Deck 18: The Modern World

Question 1

The consequences of the greater mobility found in industrial societies include:

A)the fact that hybrid groups have tended to develop from populations that were once separated
B)a possible increase in the number of heterozygotes
C)an increase in the probability of assortative mating
D)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Agriculture has a negative impact on health because:

A)population densities increase,facilitating the spread of disease
B)standing water in plowed fields became the breeding ground for insects
C)untreated animal feces,used as fertilizer,enters the drinking water supply
D)all of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

The impact of industrialization on the evolution of modern populations includes:

A)the development and use of physical and chemical materials that cause mutations
B)increased mobility,which results in more intergroup mating
C)new selective pressures,such as pollution,associated with industrialization
D)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

The current world population is about:

A)725 million
B)2.5 billion
C)4 billion
D)6.8 billion

Question 5

Which of the following statements about HIV is false?

A)Some biologists believe that HIV is at least as powerful a selective agent as malaria
B)The CCR5 gene code for cell surface receptors and affects a person's susceptibility to HIV
C)A gene that may offer some protection against HIV is found in northern European populations,but rarely in Africa
D)North America has the highest number of young adults with AIDS

Question 6

Urbanization is chiefly a phenomenon of the last __________ years.

A)5,000
B)500
C)100
D)20

Question 7

Evidence exists that pollution in urban centers affected the residents' health as early as:

A)5,000 years ago
B)the Middle Ages
C)the beginning of the Industrial Era
D)1900

Question 8

Infectious diseases transmitted from other animals to humans:

A)are referred to as paleopathogens
B)are referred to as zymotics
C)are referred to as zoonoses
D)do not exist;humans cannot catch animal diseases

Question 9

Fossilized bone can display clear indications of:

A)skeletal diseases such as arthritis and bone cancer
B)nonskeletal diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis
C)physical injury
D)all of the above
E)a and c

Question 10

The dependence on mechanization to produce products and render services is called:

A)urbanization
B)industrialism
C)the Iron Age
D)civilization

Question 11

The study of disease and injury in fossil specimens is called:

A)paleopathology
B)anthropathology
C)epidemiology
D)zoonosology

Question 12

Endocrine disruptors:

A)are both natural and synthetic chemicals that affect the endocrine system
B)alter hormonal functioning by mimicking the sex hormones
C)are suspected to cause several reproductive system problems
D)all of the above

Question 13

Urbanization is defined as:

A)the growth and development of cities
B)the proportionate rise in urban population as compared to rural population
C)a society in which the majority of the people live in cities
D)none of the above

Question 14

Foraging societies display a lower frequency of common noninfectious diseases than industrial societies.Explanations for this include all of the following except:

A)differences in diet
B)higher life expectancies in industrial societies
C)the fact that foraging societies are more in tune with nature
D)the fact that foragers are exposed to fewer carcinogens

Question 15

The study of disease and injury in human populations is referred to as:

A)paleopathology
B)anthropathology
C)epidemiology
D)zoonosology

Question 16

Consequences of modern technology that are menacing to human life include:

A)nuclear,chemical,and biological weapons
B)the reduction of biological diversity
C)depletion of the ozone layer
D)all of the above

Question 17

In 1750,the world population was about 725 million.In 250 years,the global population has grown __________ times larger.

A)4
B)6
C)8.5
D)1,000

Question 18

Pollution of various kinds:

A)dates back before the beginning of civilization
B)has only become a problem in the last 100 years
C)can cause a wide range of health problems including skin disease,eye irritation,and headaches
D)a and c
E)b and c

Question 19

Compared to foraging societies,modern industrial societies suffer from epidemics:

A)less often,due to advances in modern medicine
B)just as often;modern medicine balances against population density
C)more often,due to population density
D)exclusively;foraging peoples are not affected by epidemics

Question 20

Some Neandertal skeletons have a pattern of fractures consistent with those of modern:

A)rodeo bull riders
B)sky divers
C)construction workers
D)none of the above

Question 21

At the current rate of population growth,the world population will reach about ____________ billion by the year 2050:

A)3.1
B)5.2
C)7.0
D)9.3

Question 22

In the early 2000s,up to______ people per year died from a lack of food or from normally nonfatal infections worsened by deficiencies in food resources.

A)3 million
B)20 million
C)75 million
D)125,000 million

Question 23

The decrease in atmospheric ozone may have the consequence of:

A)increasing the percent of cases of skin cancer
B)decreasing the yield of certain food crops
C)affecting climate
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 24

The world's rainforests contain about ____percent of the world's species:

A)12
B)27
C)46
D)62

Question 25

As of 2013,______ countries are known to have nuclear weapons.

A)3
B)9
C)17
D)33

Question 26

A main factor causing the depletion of the ozone layer is the use of:

A)bottled oxygen
B)chlorofluorocarbons
C)artificial fertilizers
D)solar energy panels
E)leaded gasoline

Question 27

By September 2003,there was a hole in the ozone layer larger than the size of:

A)a Greyhound bus
B)the city of New York
C)the state of Rhode Island
D)North America

Question 28

As of 2013,the United States government had:

A)declared that they would never sign the Kyoto Protocol agreement to reduce greenhouse gases over time
B)signed the Kyoto Protocol agreement,but had not ratified it
C)both signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol agreement
D)had officially declared that global warming is not occurring and therefore the Kyoto Protocol agreement is unnecessary

Question 29

G.Tyler Miller suggests that there are several things each person can do to alleviate ecological problems.These include:

A)buying a new car no more frequently than every three years
B)having no more than five children
C)using low or intermediate technology instead of high technology whenever possible
D)heating your home only to 78 degrees during the winter

Question 30

The effects of global warming include:

A)a shifting of the world's climatic zone
B)droughts in some areas and torrential rain in others
C)health crises,including a rise in respiratory ailments such as asthma
D)all of the above

Question 31

The gas that has increased significantly because of human activity is:

A)carbon dioxide
B)methane
C)dihydrogen oxide
D)nitrous oxide

Question 32

"Humans will adapt to high levels of smog." This statement:

A)is true
B)is partially true
C)cannot be scientifically supported and there is no reason to believe that it is true
D)is false

Question 33

The effects of the loss of the world's rainforests include:

A)reduction in atmospheric oxygen
B)major changes in world climates
C)loss of fuel and food plants
D)all of the above

Question 34

At the current rate of destruction,all rainforests will be gone or greatly disturbed by the year:

A)1995
B)2035
C)2250
D)2500

Question 35

As of 2013 it is estimated that the total number of nuclear warheads in the world is about ______:

A)300
B)3,000
C)19,000
D)90,000

Question 36

Some climate scientists believe that the average global temperature might rise as much as ___ degrees Fahrenheit by 2100.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 37

The most significant cause of global warming is:

A)a tilt in the earth's orientation to the sun
B)greenhouse gases
C)the thinning of the ozone layer
D)acid rain

Question 38

Possible factors resulting in a loss of biodiversity include:

A)intensive farming
B)destruction of rain forests
C)genetically engineered crops
D)all of the above
E)a and b

Question 39

By ___,according to one prediction in the text,as much as 95 percent of the world's rainforests might be gone.

A)2020
B)2035
C)2100
D)2150

Question 40

The ozone layer that protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation,according to some recent estimates,is being depleted by up to ____ percent per decade in the northern midlatitudes:

A)1
B)5
C)19
D)32

Question 41

Discuss the problems facing modern people that are presented in this chapter.Can you think of any major problems that were not discussed?

Question 42

Darwinian medicine is:

A)another name for paleopathology
B)the study of the evolution of diseases
C)the study of the evolution of medicine
D)the study of human medical conditions in terms of evolutionary theory

Question 43

Matching Questions
match the statement with the fact that corresponds with it the best:

-approximately 728,000

A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050

Question 44

A defense mechanism that is so fine-tuned that even an insignificant stimulus might trigger it is called the:

A)smoke detector principle
B)early warning principle
C)stimulus trigger principle
D)overreactive response principle

Question 45

How does population growth differ between more and less economically developed nations? Why do these differences exist? What social challenges will these present?

Question 46

How has the shift to a more urban way of life affected human populations?

Question 47

What are the applications of anthropology to modern issues such as those discussed in this chapter?

Question 48

Matching Questions
match the statement with the fact that corresponds with it the best:

-approximately 7 billion

A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050

Question 49

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-environmental estrogens

A)a molecule
B)acid rain
C)some destroyed,but thousands remain
D)affect the endocrine system
E)might be gone by 2035

Question 50

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-zymotics

A)a molecule
B)acid rain
C)some destroyed,but thousands remain
D)affect the endocrine system
E)might be gone by 2035

Question 51

Matching Questions
match the statement with the fact that corresponds with it the best:

-approximately 290,000

A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050

Question 52

Matching Questions
match the statement with the fact that corresponds with it the best:

-approximately 9 billion

A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050

Question 53

Matching Questions
match the statement with the fact that corresponds with it the best:

-approximately 125,000

A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050

Question 54

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-tropical rain forest

A)a molecule
B)acid rain
C)some destroyed,but thousands remain
D)affect the endocrine system
E)might be gone by 2035

Question 55

In what ways can anthropological knowledge be applied to understanding modern day problems?

Question 56

Darwinian medicine interprets vomiting,coughing,pain,and fever primarily as:

A)illness
B)defense mechanisms
C)evidence of low fitness
D)all of the above

Question 57

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-nuclear weapons

A)a molecule
B)acid rain
C)some destroyed,but thousands remain
D)affect the endocrine system
E)might be gone by 2035

Question 58

What is Darwinian medicine? Give an example of an illness that would be interpreted differently from the perspective of Darwinian medicine.

Question 59

Through the study of paleopathology,what have anthropologists been able to figure out about the Neandertals?

Question 60

Matching Questions
match each term with its definition:

-ozone

A)a molecule
B)acid rain
C)some destroyed,but thousands remain
D)affect the endocrine system
E)might be gone by 2035

Question 61

In what ways will genetic engineering and cyborgenenics affect people in the future?