Deck 16: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind

Question 1

Which of the following type of dune does not have the curve of the dune crest is bowed outward in the downwind direction?

A)coastal blowout dune
B)barchan dune
C)longitudinal dune
D)parabolic dune
E)dunes in a sand sea

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Backwash as it flows back down a beach may also be referred to as a/an:

A)undercurrent
B)littoral drift
C)beach drift
D)longshore current
E)longshore drift

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is a depositional coastal landform?

A)Marine cliff
B)sea notch
C)tombolo
D)wave-cut platform
E)sea arch

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A landform which forms a link between an offshore island and the mainland is a (an)______________

A)tombolo
B)baymouth bar
C)stack
D)offshore bar
E)atoll

Question 5

When waves approach a shoreline at an angle to the beach,a current is set up parallel to the shore in a direction away from the wind.This is specifically known as the:

A)undercurrent
B)littoral drift
C)beach drift
D)longshore current
E)longshore drift

Question 6

When a wave approaches a beach at an oblique angle,only part of it is lowed down as it reaches shallow water.The rest of the wave continues to move at a high velocity,bending the wave.This process is called ________________.

A)wave broadening
B)wave reflection
C)wave refraction
D)wave drift
E)beach drift

Question 7

Saltation is:

A)the accumulation of salts in the upper parts of a soil
B)the bouncing of grains of material along the surface
C)the erosion of material by its rubbing together with material of a similar size
D)the mechanism which puts dust and debris into the atmosphere in extremely windy conditions
E)where wind has removed loose sand and material to leave a hollow behind

Question 8

In which of the following environments could induced deflation potentially occur?

A)Semi-arid uncultivated land
B)Semi-arid cultivated land
C)Arid desert with fully formed barchan dunes
D)Arid desert with no fully formed dunes
E)In both arid and semi-arid regions

Question 9

Which part of a sand dune typically slopes at the angle of repose of sand?

A)the windward side
B)the leeward side
C)the outer edges
D)the inner edges
E)the base

Question 10

A ring-like coral reef surrounding an empty lagoon is a (an)_______________.

A)atoll
B)berm
C)tombolo
D)spit
E)stack

Question 11

Which of the following describes the order of features observed as a breaking wave approaches a coast and finally breaks?

A)Wave falls forward,steepens,and rushes up the beach slope
B)Wave widens,falls backward,and rushes up the beach slope
C)Wave steepens,falls backward,and rushes up the beach slope
D)Wave steepens,falls forward,and rushes up the beach slope
E)Wave widens,falls forward,and rushes up the beach slope

Question 12

Which of the following features immediately precedes the formation of a sea stack?

A)marine cliff
B)abrasion platform
C)sea arch
D)sea notch
E)sea cave

Question 13

A drowned river mouth indicates which of the following types of coastline?

A)submergent coast
B)emergent coast
C)depositional coast
D)erosional coast
E)barrier

Question 14

Relatively small sand dunes that are crescent-shaped are termed:

A)barchans
B)star dunes
C)transverse dunes
D)longitudinal dunes
E)seif dunes

Question 15

The shifting of materials up and down the coastline edge with the wash and backwash is specifically known as the:

A)undercurrent
B)littoral drift
C)beach drift
D)longshore current
E)longshore drift

Question 16

A coastal zone whose landforms have been exposed due to tectonic uplift or a fall in sea level is referred to as a (an)___________.

A)submergent coast
B)emergent coast
C)depositional coast
D)erosional coast
E)barrier coast

Question 17

Wave backwash flows _______________________.

A)at the same angle that the original wave arrived
B)at right angles to the shoreline
C)at right angles to the direction of the original wave
D)parallel to the sea edge
E)parallel to the wind direction

Question 18

Which of the following types of surface would not be prone to wind erosion?

A)unvegetated arid materials
B)loose,dry debris
C)moist clay-rich soils
D)coastal locations
E)all of the above are susceptible to wind erosion

Question 19

From which of the following landforms does a marine terrace develop from?

A)stack
B)coastal notch
C)estuary
D)coral reef
E)abrasion platform

Question 20

The vertical difference between high and low tide is referred to as the ____________.

A)high water mark
B)tidal range
C)tidal rise
D)low water mark
E)tidal gauge

Question 21

The most important agent shaping coastal landforms is ___________ action.

A)storm
B)stream
C)salinization
D)wave
E)gravity

Question 22

Dunes that form long ridges at right angles to the prevailing wind are referred to as:

A)barchan dunes
B)transverse dunes
C)parabolic dunes
D)star dunes
E)longitudinal dunes

Question 23

Groins may be built on a beach to compact the results of which of the following processes except?

A)undercurrent
B)littoral drift
C)beach drift
D)longshore current
E)longshore drift

Question 24

_____________ (is/are)wind transported silt that form(s)soils which support the growth of cereal grains.

A)Dunes
B)Loess
C)Silt
D)Talc
E)Barrier islands

Question 25

Along stretches of shoreline affected by progradation,the beach may be seriously depleted or may have entirely disappeared.

Question 26

The time interval between high tide and the next high tide is approximately how long?

A)6 1/4 hours
B)12 1/2 hours
C)13 hours
D)24 hours
E)25 hours

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic of barrier island coasts?

A)distributaries
B)tidal inlets
C)embayments
D)delta
E)estuaries

Question 28

A deeply embayed coast formed by partial submergence of a landmass previously shaped by fluvial denudation would be classified as a:

A)ria coast
B)barrier island coast
C)fault coast
D)fiord coast
E)delta coast

Question 29

When a beach is removed from a coastline during a storm __________________.

A)it will eventually be returned by weak wave action
B)it will be returned by the next storm
C)the beach will not reform until new material is broken free from the sea cliff
D)the beach will reform within a day or two
E)it is lost forever

Question 30

A coral reef that is attached to a shoreline is referred to as a/an:

A)atoll
B)fringing reef
C)barrier reef
D)barrier island
E)raised shoreline

Question 31

A shallow depression produced as a result of deflation is referred to as a/an:

A)sand sea
B)barchan
C)foredune
D)blowout
E)desert pavement

Question 32

Tidal currents are made up of two opposing currents called ________________ currents.

A)longshore and littoral
B)tides and floods
C)longshore and flood
D)ebb and littoral
E)ebb and flood

Question 33

A deeply embayed,rugged coast formed by the partial submergence of glacial troughs would be classified as a:

A)ria coast
B)barrier island coast
C)fault coast
D)fiord coast
E)delta coast

Question 34

The removal of loose particles from the ground is termed ___________.

A)abrasion
B)ablation
C)deflation
D)blowout
E)inflation

Question 35

A ___________ coast forms when clay,silt,and sand are deposited by distributaries flowing into standing water.

A)delta
B)ria
C)marine terrace
D)fault
E)barrier island

Question 36

Where a river runs into an ocean bay,the bay is termed a(n)_________________.

A)estuary
B)shoreline
C)coast
D)coastline
E)recreational area

Question 37

Behind the barrier islands of the Atlantic Gulf coast there exist __________ which are broad expanses of shallow water.

A)salt marshes
B)marine terraces
C)lagoons
D)tidal inlets
E)bays

Question 38

A coastline with a broad zone of shallow water offshore or lagoon,shut off from the ocean by a deposit would be classified as a:

A)ria coast
B)barrier island coast
C)fault coast
D)fiord coast
E)delta coast

Question 39

The lesser channels that flow across a delta are referred to as

A)distributaries
B)tidal inlets
C)embayments
D)lagoons
E)estuaries

Question 40

A coral reef that is lies out from the shoreline is referred to as a/an:

A)atoll
B)fringing reef
C)barrier reef
D)barrier island
E)raised shoreline

Question 41

The potential for future significant sea level rise is a current topic of discussion.Describe the effects of such a sea level rise upon the coastal landforms you have learned about.

Question 42

On the downwind side of a barchan dune,the slipface,the angle of the surface remains constant at the angle of repose.

Question 43

Using an example of a tide timetable (either obtained locally or from the Internet)explain the sequences of tides and their characteristics.

Question 44

Compare and contrast the characteristics and formation of the different types of sand dune

Question 45

Transverse dunes form a sand sea of frozen "wave" forms arranged perpendicular to the wind direction.

Question 46

Barchan dunes usually rest on sand seas and usually occur singly rather than in groups.

Question 47

At a tidal coastline,when the tide begins to rise,an ebb current set in.

Question 48

Coastal plains are found along active tectonic plate boundaries.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the different types of coral reefs.

Question 50

Using an annotated diagram describe the features in a barchan dune.

Question 51

Compare and contrast the different types of coastline that result from submergence.

Question 52

A ia coast is one of the types of coastline that results from the submergence or partial drowning of the coast.

Question 53

Loess is of major importance in world agricultural resources.

Question 54

Using an annotated diagram,describe and explain the development sea arches,stacks,notches,caves and abrasion platforms.

Question 55

Using an annotated sketch map,describe either a coastline close to your location,or a well-known coastline.Identify the features that are apparent and explain their formation.

Question 56

Using an example of a beach you have visited,describe the processes responsible for its development and the resulting features you have observed.

Question 57

Deflation occurs when wind deposits mineral particles to create sand dunes and sand seas.

Question 58

Coral reef coasts occur in warm water,near the surface and free of suspended sediment.

Question 59

A coastal blowout dune is a type longitudinal dune.

Question 60

Describe and explain the formation of loess and account for where we find deposits of loess today.