Deck 3: Science, systems, matter, and Energy

ملء الشاشة (f)
exit full mode
سؤال
Which statement describes the scientific process? 

A) Established scientific theories are not challenged and continue to hold true. 
B) Advances in science are never based on disagreement, speculation, and controversy. 
C) Science is the acceptance of what works and the rejection of what does not work. 
D) Scientific laws and theories are based on certainties, not statistical probabilities.
استخدم زر المسافة أو
up arrow
down arrow
لقلب البطاقة.
سؤال
Which means do scientists use to reduce errors in their observations and measurements? 

A) taking measurement only once and using that value 
B) testing measuring devices against known samples 
C) testing measuring devices against unknown samples 
D) using procedures that are not standardized
سؤال
When are mathematical models most useful? 

A) when controlled experiments are impossible 
B) when controlled experiments are very easy to perform 
C) when responses to causing events show no variability 
D) when there are a few interacting variables
سؤال
Which of the following is characteristic of a system? 

A) A system functions in a regular and predictable manner. 
B) A system consists solely of inputs and outputs. 
C) A system cannot be accurately modeled. 
D) A system is highly random in its function.
سؤال
Which question is a scientist most likely to ask? 

A) How many times should we run this experiment? 
B) What is the meaning of life for humans? 
C) What new hypothesis can be drawn to test this experiment? 
D) How can these scientific laws be formulated to use the data?
سؤال
Which model is the most useful for perceiving and predicting events in the environmental arena? 

A) a conceptual model 
B) a mathematical model 
C) a physical model 
D) a mental model
سؤال
Which behaviour would be most appreciated by the scientific community? 

A) observing patterns in an artificial environment 
B) overstating a claim 
C) understating a claim 
D) hypothesizing about evidence
سؤال
Which statement best characterizes the effect of human events on the environment? 

A) Feedback is usually immediate. 
B) It is predicted that the environment is diverse. 
C) Long delays exist between events and responses. 
D) Our generalizations are based upon many experiences.
سؤال
Which statement most accurately describes frontier science? 

A) Frontier science can lead the public to think that science has all the answers. 
B) Frontier science often deals with untested models and hypotheses. 
C) Frontier science is used in remote places. 
D) Frontier science often deals with well-documented data.
سؤال
Which model is most likely to be used in the scientific process? 

A) a religious model 
B) a facility model 
C) a theological model 
D) a biological model
سؤال
What is one example of a positive feedback loop? 

A) a temperature-regulating system 
B) compound interest in a savings account 
C) recycling aluminum cans 
D) a thermostat
سؤال
What is one example of a negative feedback loop? 

A) a thermostat that maintains a certain temperature in your house 
B) sweating to heat your body up during and after vigorous exercise 
C) exponential population growth 
D) the accelerating gain of heat as a pan of hot water is removed from the stove
سؤال
What type of models do weather forecasters rely on? 

A) complicated theological models 
B) complicated conceptual models 
C) complicated mathematical models 
D) complicated mental models
سؤال
Which source is best to consult in order to learn more about what scientists generally agree on? 

A) Popular Science 
B) CNN 
C) newspaper headlines 
D) Canadian Journal of Zoology publications
سؤال
Which statement is most likely to be said by a scientist? 

A) I'd like to offer an alternative hypothesis to explain the data. 
B) Perhaps you are right. But I think the data more strongly support a different view. 
C) That seems a plausible model of the system we are studying. 
D) We should design an experiment to test this hypothesis.
سؤال
What is required to discover and formulate a scientific law? 

A) fabrication 
B) lack of knowledge 
C) fairy tales 
D) use of scientific methods
سؤال
What does a positive feedback loop do? 

A) A positive feedback loop accelerates change and goes on infinitely. 
B) A positive feedback loop slows down change and goes on infinitely. 
C) A positive feedback loop slows down change and is finite. 
D) A positive feedback loop accelerates change and is finite.
سؤال
What is one example of a negative feedback loop? 

A) chaos 
B) leverage 
C) secretion of certain enzymes increase the rate of certain chemical reactions 
D) the human body sweating in response to heat
سؤال
Which description represents a system? 

A) multiple mathematical equations used to describe the behaviour of multiple observations 
B) a set of components that function and interact in some regular and theoretically understandable manner 
C) a physical model that has positive and negative feedback loops that proves a scientific hypothesis 
D) a conceptual model that proves a scientific hypothesis
سؤال
Which of the following is the best definition of science? 

A) Science is a collection of facts determined by scientific methods. 
B) Science studies the past to predict the future. 
C) Science attempts to discover order in nature to interpret the past. 
D) Science uses data to formulate scientific laws that become the basis for making predictions.
سؤال
Which statement is the best definition of matter? 

A) Matter has the capacity to change in form. 
B) Matter has the ability to produce change. 
C) Matter has mass and occupies space. 
D) Matter has the capacity to do work.
سؤال
Which situation involves a long time delay that results in environmental degradation? 

A) depletion of the ozone layer 
B) clear-cutting a forest 
C) marine oil spills 
D) building new four-lane highways
سؤال
What is the nature of liquids,solids,and gases? 

A) they are chemical forms of matter 
B) they are compounds 
C) they are physical states of matter 
D) they are mixtures
سؤال
Which of the following is an element? 

A) compound 
B) soil 
C) water 
D) nitrogen
سؤال
Which term best defines a situation where two or more processes interact such that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects? 

A) a chaotic interaction 
B) a homeostatic interaction 
C) a negative feedback interaction 
D) a synergistic interaction
سؤال
How do isotopes differ from each other? 

A) by their number of protons 
B) by their number of neutrons 
C) by their number of ions 
D) by their number of atoms
سؤال
What is the electronic charge of an ion? 

A) a net negative charge 
B) no charge 
C) a net positive charge 
D) a net positive or a net negative charge
سؤال
The community knew the effects of Chemical X and Chemical Y when used independently of one another.Safe limits were set for the use of each chemical.When both chemicals were released into the environment at their safe levels,but at the same time and location,massive quantities of fish died.What is the most probable explanation for this occurrence? 

A) negative feedback 
B) synergistic interaction 
C) positive feedback 
D) homeostasis
سؤال
What is the name of the forces of attraction between water molecules? 

A) compound bonds 
B) covalent bonds 
C) hydrogen bonds 
D) ionic bonds
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of a time delay? 

A) A fox eats a rabbit. 
B) A smoker develops lung cancer. 
C) A largemouth bass eats a salmon fry. 
D) Higher altitude causes oxygen deficiency.
سؤال
How many H+ ions are there in a solution with a ph of 6 compared to a solution with a ph of 8? 

A) 2000 less 
B) 2000 more 
C) 100 less 
D) 100 more
سؤال
What does the term atomic number refer to? 

A) the number of atoms in a molecule 
B) the number of protons in an atom 
C) the number of electrons in an atom 
D) the number of neutrons in a molecule
سؤال
What is one distinctive building block of matter? 

A) compound 
B) mixture 
C) element 
D) isotope
سؤال
What are protons,neutrons,and electrons examples of? 

A) negative ions 
B) forms of energy 
C) subatomic particles 
D) charged particles
سؤال
What does the space occupied by an atom mostly consist of? 

A) protons 
B) nothing 
C) neutrons 
D) electrons
سؤال
A driver and passenger were stopped by a fallen tree across the road.Although neither could move the tree alone,together they moved it off the road.Which concept best describes their solution? 

A) homeostatic interaction 
B) positive feedback interaction 
C) synergistic interaction 
D) chaotic interaction
سؤال
Which statement is the best example of - a synergistic interaction? 

A) The combined effects of alcohol and a depressant produce a greater effect than would be expected from adding their individual effects. 
B) When the exponential growth of the human population exceeds the carrying capacity, a massive dieback will occur. 
C) The use of alcohol reduces the effectiveness of a blood thinner. 
D) Secondary smoke may increase chances of lung cancer in a nonsmoker.
سؤال
Which of the following best describes N2 and O₂? 

A) molecules consisting of two elements of the same compound 
B) molecules consisting of two atoms of the same element 
C) compounds consisting of two different elements 
D) elements consisting of a compound and an ion
سؤال
Which statement best describes a synergistic effect? 

A) It induces a positive feedback loop and results in continued interaction. 
B) It occurs when two or more factors interact to produce a greater effect than each would have produced separately. 
C) It results in a time delay. 
D) It occurs when two or more factors interact to produce a lesser effect than each would have produced separately.
سؤال
What is atomic mass equal to? 

A) the sum of the neutrons and protons 
B) the sum of the neutrons and isotopes 
C) the sum of the neutrons and electrons 
D) the sum of the protons, neutrons, and electrons
سؤال
What uses low-quality energy? 

A) electric motors 
B) furnaces for space heating 
C) gas combustion engines 
D) stoves for cooking
سؤال
Which complex compound is matched with its correct building block? 

A) proteins-fatty acids 
B) nucleic acids-monosaccharides 
C) chromosomes-proteins 
D) complex carbohydrates-simple sugars such as glucose
سؤال
The manufacture of one plastic soda pop bottle requires the consumption of approximately 100 litres of crude oil,100 kilograms of steel,100 litres of water,and various amounts of other materials.Which statement best describes this situation? 

A) Plastic bottles have a low material efficiency. 
B) Plastic bottles have a high resource productivity. 
C) Most of the matter used to manufacture plastic bottles ends up in the bottle. 
D) Plastic bottles represent an efficient use of resources.
سؤال
What is present in all organic compounds? 

A) hydrogen 
B) carbon 
C) oxygen 
D) nitrogen
سؤال
What is the relative energy quality of normal sunlight? 

A) very high 
B) low 
C) high 
D) moderate
سؤال
The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation released by the sun consists mostly of what type of radiation? 

A) gamma rays 
B) ultraviolet waves 
C) visible waves 
D) infrared waves
سؤال
What is included in all organic compounds? 

A) cadmium 
B) hydrocarbons 
C) hydro-oxygens 
D) carbon dioxide
سؤال
What is the best example of low-quality energy? 

A) electricity 
B) nuclei of uranium-235 
C) coal 
D) heat in the ocean
سؤال
Which statement is a valid conclusion based on the law of conservation of matter? 

A) Everything we've thrown away is still here in one form or another. 
B) We will eventually run out of matter if we keep consuming it at current rates. 
C) Pollution can be eliminated completely. 
D) We can throw everything away.
سؤال
Which source of energy will most likely provide high-temperature industrial heat? 

A) high velocity water flow 
B) hydrogen gas 
C) concentrated sunlight 
D) concentrated geothermal
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of potential energy? 

A) chemical energy in a chocolate bar 
B) electricity flowing through a wire 
C) a leaf falling from a tree 
D) a bullet fired at high velocity
سؤال
Which term best describes what H₂O and NaCl are? 

A) organic compounds 
B) inorganic compounds 
C) mixtures 
D) elements
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? 

A) a chunk of coal 
B) a stick of dynamite 
C) a falling rock 
D) a pellet of uranium oxide
سؤال
How do scientists classify energy? 

A) as either potential or mechanical 
B) as either potential or kinetic 
C) as either chemical or physical 
D) as either kinetic or mechanical
سؤال
What is the relative energy quality of electricity? 

A) very high 
B) high 
C) low 
D) moderate
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of ionizing radiation? 

A) microwaves 
B) gamma rays 
C) infrared waves 
D) visible waves
سؤال
Which molecule might experience a mutation that could be passed from one generation to the next? 

A) protein 
B) hydrocarbon 
C) DNA 
D) carbohydrate
سؤال
Which statement is an example of a physical change? 

A) A chunk of coal is burned to produce carbon dioxide. 
B) In the troposphere, sulphur dioxide and water vapour reacts to produce sulphuric acid. 
C) A plant converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrate. 
D) Confetti is cut from pieces of paper.
سؤال
Which source of iron would be of the highest quality? 

A) deposits on the ocean floor 
B) a large, scrap metal junkyard 
C) a field of spinach 
D) a 0.5-mile deep deposit
سؤال
What is the best definition of energy? 

A) Energy is the movement of molecules. 
B) Energy is the random motion of molecules. 
C) Energy is the ability to do work and transfer heat. 
D) Energy is a force that is exerted over some distance.
سؤال
What is the main use of radioisotopes? 

A) cancer therapy 
B) as garden insecticides 
C) to stop pollution 
D) as agricultural herbicides
سؤال
What is characteristic of physical and chemical reactions? 

A) They involve changes in energy, but not in matter. 
B) They involve changes in matter, but not energy. 
C) They always require energy. 
D) They sometimes emit energy.
سؤال
Which matter is broken down by biological action? 

A) uranium 
B) plastic toys 
C) litter in the environment 
D) lead and mercury
سؤال
Which statement applies to the second law of thermodynamics? 

A) Energy conversion results in less dispersed energy. 
B) Heat is usually given off from energy conversions. 
C) Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
D) Energy conversion results in higher quality energy.
سؤال
Which law of physics governs nuclear changes? 

A) law of conservation of matter and energy 
B) law of entropy 
C) law of conservation of energy 
D) law of conservation of matter
سؤال
Which comparison of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion is correct? 

A) Nuclear fusion produces less energy than nuclear fission. 
B) Nuclear fusion is harder to initiate than nuclear fission. 
C) Nuclear fusion occurs in nuclear power plants, whereas nuclear fission occurs in the sun. 
D) Nuclear fusion occurs in atomic bombs, whereas nuclear fission occurs in hydrogen bombs.
سؤال
What is the most common form of energy released from radioisotopes? 

A) cosmic rays 
B) ultraviolet rays 
C) gamma rays 
D) x-rays
سؤال
What is one defining characteristic of energy input? 

A) Energy input is always equal to energy output. 
B) Energy input is always greater than energy output. 
C) Energy input is usually greater than energy output. 
D) Energy input is usually less than energy output.
سؤال
What is given off by natural radioactivity? 

A) delta rays 
B) theta particles 
C) epsilon particles 
D) gamma rays
سؤال
Which option is most effective for dealing with nondegradable pollutants? 

A) Keep them from getting into the environment. 
B) Remove them from contaminated air. 
C) Remove them from contaminated water. 
D) Remove them from contaminated soil.
سؤال
What is the first law of thermodynamics? 

A) Energy is neither created nor destroyed. 
B) Energy cannot be recycled. 
C) Doing work always creates heat. 
D) Altering matter is the best source of energy.
سؤال
Which amount indicates the measurement of pollutants in parts per trillion (ppt)? 

A) one drop in 1 000 000 litres 
B) one drop in 10 000 000 litres 
C) one drop in 100 000 000 litres 
D) one drop in 1 000 000 000 litres
سؤال
What type of change converts mass into energy? 

A) physical change 
B) energy change 
C) chemical change 
D) nuclear change
سؤال
Which fuel is used in a nuclear reactor? 

A) uranium-500 
B) coal 
C) petroleum 
D) uranium-235
سؤال
What is a likely product of a fusion reaction? 

A) alpha particles 
B) helium 
C) tritium 
D) deuterium
سؤال
What is Earth essentially an open system for? 

A) energy 
B) matter and energy 
C) neither matter nor energy 
D) matter
سؤال
What best characterizes Earth's closed system? 

A) matter and energy 
B) energy 
C) matter 
D) thermodynamics
سؤال
Which type of radiation is the most highly penetrating? 

A) alpha 
B) gamma 
C) beta 
D) ultraviolet
سؤال
What are the two most common types of ionizing particles emitted by radioactive isotopes? 

A) electrons and protons 
B) alpha and beta particles 
C) gamma and beta particles 
D) gamma and alpha particles
سؤال
Which statement about nuclear fusion is correct? 

A) High-temperature fusion is much harder to initiate but releases more energy per unit of fuel than fission. 
B) During nuclear fusion, more than two nuclei of isotopes of light elements are forced together at high temperatures until they fuse and absorb energy. 
C) Controlled nuclear fusion reactors are being tested in California and will probably be ready to come online by the year 2030. 
D) Fusion is the source of energy in the soil.
فتح الحزمة
قم بالتسجيل لفتح البطاقات في هذه المجموعة!
Unlock Deck
Unlock Deck
1/126
auto play flashcards
العب
simple tutorial
ملء الشاشة (f)
exit full mode
Deck 3: Science, systems, matter, and Energy
1
Which statement describes the scientific process? 

A) Established scientific theories are not challenged and continue to hold true. 
B) Advances in science are never based on disagreement, speculation, and controversy. 
C) Science is the acceptance of what works and the rejection of what does not work. 
D) Scientific laws and theories are based on certainties, not statistical probabilities.
C
2
Which means do scientists use to reduce errors in their observations and measurements? 

A) taking measurement only once and using that value 
B) testing measuring devices against known samples 
C) testing measuring devices against unknown samples 
D) using procedures that are not standardized
B
3
When are mathematical models most useful? 

A) when controlled experiments are impossible 
B) when controlled experiments are very easy to perform 
C) when responses to causing events show no variability 
D) when there are a few interacting variables
A
4
Which of the following is characteristic of a system? 

A) A system functions in a regular and predictable manner. 
B) A system consists solely of inputs and outputs. 
C) A system cannot be accurately modeled. 
D) A system is highly random in its function.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
5
Which question is a scientist most likely to ask? 

A) How many times should we run this experiment? 
B) What is the meaning of life for humans? 
C) What new hypothesis can be drawn to test this experiment? 
D) How can these scientific laws be formulated to use the data?
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
6
Which model is the most useful for perceiving and predicting events in the environmental arena? 

A) a conceptual model 
B) a mathematical model 
C) a physical model 
D) a mental model
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
7
Which behaviour would be most appreciated by the scientific community? 

A) observing patterns in an artificial environment 
B) overstating a claim 
C) understating a claim 
D) hypothesizing about evidence
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
8
Which statement best characterizes the effect of human events on the environment? 

A) Feedback is usually immediate. 
B) It is predicted that the environment is diverse. 
C) Long delays exist between events and responses. 
D) Our generalizations are based upon many experiences.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
9
Which statement most accurately describes frontier science? 

A) Frontier science can lead the public to think that science has all the answers. 
B) Frontier science often deals with untested models and hypotheses. 
C) Frontier science is used in remote places. 
D) Frontier science often deals with well-documented data.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
10
Which model is most likely to be used in the scientific process? 

A) a religious model 
B) a facility model 
C) a theological model 
D) a biological model
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
11
What is one example of a positive feedback loop? 

A) a temperature-regulating system 
B) compound interest in a savings account 
C) recycling aluminum cans 
D) a thermostat
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
12
What is one example of a negative feedback loop? 

A) a thermostat that maintains a certain temperature in your house 
B) sweating to heat your body up during and after vigorous exercise 
C) exponential population growth 
D) the accelerating gain of heat as a pan of hot water is removed from the stove
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
13
What type of models do weather forecasters rely on? 

A) complicated theological models 
B) complicated conceptual models 
C) complicated mathematical models 
D) complicated mental models
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
14
Which source is best to consult in order to learn more about what scientists generally agree on? 

A) Popular Science 
B) CNN 
C) newspaper headlines 
D) Canadian Journal of Zoology publications
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
15
Which statement is most likely to be said by a scientist? 

A) I'd like to offer an alternative hypothesis to explain the data. 
B) Perhaps you are right. But I think the data more strongly support a different view. 
C) That seems a plausible model of the system we are studying. 
D) We should design an experiment to test this hypothesis.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
16
What is required to discover and formulate a scientific law? 

A) fabrication 
B) lack of knowledge 
C) fairy tales 
D) use of scientific methods
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
17
What does a positive feedback loop do? 

A) A positive feedback loop accelerates change and goes on infinitely. 
B) A positive feedback loop slows down change and goes on infinitely. 
C) A positive feedback loop slows down change and is finite. 
D) A positive feedback loop accelerates change and is finite.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
18
What is one example of a negative feedback loop? 

A) chaos 
B) leverage 
C) secretion of certain enzymes increase the rate of certain chemical reactions 
D) the human body sweating in response to heat
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
19
Which description represents a system? 

A) multiple mathematical equations used to describe the behaviour of multiple observations 
B) a set of components that function and interact in some regular and theoretically understandable manner 
C) a physical model that has positive and negative feedback loops that proves a scientific hypothesis 
D) a conceptual model that proves a scientific hypothesis
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
20
Which of the following is the best definition of science? 

A) Science is a collection of facts determined by scientific methods. 
B) Science studies the past to predict the future. 
C) Science attempts to discover order in nature to interpret the past. 
D) Science uses data to formulate scientific laws that become the basis for making predictions.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
21
Which statement is the best definition of matter? 

A) Matter has the capacity to change in form. 
B) Matter has the ability to produce change. 
C) Matter has mass and occupies space. 
D) Matter has the capacity to do work.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
22
Which situation involves a long time delay that results in environmental degradation? 

A) depletion of the ozone layer 
B) clear-cutting a forest 
C) marine oil spills 
D) building new four-lane highways
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
23
What is the nature of liquids,solids,and gases? 

A) they are chemical forms of matter 
B) they are compounds 
C) they are physical states of matter 
D) they are mixtures
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
24
Which of the following is an element? 

A) compound 
B) soil 
C) water 
D) nitrogen
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
25
Which term best defines a situation where two or more processes interact such that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects? 

A) a chaotic interaction 
B) a homeostatic interaction 
C) a negative feedback interaction 
D) a synergistic interaction
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
26
How do isotopes differ from each other? 

A) by their number of protons 
B) by their number of neutrons 
C) by their number of ions 
D) by their number of atoms
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
27
What is the electronic charge of an ion? 

A) a net negative charge 
B) no charge 
C) a net positive charge 
D) a net positive or a net negative charge
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
28
The community knew the effects of Chemical X and Chemical Y when used independently of one another.Safe limits were set for the use of each chemical.When both chemicals were released into the environment at their safe levels,but at the same time and location,massive quantities of fish died.What is the most probable explanation for this occurrence? 

A) negative feedback 
B) synergistic interaction 
C) positive feedback 
D) homeostasis
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
29
What is the name of the forces of attraction between water molecules? 

A) compound bonds 
B) covalent bonds 
C) hydrogen bonds 
D) ionic bonds
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
30
Which of the following is an example of a time delay? 

A) A fox eats a rabbit. 
B) A smoker develops lung cancer. 
C) A largemouth bass eats a salmon fry. 
D) Higher altitude causes oxygen deficiency.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
31
How many H+ ions are there in a solution with a ph of 6 compared to a solution with a ph of 8? 

A) 2000 less 
B) 2000 more 
C) 100 less 
D) 100 more
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
32
What does the term atomic number refer to? 

A) the number of atoms in a molecule 
B) the number of protons in an atom 
C) the number of electrons in an atom 
D) the number of neutrons in a molecule
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
33
What is one distinctive building block of matter? 

A) compound 
B) mixture 
C) element 
D) isotope
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
34
What are protons,neutrons,and electrons examples of? 

A) negative ions 
B) forms of energy 
C) subatomic particles 
D) charged particles
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
35
What does the space occupied by an atom mostly consist of? 

A) protons 
B) nothing 
C) neutrons 
D) electrons
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
36
A driver and passenger were stopped by a fallen tree across the road.Although neither could move the tree alone,together they moved it off the road.Which concept best describes their solution? 

A) homeostatic interaction 
B) positive feedback interaction 
C) synergistic interaction 
D) chaotic interaction
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
37
Which statement is the best example of - a synergistic interaction? 

A) The combined effects of alcohol and a depressant produce a greater effect than would be expected from adding their individual effects. 
B) When the exponential growth of the human population exceeds the carrying capacity, a massive dieback will occur. 
C) The use of alcohol reduces the effectiveness of a blood thinner. 
D) Secondary smoke may increase chances of lung cancer in a nonsmoker.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
38
Which of the following best describes N2 and O₂? 

A) molecules consisting of two elements of the same compound 
B) molecules consisting of two atoms of the same element 
C) compounds consisting of two different elements 
D) elements consisting of a compound and an ion
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
39
Which statement best describes a synergistic effect? 

A) It induces a positive feedback loop and results in continued interaction. 
B) It occurs when two or more factors interact to produce a greater effect than each would have produced separately. 
C) It results in a time delay. 
D) It occurs when two or more factors interact to produce a lesser effect than each would have produced separately.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
40
What is atomic mass equal to? 

A) the sum of the neutrons and protons 
B) the sum of the neutrons and isotopes 
C) the sum of the neutrons and electrons 
D) the sum of the protons, neutrons, and electrons
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
41
What uses low-quality energy? 

A) electric motors 
B) furnaces for space heating 
C) gas combustion engines 
D) stoves for cooking
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
42
Which complex compound is matched with its correct building block? 

A) proteins-fatty acids 
B) nucleic acids-monosaccharides 
C) chromosomes-proteins 
D) complex carbohydrates-simple sugars such as glucose
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
43
The manufacture of one plastic soda pop bottle requires the consumption of approximately 100 litres of crude oil,100 kilograms of steel,100 litres of water,and various amounts of other materials.Which statement best describes this situation? 

A) Plastic bottles have a low material efficiency. 
B) Plastic bottles have a high resource productivity. 
C) Most of the matter used to manufacture plastic bottles ends up in the bottle. 
D) Plastic bottles represent an efficient use of resources.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
44
What is present in all organic compounds? 

A) hydrogen 
B) carbon 
C) oxygen 
D) nitrogen
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
45
What is the relative energy quality of normal sunlight? 

A) very high 
B) low 
C) high 
D) moderate
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
46
The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation released by the sun consists mostly of what type of radiation? 

A) gamma rays 
B) ultraviolet waves 
C) visible waves 
D) infrared waves
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
47
What is included in all organic compounds? 

A) cadmium 
B) hydrocarbons 
C) hydro-oxygens 
D) carbon dioxide
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
48
What is the best example of low-quality energy? 

A) electricity 
B) nuclei of uranium-235 
C) coal 
D) heat in the ocean
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
49
Which statement is a valid conclusion based on the law of conservation of matter? 

A) Everything we've thrown away is still here in one form or another. 
B) We will eventually run out of matter if we keep consuming it at current rates. 
C) Pollution can be eliminated completely. 
D) We can throw everything away.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
50
Which source of energy will most likely provide high-temperature industrial heat? 

A) high velocity water flow 
B) hydrogen gas 
C) concentrated sunlight 
D) concentrated geothermal
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
51
Which of the following is an example of potential energy? 

A) chemical energy in a chocolate bar 
B) electricity flowing through a wire 
C) a leaf falling from a tree 
D) a bullet fired at high velocity
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
52
Which term best describes what H₂O and NaCl are? 

A) organic compounds 
B) inorganic compounds 
C) mixtures 
D) elements
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
53
Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? 

A) a chunk of coal 
B) a stick of dynamite 
C) a falling rock 
D) a pellet of uranium oxide
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
54
How do scientists classify energy? 

A) as either potential or mechanical 
B) as either potential or kinetic 
C) as either chemical or physical 
D) as either kinetic or mechanical
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
55
What is the relative energy quality of electricity? 

A) very high 
B) high 
C) low 
D) moderate
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
56
Which of the following is an example of ionizing radiation? 

A) microwaves 
B) gamma rays 
C) infrared waves 
D) visible waves
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
57
Which molecule might experience a mutation that could be passed from one generation to the next? 

A) protein 
B) hydrocarbon 
C) DNA 
D) carbohydrate
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
58
Which statement is an example of a physical change? 

A) A chunk of coal is burned to produce carbon dioxide. 
B) In the troposphere, sulphur dioxide and water vapour reacts to produce sulphuric acid. 
C) A plant converts carbon dioxide into carbohydrate. 
D) Confetti is cut from pieces of paper.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
59
Which source of iron would be of the highest quality? 

A) deposits on the ocean floor 
B) a large, scrap metal junkyard 
C) a field of spinach 
D) a 0.5-mile deep deposit
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
60
What is the best definition of energy? 

A) Energy is the movement of molecules. 
B) Energy is the random motion of molecules. 
C) Energy is the ability to do work and transfer heat. 
D) Energy is a force that is exerted over some distance.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
61
What is the main use of radioisotopes? 

A) cancer therapy 
B) as garden insecticides 
C) to stop pollution 
D) as agricultural herbicides
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
62
What is characteristic of physical and chemical reactions? 

A) They involve changes in energy, but not in matter. 
B) They involve changes in matter, but not energy. 
C) They always require energy. 
D) They sometimes emit energy.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
63
Which matter is broken down by biological action? 

A) uranium 
B) plastic toys 
C) litter in the environment 
D) lead and mercury
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
64
Which statement applies to the second law of thermodynamics? 

A) Energy conversion results in less dispersed energy. 
B) Heat is usually given off from energy conversions. 
C) Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
D) Energy conversion results in higher quality energy.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
65
Which law of physics governs nuclear changes? 

A) law of conservation of matter and energy 
B) law of entropy 
C) law of conservation of energy 
D) law of conservation of matter
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
66
Which comparison of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion is correct? 

A) Nuclear fusion produces less energy than nuclear fission. 
B) Nuclear fusion is harder to initiate than nuclear fission. 
C) Nuclear fusion occurs in nuclear power plants, whereas nuclear fission occurs in the sun. 
D) Nuclear fusion occurs in atomic bombs, whereas nuclear fission occurs in hydrogen bombs.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
67
What is the most common form of energy released from radioisotopes? 

A) cosmic rays 
B) ultraviolet rays 
C) gamma rays 
D) x-rays
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
68
What is one defining characteristic of energy input? 

A) Energy input is always equal to energy output. 
B) Energy input is always greater than energy output. 
C) Energy input is usually greater than energy output. 
D) Energy input is usually less than energy output.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
69
What is given off by natural radioactivity? 

A) delta rays 
B) theta particles 
C) epsilon particles 
D) gamma rays
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
70
Which option is most effective for dealing with nondegradable pollutants? 

A) Keep them from getting into the environment. 
B) Remove them from contaminated air. 
C) Remove them from contaminated water. 
D) Remove them from contaminated soil.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
71
What is the first law of thermodynamics? 

A) Energy is neither created nor destroyed. 
B) Energy cannot be recycled. 
C) Doing work always creates heat. 
D) Altering matter is the best source of energy.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
72
Which amount indicates the measurement of pollutants in parts per trillion (ppt)? 

A) one drop in 1 000 000 litres 
B) one drop in 10 000 000 litres 
C) one drop in 100 000 000 litres 
D) one drop in 1 000 000 000 litres
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
73
What type of change converts mass into energy? 

A) physical change 
B) energy change 
C) chemical change 
D) nuclear change
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
74
Which fuel is used in a nuclear reactor? 

A) uranium-500 
B) coal 
C) petroleum 
D) uranium-235
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
75
What is a likely product of a fusion reaction? 

A) alpha particles 
B) helium 
C) tritium 
D) deuterium
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
76
What is Earth essentially an open system for? 

A) energy 
B) matter and energy 
C) neither matter nor energy 
D) matter
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
77
What best characterizes Earth's closed system? 

A) matter and energy 
B) energy 
C) matter 
D) thermodynamics
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
78
Which type of radiation is the most highly penetrating? 

A) alpha 
B) gamma 
C) beta 
D) ultraviolet
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
79
What are the two most common types of ionizing particles emitted by radioactive isotopes? 

A) electrons and protons 
B) alpha and beta particles 
C) gamma and beta particles 
D) gamma and alpha particles
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
80
Which statement about nuclear fusion is correct? 

A) High-temperature fusion is much harder to initiate but releases more energy per unit of fuel than fission. 
B) During nuclear fusion, more than two nuclei of isotopes of light elements are forced together at high temperatures until they fuse and absorb energy. 
C) Controlled nuclear fusion reactors are being tested in California and will probably be ready to come online by the year 2030. 
D) Fusion is the source of energy in the soil.
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.
فتح الحزمة
k this deck
locked card icon
فتح الحزمة
افتح القفل للوصول البطاقات البالغ عددها 126 في هذه المجموعة.