Deck 15: Landforms Made by Running Water

Question 1

The erosive force of flowing water is referred to as:

A)hydraulic action
B)abrasion
C)corrosion
D)sliding
E)turbulence

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements describing the grading of a river is incorrect?

A)In the final stages,lakes and waterfalls are abundant
B)Initially there are large fluctuations in slope profile
C)At intermediate stages,the stream profile becomes smoothed into a uniform curve
D)The angle of the final graded profile is us lower than in earlier stages
E)At the earliest stage,there are large fluctuations in the slope profile

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The general term to describe any stream-laid deposit is:

A)bars
B)fans
C)alluvium
D)discharge
E)colluvium

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The stream erosion process in which certain rocks and minerals are dissolved in the water is called _______________.

A)abrasion
B)corrosion
C)saltation
D)traction
E)suspension

Question 5

Which of the following is a depositional fluvial landform?

A)cuesta
B)hogback
C)butte
D)levee
E)water gap

Question 6

The sea-level surface envisaged to lie beneath an entire landmass that represents the lower limiting level is referred to as the:

A)base level
B)peneplain
C)flood plain
D)graded profile
E)stream profile

Question 7

Which of the following features develops once a river has reached a graded condition?

A)lakes
B)levee
C)terrace
D)braided channel
E)floodplain

Question 8

The rolling or sliding of particles in a stream moves larger debris referred to collectively at the.

A)Solution load
B)stream load
C)dissolved load
D)bed load
E)suspended load

Question 9

The erosion process associated with overland flow is referred to as:

A)sediment yeild
B)splash erosion
C)sheet erosion
D)corrasion
E)stream erosion

Question 10

A stream in an equilibrium condition whereby it can just carry the average of load of sediment that it receives from slopes and inflowing channels is referred to as a/an:

A)gully
B)meandering river
C)alluvial river
D)graded stream
E)rill

Question 11

Where would you find a back swamp located with reference to fluvial landforms?

A)higher ground above the alluvial terraces
B)higher ground above the bluffs
C)lower ground between the flood plain and the stream
D)lower ground inside the inner portion of an ox-bow lake
E)lower ground between levees and bluffs

Question 12

The process whereby alluvium accumulates so raising the stream bed is referred to as:

A)gradation
B)abrasion
C)alluviation
D)aggradation
E)degradation

Question 13

Alluvial terraces form due to which of the following factors?

A)alluvium is deposited at different stages during gradation and so naturally occur as terraces
B)obstacles prevent the river from cutting away all of the deposited alluvium
C)overbank flooding carries debris to the outer edges of the valley so depositing the terraces
D)overbank flooding carries debris and deposits it adjacent to the river channel
E)uplift of the river channel that further entrenches meanders

Question 14

What is the geologic norm with reference to erosion?

A)The average amount of sediment eroded from an unvegetated surface
B)The natural rate of erosion on a vegetated surface that still allows soils to be maintained
C)The rate of erosion normally found where vegetation is removed and overland flow is allowed to progress naturally
D)The probability of severe erosion should all natural vegetation be removed
E)The rate of erosion in humid regions where rainfall is consistent and vegetation is regularly removed.

Question 15

________________ is the bouncing of materials along a stream bed.

A)solution
B)suspension
C)saltation
D)traction
E)abrasion

Question 16

Which of the following transport processes would likely dominate in a muddy stream?

A)solution
B)suspension
C)saltation
D)traction
E)abrasion

Question 17

Which of the following features is not a consequence of accelerated erosion associated with vegetation loss?

A)Splash erosion
B)Increased organic matter
C)Reduced infiltration
D)Reduced ability of soil to absorb water
E)Greater effectiveness of overland flow

Question 18

The maximum solid load of debris that can be carried by a stream at a given discharge is a measure of the:

A)hydraulic action
B)bed load
C)stream capacity
D)sediment yeild
E)geologic norm

Question 19

Gullies are the eventual result of which of the following erosion processes?

A)sediment yeild
B)splash erosion
C)sheet erosion
D)rill erosion
E)stream erosion

Question 20

Which of the following types of channel is associated with alluvial fans?

A)meandering
B)youthful
C)entrenched meanders
D)braided
E)alluvial meanders

Question 21

Lakes and waterfalls that are created by tectonic processes are geologically long-lived features.

Question 22

Stream ____________ is the progressive removal of mineral material from the floor and sides of the channel,whether bedrock or regolith.

A)erosion
B)transportation
C)deposition
D)load
E)capacity

Question 23

Where stream channels flow on bedrock,material is removed mostly by the process of hydraulic action.

Question 24

When a stream's velocity is doubled,its ability to transport bed load is also doubled.

Question 25

Waterfalls and rapids are mostly likely associated with _________ aged streams.

A)infant
B)young
C)middle
D)mature
E)old

Question 26

Sequential landforms that are shaped by progressive removal of the bedrock mass are __________________ landforms.

A)initial
B)erosional
C)fluvial
D)ablation
E)depositional

Question 27

In the early stages of gradation and tributary extension,the capacity of a stream __________ the load supplied to it.

A)exceeds
B)increases
C)erodes
D)weathers
E)ignores

Question 28

____________ is the term for any overland flow deposited material.

A)Colluvium
B)Alluvium
C)Fluvium
D)Sandstone
E)overburden

Question 29

High rates of erosion by overland flow do occur occasionally in semi-arid or arid regions.

Question 30

Splash erosion can eventually cause a soil to be less able to absorb water.

Question 31

In humid climates,where erosion is rapid so that soil does not form,a disequilibrium is formed that is termed the geologic norm.

Question 32

Landforms shaped by ____________ are conveniently described as fluvial landforms.

A)glacial ice
B)wave action
C)denudation
D)running water
E)wind erosion

Question 33

Stream transportation consists of movement of the eroded particles dragged over the stream bed,suspended in the body of the stream,or held in solution as ions.

Question 34

Both the suspended load and bed load of rivers decrease with an increase in velocity.

Question 35

Clay and silt are carried by a stream _____________________.

A)as a component of the dissolved load
B)as suspended load
C)as ions in the dissolved load
D)as bed load
E)under certain conditions

Question 36

As water flow increases,a stream flowing in a channel that is cut into thick layers of alluvium will easily deepen its channel.

Question 37

Fluvial landforms and fluvial processes dominate the continental land surfaces the world over.

Question 38

In the early stages of stream gradation,the capacity of the stream exceeds the load supplied to it.

Question 39

Alluvial rivers are small rivers with high gradients that move large quantities of sediment.

Question 40

The apex of a(n)______________ lies at the mouth of a canyon or ravine.

A)delta
B)natural levee
C)alluvial fan
D)pediment
E)ravine

Question 41

Using an annotated diagram describe the formation of ox-bow lakes.

Question 42

Describe and explain the development of alluvial fans.

Question 43

Identify the three main processes with fluvial erosion and give examples of how they may be represented in the landscape.

Question 44

Using examples from your local region,describe the development of waterfalls or lakes and their role in the landscape and in human activities.

Question 45

Compare and contrast slope erosion in humid and in arid or semi-arid regions.

Question 46

Identify the stages in William Morris Davis' geographic cycle with particular reference to your local landscape.

Question 47

Using an annotated diagram,describe the progression of stream gradation.

Question 48

Compare and contrast the landscapes inherent in early,middle and late stages of stream gradation.

Question 49

Describe and explain the erosional and depositional processes associated with slope erosion

Question 50

Using examples from the news or an historic case study,describe and explain the progression of events during a flood.