B)fossils whales exhibit pelvic and leg structures
C)whales are more closely related to the bony fish than to land mammals
D)fossil whales have yet to be discovered

Question 29

Which of the following is not a member of the eukaryote domain?

A)oak tree
B)tree frog
C)bacteria
D)mushrooms

Question 30

There are many similarities in the bones of the forelimb in vertebrates (including humans,dogs,and birds).They would be referred to as being:

A)homologous
B)homoplastic
C)archetypical
D)convergent

Question 31

Whales are most closely related to:

A)elephants
B)primates
C)rodents
D)hoofed mammals

Question 32

Which of the following taxa is not a kingdom?

A)Animalia
B)Chordata
C)Planti
D)Fungi

Question 33

Homoplastic similarities can evolve as the result of:

A)parallelism or convergence
B)inheritance from a common ancestor
C)transformation
D)cladistics

Question 34

When comparing a North American wolf and a whale,the fact that they both have a placenta would be considered a(n):

A)autapomorphic feature
B)shared derived feature
C)shared ancestral feature
D)shared archetypical feature

Question 35

Modern biological classifications are based upon:

A)archetypes
B)habitats
C)evolutionary relationships
D)none of the above

Question 36

A bird's wing and a bat's wing are said to be:

A)homologous structures
B)convergent structures
C)archetypical structures
D)cladograms

Question 37

Many Australian marsupials closely resemble placental mammals.This is called:

A)parallel evolution
B)homologous evolution
C)convergent evolution
D)archetypical evolution

Question 38

When comparing mammals and reptiles,the fact that mammals are homeothermic would be considered a(n):

A)autapomorphic feature
B)shared derived feature
C)shared ancestral feature
D)shared archetypical feature

Question 39

Homologies that appeared most recently and are therefore shared by a relatively small group of closely related taxa are called:

A)autapomorphic features
B)shared derived features
C)shared ancestral features
D)shared archetypical features

Question 40

Similarities in the anatomy of species that are not due to a common evolutionary ancestry are:

A)homoplastic
B)archetypical
C)homologous
D)binomial

Question 41

Which of the following is not a chordate?

A)a bird
B)a fish
C)a dog
D)a spider

Question 42

The notochord is:

A)an internal skeletal element
B)a nerve chord
C)an element of the circulatory system
D)a musical instrument

Question 43

All chordates possess at some point in their life cycle:

A)radial symmetry
B)gill slits
C)a diaphragm
D)all of the above

Question 44

Endothermy and heterodonty together are characteristic of the:

A)chordates
B)vertebrates
C)land vertebrates
D)mammals

Question 45

A life spent totally on land was made possible by the evolution of:

A)lungs
B)a waterproof skin
C)the amniote egg
D)all of the above

Question 46

Ectotherms maintain a constant body temperature by:

A)internal physiological mechanisms
B)eating only meat
C)avoiding high environmental temperatures and seeking out warm places in cold weather
D)anatomical structures such as hair

Question 47

Mammals did not become the dominant form of large terrestrial animals until:

A)the demise of the dinosaurs
B)they developed methods of behavioral thermoregulation
C)they developed mammary glands
D)the evolution of primates

Question 48

Dinosaurs belong to the class:

A)Amphibia
B)Aves
C)Mammalia
D)Reptilia

Question 49

An example of a nonvertebrate chordate is:

A)a shark
B)Amphioxus
C)a starfish
D)a lamprey

Question 50

Vertebrates include:

A)birds
B)mammals
C)reptiles
D)all of the above

Question 51

The phylum Chordata and the phylum Arthropoda share many features including:

A)bilateral symmetry
B)a notochord
C)four-chambered heart
D)all of the above

Question 52

Endothermy refers to:

A)maintaining stable body temperature through behavior
B)maintaining stable body temperature through internal physiological processes
C)cold-bloodedness
D)the heat regulation system of most fish

Question 53

Diphyodonty refers to:

A)the development of two sets of teeth
B)the regional differentiation of teeth
C)the continuous replacement of teeth
D)all teeth with a similar structure

Question 54

The first jaws evolved from:

A)gill bars
B)vertebral spines
C)pectoral girdle
D)none of the above

Question 55

The early vertebrates differed from the earlier nonvertebrate chordates in possessing a:

A)four-chambered heart
B)diaphragm
C)vertebral column
D)all of the above

Question 56

The development of the amniote egg was important for:

A)survival of birds
B)movement of vertebrates onto land
C)development of external fertilization in fish
D)the evolution of the egg-laying mammals

Question 57

Humans belong to the phylum:

A)Echinodermata
B)Chordata
C)Arthropoda
D)Mollusca

Question 58

Within the amniote egg,the embryo is contained within a fluid-filled sac called the:

A)chorion
B)allantois
C)amnion
D)yolk sac

Question 59

A multicellular organism that synthesizes food from inorganic materials and is not highly mobile is most likely a(n):

A)animal
B)plant
C)arthropod
D)chordate

Question 60

The regional differentiation of teeth is termed:

A)heterodonty
B)homodonty
C)diphyodonty
D)polyphyodonty

Question 61

The greatest number of mammals are:

A)eutherians
B)prototherians
C)metatherians
D)monotremes

Question 62

An example of a metatherian mammal is a:

A)whale
B)kangaroo
C)monkey
D)bat

Question 63

Mammals are characterized by a:

A)diaphragm
B)hard palate
C)four-chambered heart
D)all of the above

Question 64

The acronym for the proposed common ancestor of all currently living things is ______.

A)LUCA,
B)COMA
C)OLDE
D)EVA

Question 65

Humans would be classified as:

A)therian mammals
B)eutherian mammals
C)placental mammals
D)all of the above

Question 66

Some biologists see the primate order as being closely related to:

A)Scandentia (tree shrews)
B)Dermoptera (colugos)
C)Rodentia (rodents)
D)all of the above

Question 67

The platypus and echidna are the only living forms of ________ mammals.

A)prototherian
B)therian
C)eutherian
D)none of the above;they are not mammals

Question 68

Metatherian mammals are found primarily in:

A)Australia
B)Africa
C)North America
D)all of the above

Question 69

The prototherian mammals:

A)lay eggs and do not produce milk
B)lay eggs but also produce milk
C)have live birth but do not produce milk
D)have live birth and also produce milk

Question 70

The development of an organism from conception to death is called that organism's _____.

A)phylogeny
B)epigenetics
C)Ontogeny
D)Evo-devo

Question 71

Mammals are divided into three groups on the basis of their:

A)method of milk production
B)circulatory system
C)manner of caring for their embryonic young
D)digestive systems and diet

Question 72

Hox genes:

A)are regulator genes that among other things control the development of an organism
B)are only found in primates
C)are consider to be made up of "junk" DNA and do not perform any function but can be used to construct phylogenetic trees
D)are found in mitochondria and passed on to the next generation only by females

Question 73

Some biologists place primates in the superorder named:

A)Scandentia
B)Chordata
C)Euarchontoglires
D)Arthropoda

Question 74

Humans belong to the Order:

A)Carnivora
B)Primate
C)Scandentia
D)Chiroptera

Question 75

Mammals:

A)usually swallow their food whole
B)usually eat only once or twice a week
C)begin the digestive process in the stomach
D)begin the digestive process in the mouth

Question 76

Humans belong to the class:

A)Vertebrata
B)Mammalia
C)Aves
D)Chordata

Question 77

Most evolutionary biologists believe that all currently living organisms had a common ancestor the existed about ___years ago.

A)600 million
B)2.3 billion
C)3.9 billion
D)4.5 billion

Question 78

Mammals are characterized by:

A)homodont dentition
B)one bone in the middle ear
C)hair and fur
D)all of the above

Question 79

Mammary glands:

A)produce milk
B)are found among mammals
C)are related to the development of close bonds between mothers and offspring
D)all of the above

Question 80

Today there are how many orders of placental mammals?

A)0 (they are all extinct)
B)11
C)19
D)24