Deck 15: The Evolution of Homo Sapiens

Question 1

Three skulls dated to 156,000 years ago represent the earliest known Homo sapiens fossils.They were found in:

A)Africa
B)Europe
C)Asia
D)Southeast Asia

Answer 1

Africa

Question 2

Anthropocentrism is:

A)the idea that only humans have creativity and culture
B) the belief that humans are the most important things in the universe
C)the belief that Neandertals and H.sapiens are both "human"
D)none of the above

Answer 2

the belief that humans are the most important things in the universe

Question 3

Compared with earlier hominids,the modern human skull:

A)is less robust
B)has a strong chin
C)lacks any bone crests
D)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

The Qafzeh fossil is dated at about:

A)10,000 B.P.
B)27,000 to 25,000 B.P.
C)115,000 to 96,000 B.P.
D)153,000 to 142,000 B.P.

Question 5

The site called Skhūl is found in:

A)South Africa
B)Southern Europe
C)India
D)Israel

Question 6

Early evidence for symbolic behavior in H.sapiens found at Blombos Cave,South Africa,consists of:

A)carved Venus figurines
B)decorated red ochre pigment
C)human burials
D)stylized,decorated bone spear points

Question 7

The Klasies River fossils are about:

A)1 million years old
B)450,000 years old
C)120,000 years old
D)40,000 years old

Question 8

Early Homo sapiens found near Herto in Ethiopia are characterized by:

A)a cranial capacity of only about 900 cubic centimeters
B)less prominent brow ridges than pre-Homo sapiens
C)prominent brow ridges
D)a forehead similar to pre-Homo sapiens

Question 9

The replacement model for Homo sapiens' evolution suggests that modern humans

A)evolved in Africa and migrated into the rest of the world,replacing all earlier populations
B)evolved in Europe and migrated into the rest of the world,replacing all earlier populations
C)evolved locally in Europe,Africa,and Asia from earlier Homo populations
D)evolved in the New World and migrated into the rest of the world,replacing all earlier populations

Question 10

In terms of hominin evolution perhaps the most important part of the diet of early H.sapiens at Pinnacle Point,South Africa,was:

A)drought resistant nuts and tubers
B)large game animals
C)shellfish
D)fish and water fowl

Question 11

The significance of the Jebel Qafzeh fossil is that it shows that:

A)Neandertals lived up until modern times
B)H.sapiens developed contemporaneously with the Neandertals
C)H.sapiens reached the New World much before researchers previously believed
D)all modern people descended from one woman living in Israel about100,000 years ago

Question 12

Cro-Magnon populations were characterized by:

A)massive faces
B)low foreheads
C)small cranial capacities
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 13

The site at Skhūl dates to about:

A)more than 200,000 years ago
B)134.000-80,000 years ago
C)between 500,000 and 800,000 years ago
D)less than 30,000 years ago

Question 14

The average cranial capacity for modern humans is:

A)1500 cubic centimeters
B)1350 cubic centimeters
C)1200 cubic centimeters
D)1150 cubic centimeters

Question 15

The specimen most often used as the prototype of an early modern Homo sapiens is:

A)Cro-Magnon
B)Wadjak
C)Boskop
D)Del Mar

Question 16

The regional continuity model of Homo sapiens' evolution states that H.sapiens:

A)evolved locally in Europe,Africa,and Asia from earlier Homo populations
B)evolved in Africa and migrated into the rest of the world,replacing all earlier populations
C)evolved in Europe and migrated into the rest of the world,replacing all earlier populations
D)evolved in the New World and migrated into the rest of the world,replacing all earlier populations

Question 17

"Mitochondrial Eve" refers to:

A)a hypothetical population of African women from whom all modern humans are descended
B)a population of energetic women who killed off the Neandertals
C)the biblical Eve who lived about 6,000 years ago
D)a hypothetical African woman,the ancestor of all modern humans

Question 18

Current evidence indicates that the replacement model

A)might be a better fit to the data than the regional continuity model
B)that there was some interbreeding between modern Homo sapiens as they moved out of Africa into other areas and pre-modern Homo sapiens.
C)that the replacement of pre-Homo sapiens populations was incomplete
D)All of the above

Question 19

Curtis Marean has proposed that the origins of H.sapiens resulted from:

A)climatic changes bringing about severe drought forcing hominin populations into coastline habitats in South Africa
B)climatic changes bringing about the expansion of the Sahara desert forcing hominin populations into the lakes of the Rift valleys
C)the expansion of the Red Sea altering ocean currents bringing about changing in the distribution of marine resources along the coast of East Africa
D)a period of extreme rainfall and flooding forcing hominin populations out of the expanding rain forests into grassland and desert regions

Question 20

Early sites for Homo sapiens in Africa include:

A)Klasies River
B)Herto
C)Border Cave
D)all of the above

Question 21

Recent research suggests that people may have first reached Australia __________ years ago.

A)120,000 or earlier
B)40,000 or earlier
C)no earlier than 25,000
D)no earlier than10,000

Question 22

Proponents of the "Mitochondrial Eve" hypothesis believe that Mitochondrial Eve lived about:

A)750,000 years ago
B)500,000 years ago
C)200,000 years ago
D)120,000 years ago
E)75,000 years ago

Question 23

The Upper Paleolithic was characterized by:

A)the latter part of the last glaciation
B)a tundra in northern and western Europe
C)large herds of animal life
D)all of the above

Question 24

People originally migrated to Australia from:

A)Africa
B)Europe
C)Southeast Asia
D)Japan

Question 25

People in the Upper Paleolithic:

A)were most likely scavengers
B)practiced cooperative hunting
C)used projectile technology
D)b and c

Question 26

Beringia:

A)may have been 2,000 kilometers wide
B)connects Europe to Asia
C)refers to a group of islands in the Pacific
D)is an area around Berlin where numerous fossils have been found

Question 27

Humans probably traveled to Australia by means of:

A)human-made boats or rafts
B)a land bridge
C)ice age glaciers
D)naturally formed rafts

Question 28

Kennewick man:

A)dates to 7880 B.P.
B)exhibits "Caucasoid" features
C)was found in Washington state
D)all of the above

Question 29

The extinction of many genera of large animals during the Late Pleistocene may be due to:

A)a meteorite
B)the beginning of the ice age
C)hunting by Homo sapiens
D)the ending of the ice age

Question 30

The "Mitochondrial Eve" hypothesis traces all modern populations back to:

A)Africa,200,000 years ago
B)Africa,500,000 years ago
C)Europe,100,000 years ago
D)Asia,200,000 years ago

Question 31

A fossil population that maintained Homo erectus characteristics as recently as 9,500 years ago was discovered at:

A)Lake Mungo
B)Kow Swamp
C)Niah Cave
D)Laguna Beach

Question 32

The find of Kennewick man implies:

A)humans were in the New World much earlier than previously thought
B)European genes may have been included in the genome of the earliest arrivals to the New World
C)Europeans arrived in the New World before those from Asia
D)all of the above

Question 33

A fossil population that maintained Homo erectus characteristics as recently as 9,500 years ago was discovered in:

A)Europe
B)Asia
C)Australia
D)the Americas

Question 34

The earliest agreed dates for people occupying the New World are about:

A)55,000 to 60,000 B.P.
B)13,000 to 11,000 B.P.
C)3000 to 4000 B.P.
D)1000 to 2000 B.P.

Question 35

When the "Mitochondrial Eve" hypothesis was first suggested,the fossil evidence of modern humans only when back to about __________ years ago.

A)10,000
B)25,000,
C)40,000
D)90,000

Question 36

Current evidence suggests that there were ___ separate early migrations of humans to the New World:

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 37

Beringia connected:

A)Europe to Asia
B)Asia to Australia
C)Asia to North America
D)none of the above

Question 38

The Upper Paleolithic is often defined in terms of:

A)Oldowan tools
B)stone blade tools
C)the hand ax
D)the bow and arrow

Question 39

Which of the following statements is most valid on the basis of current evidence?

A)people were living in the New World sometime after 28,000 years ago
B)people were living in the New World sometime before 50,000 years ago
C)people did not arrive in the New World until 9,000 years ago
D)there is good evidence that people lived in the New World before 500,000 years ago

Question 40

There is evidence of modern-looking populations in Europe by:

A)130,000 B.P.
B)100,000 B.P.
C)52,000 B.P.
D)38,000 B.P.

Question 41

Upper Paleolithic innovations include:

A)compound tools
B)the eyed needle
C)the harpoon
D)all of the above

Question 42

After the Upper Paleolithic,people began to utilize the food resources of the environment more extensively.This period is known as the:

A)Terminal Paleolithic
B)Mesolithic
C)Neolithic
D)Bronze Age

Question 43

Hafting refers to:

A)putting a handle on a tool
B)preparing a core
C)the use of bone in tool manufacture
D)working both sides of a tool

Question 44

Upper Paleolithic tool technologies of Europe include:

A)Aurignacian
B)Gravettian
C)Solutrean
D)all of the above

Question 45

Venus figurines:

A)may represent motherhood or fertility
B)are very stylized
C)date to around 32,000 B.P.
D)all of the above

Question 46

All domesticated dogs are descended from (and are the same species as):

A)a single wild dog that lived 20,000 years ago
B)hyenas
C)gray wolves
D)none of the above

Question 47

European cave art first appeared about how many years ago:

A)500,000
B)220,000
C)95,000
D)32,000

Question 48

Early archaeological sites in the New World include:

A)Meadowcroft Rockshelter
B)Orogrande Cave
C)Clovis
D)all of the above

Question 49

The earliest,transitional European Upper Paleolithic tool tradition is the:

A)Aurignacian
B)Gravettian
C)Châteperronian
D)Magdalenian

Question 50

Clovis and Folsom assemblages are the most common American tool type found between the dates of:

A)13,200 to 9,000 years ago
B)20,500 to 12,000 years ago
C)50,000 to 20,000 years ago
D)100,000 to 50,000 years ago

Question 51

Folsom and Clovis points are:

A)arrowheads
B)lance tips
C)spearheads
D)a and c
E)b and c

Question 52

The most recent European Upper Paleolithic tool tradition is the:

A)Aurignacian
B)Gravettian
C)Solutrean
D)Magdalenian

Question 53

Wolves may have been domesticated:

A)to help in hunting
B)about 10,000-14,000 years ago
C)because of their good sense of smell
D)all of the above

Question 54

The Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania shows signs of human presence and:

A)appears to be older than the Folsom and Clovis sites
B)if correctly dated,indicates that people were in the New World sometime before 16,000 B.P.
C)if correctly dated,indicates that people were in the New World sometime before 115,000 B.P.
D)a and b
E)a and c

Question 55

Cave art is associated with:

A)Homo sapiens
B)Homo heidelbergensis
C)Homo neandertalensis
D)Homo erectus

Question 56

Simple chopping tools were used in southeast Asia until the end of the Paleolithic because:

A)Homo sapiens did not expand into southeast Asia until that time
B)of the reliance on other materials,such as bamboo,for tool manufacture
C)the hominids in southeast Asia were less evolved
D)all of the above

Question 57

The earliest Upper Paleolithic paintings date to:

A)50,000 B.P.
B)42,000 B.P.
C)32,000 B.P.
D)25,000 B.P.

Question 58

One of the reasons for the success of Upper Paleolithic peoples was the first use of:

A)fire
B)hand axes
C)wood and stone tools
D)compound tools

Question 59

The mainstay of the Folsom hunters was:

A)mammoths
B)wild horses
C)bison
D)small game

Question 60

Blades are prepared from:

A)clay
B)rounded pebbles found in rivers
C)cores
D)wood

Question 61

Civilization is characterized by:

A)the support of large populations
B)occupational division of labor
C)monumental architecture
D)a and c
E)all of the above

Question 62

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-platycephalic braincase

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 63

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-taurodontism

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 64

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-more powerful grip

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 65

With the development of Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures,population sizes:

A)remained stable
B)decreased slightly
C)increased slightly
D)increased dramatically

Question 66

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-vertical forehead

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 67

Domestication of plants and animals in the New World did not occur until it was brought to the New World by Europeans starting in the late 1400s.This statement is:

Question 68

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-more bent basicrania

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 69

The cultural stage marked by established farming is the:

A)Paleolithic
B)Mesolithic
C)Neolithic
D)Bronze Age

Question 70

The Neolithic was characterized by:

A)great technological and social changes
B)elaboration of tool types
C)refined pottery
D)all of the above

Question 71

In the Middle East the correct sequence of culture history phases is:

A)Neolithic,Mesolithic,Paleolithic,Bronze Age,Iron Age
B)Paleolithic,Mesolithic,Neolithic,Bronze Age,Iron Age
C)Mesolithic,Paleolithic,Neolithic,Iron Age,Bronze Age
D)Paleolithic,Mesolithic,Neolithic,Iron Age,Bronze Age

Question 72

Domestication of plants and animals developed in the New World independently of domestication in the Old World.This statement is:

Question 73

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-occipital bun

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 74

The first domestication of plants was:

A)13,000 B.P.in the Near East
B)5000 B.P.in the Near East
C)15,000 B.P.in Africa
D)8000 B.P.in Africa

Question 75

The Neolithic refers to:

A)a type of cultural setting in which hunting-gathering is the main source of food
B)the cultural setting in which people lived in villages and food production dominated hunting and gathering
C)the time of the first civilization
D)a cultural setting which first appeared about40,000 years ago

Question 76

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-largest cranial capacity

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 77

The earliest civilization was found in:

A)the Middle East
B)Africa
C)Asia
D)Europe

Question 78

Most Neolithic village were:

A)small
B)self-sufficient
C)farming communities
D)All of the above

Question 79

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-chin development

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans

Question 80

Matching Questions
match each trait with the appropriate species (an answer may be used more than once):

-well-developed brow ridges

A)Neandertals
B)modern humans