Deck 42: International Law

Question 1

The act of state doctrine provides that the executive branch of one country will not examine the validity of public acts committed by a recognized foreign government within its own territory.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act,a foreign state that waived its immunity by implication is subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S.courts.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When a contract contains a forum selection clause,a lawsuit arising from a dispute under the contract will be heard by a court in the specified forum. 

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Expropriation occurs when a government seizes private property for a proper purpose and awards just compensation. 

Question 5

In direct exporting,a U.S.company signs a sales contract with a foreign purchaser that provides for the conditions of shipment and payment of goods. 

Question 6

Franchising is a form of licensing. 

Question 7

In a joint venture,the parent company in the United States retains complete ownership and authority over all phases of the operation. 

Question 8

A party to a licensing agreement generally agrees to pay royalties on some basis.

Question 9

The simplest way for a U.S.firm to do business in a foreign market is to export its products directly to that market.

Question 10

When a U.S.firm wishes to increase its involvement in an international market,it normally establishes an agency relationship with a foreign firm. 

Question 11

A foreign state is immune from the jurisdiction of U.S.courts as long as the state is involved in commercial activity in the United States.

Question 12

Firms overseas have almost total legal protection against government acts in the countries in which they operate,under the act of state doctrine.

Question 13

International contracts rarely include arbitration clauses. 

Question 14

International law is a body of law that governs relations among nations.

Question 15

The doctrine of sovereign immunity can immunize a foreign nation from the jurisdiction of U.S.courts. 

Question 16

Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act,a foreign state can be a political subdivision of a foreign state. 

Question 17

A treaty is a contract or other agreement between two or more nations that must be ratified by the United Nations to take effect. 

Question 18

Under the principle of comity,all foreign governments are subject to all U.S.laws. 

Question 19

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act spells out what a "foreign state" includes.

Question 20

Confiscation occurs when a government seizes private property for an illegal purpose or without just compensation.

Question 21

Restrictions on imports may not include tariffs. 

Question 22

Some countries provide insurance for their citizens' investments abroad. 

Question 23

Generally,a foreign government cannot sue under U.S.anti-trust laws in U.S.courts. 

Question 24

Foreign exchange markets comprise a worldwide system for buying and selling currency. 

Question 25

In the global environment of business,the law of a particular nation,such as Germany,Japan,or the United States,is classified as​ 

A) ​environmental law. 
B) ​global law. 
C) ​international law. 
D) ​national law.

Question 26

The chief aim of the European Union is to minimize trade barriers among their members. 

Question 27

Restrictions on imports may not include quotas. 

Question 28

Congress can use a variety of devices to restrict or encourage exports. 

Question 29

U.S.laws that prohibit discrimination in employment apply to U.S.employees working for U.S.firms located abroad. 

Question 30

Dumping is the exporting of environmentally polluting goods to a foreign market. 

Question 31

Michael,a citizen of Ireland,and Nina,a citizen of the United States,enter into a contract.When Nina breaches the contract,Michael obtains an award of damages in an Irish court.He asks a U.S.court to enforce the award.The U.S.court defers to and enforces the Irish court's decree.This is​ 

A) ​a travesty of justice. 
B) ​the act of state doctrine. 
C) ​the doctrine of sovereign immunity. 
D) ​the principle of comity.

Question 32

The chief aim of the World Trade Organization is to maximize trade barriers among their members. 

Question 33

A foreign citizen can bring a civil suit in a U.S.court for a violation of an international tort law. 

Question 34

The basis for Mexico to give effect to the laws and court decisions of the United States is primarily​ 

A) ​courtesy and respect. 
B) ​fear and intimidation. 
C) ​admiration and envy. 
D) ​payments of cash and exchanges of property.

Question 35

Few countries guarantee compensation to foreign investors if their property is taken. 

Question 36

Premier Clothing,Inc.,a U.S.firm,obtains a judgment in a U.S.court against Quang Tri,Ltd.,a Vietnamese business.Whether the court's judgment will be enforced by a court in Vietnam depends on the Vietnamese court's application of​ 

A) ​the act of state doctrine. 
B) ​the doctrine of sovereign immunity. 
C) ​the principle of comity. 
D) ​the World Trade Organization.

Question 37

Mountain Mining Company,a U.S.firm,owns property in Bolivia.The government of Bolivia seizes the property for an illegal purpose without paying just compensation.This is​ 

A) ​confiscation. 
B) ​defalcation. 
C) ​dumping. 
D) ​expropriation.

Question 38

Dumping is the sale of imported goods at "less than fair value."​ 

Question 39

The primary goal of the North American Free Trade Agreement is to eliminate tariffs among the United States,Canada,and Mexico. 

Question 40

Quotas are limits on the amounts of goods that can be exported. 

Question 41

The U.S.corporation Burger Heaven makes a deal with an Icelandic firm that allows the Icelandic firm to use Burger Heaven's trade name in Iceland in return for a fee.This is​ 

A) ​a franchise. 
B) ​piracy. 
C) ​a joint venture. 
D) ​direct exporting.

Question 42

AgriWorld,a U.S.firm,owns property in Kenya.The government of Kenya seizes the property.AgriWorld claims that this is confiscation.The government of Kenya claims that it is expropriation.The burden of proof lies with​ 

A) ​the U.S. government. 
B) ​the government of Kenya. 
C) ​AgriWorld. 
D) ​none of the choices.

Question 43

WiFi Corporation,a U.S.firm,signs a contract with Bueno Computadores,Ltd.,an Argentinean firm,for a shipment and payment for WiFi's goods.This is​ 

A) ​a distribution agreement. 
B) ​a joint venture. 
C) ​direct exporting. 
D) ​licensing.

Question 44

Mont Blanc S.A.,a French firm,imports its goods into the United States and offers those goods for sale at "less than fair value." "Fair value" is the price of Mont Blanc's goods in​ 

A) ​the European market. 
B) ​France. 
C) ​the United States. 
D) ​the world market.

Question 45

Quality Energy Company,a U.S.firm,and Royal Petro,a Dutch firm,enter into a contract that includes an arbitration clause.This clause must provide that the arbitrator will be​ 

A) ​any specified third party. 
B) ​the American Arbitration Association. 
C) ​the Dutch Arbitration Organization. 
D) ​the International Chamber of Commerce.

Question 46

Call Center Corporation,a U.S.firm,owns property in India.The government of India seizes the property for a proper public purpose and pays Call Center just compensation.This is​ 

A) ​confiscation. 
B) ​defalcation. 
C) ​dumping. 
D) ​expropriation.

Question 47

Optima Medico Corporation,a U.S.firm,signs a contract with Pharma Beneficial,Ltd.,a Canadian firm,to give Pharma the right to sell Optima's products in Canada.This is​ 

A) ​a distribution agreement. 
B) ​a joint venture. 
C) ​direct exporting. 
D) ​licensing.

Question 48

Telfonix Corporation,a U.S.firm,and Adex,Inc.,a British firm,are parties to a contract with a choice-of-forum clause.The forum specified in the clause must be within the geographic boundaries of​ 

A) ​the United States. 
B) ​Britain. 
C) ​neither the United States nor Britain. 
D) ​either the United States or Britain.

Question 49

Northwest Resources,Inc.,and Midwest Commodities Corporation are exporting firms that join together to export a line of products.Northwest Resources and Midwest Commodities apply to Commerce Bank for a loan to fund their effort.Under federal law,Commerce and other U.S.banks are​ 

A) ​encouraged by credit guaranties to lend such funds. 
B) ​discouraged by administrative rules to make such loans. 
C) ​asked by enforcement agencies to report such requests. 
D) ​banned by statute from opening such credit lines.

Question 50

UniOil,a U.S.firm,owns property in Nicaragua.When the government of Nicaragua seizes the property,UniOil asks a U.S.court to order the property's return.The court rules that Nicaragua is exempt from the court's jurisdiction.This is​ 

A) ​a travesty of justice. 
B) ​the act of state doctrine. 
C) ​the doctrine of sovereign immunity. 
D) ​the principle of comity.

Question 51

Soleful Shoes,Inc.owns property in Kenya.The Kenyan government seizes the property.In order for the seizure to be considered an expropriation and not a confiscation,the Kenyan government must​ 

A) ​pay just compensation to Soleful Shoes. 
B) ​give Soleful Shoes at least 30 days notice of the seizure. 
C) ​give Soleful Shoes at least 90 days notice of the seizure. 
D) ​notify the U.S. government before the seizure.

Question 52

Global Enterprise Corporation,a U.S.firm,wishes to participate,but limit its involvement,in Middle Eastern markets.Global Enterprise empowers Alem,Ltd.,a United Arab Emirates firm,to enter into contracts in certain countries on Global Enterprise's behalf.This is​ 

A) ​a distribution agreement. 
B) ​an agency relationship. 
C) ​indirect exporting. 
D) ​licensing.

Question 53

Global Metals,Inc.,a U.S.firm,wants to file a suit in the United States against a Venezuela government agency,alleging a violation of certain international laws.Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act,the agency is​ 

A) ​not immune from the jurisdiction of U.S. courts. 
B) ​immune from the jurisdiction of U.S. courts. 
C) ​not subject to a suit by any private foreign firm. 
D) ​subject to a suit by a private firm only in Venezuela.

Question 54

Business Universal Corporation,a U.S.firm,establishes a wholly owned subsidiary firm in Brazil.In this situation,Business Universal retains complete control and authority over​ 

A) ​all of the operation. 
B) ​only the part of the operation in the United States. 
C) ​none of the operation. 
D) ​about half of the operation.

Question 55

Wytex,Inc.,a U.S.firm,and Findora Commercial,a Nigerian firm,are parties to a contract that specifies that the official language of the contract is English.This is​ 

A) ​a choice-of-forum clause. 
B) ​a choice-of-language clause. 
C) ​a choice-of-law clause. 
D) ​an arbitration clause.

Question 56

Without permission,a Russian firm names itself McDonald's and begins selling hamburgers and French fries in Russia.This is​ 

A) ​piracy. 
B) ​a licensing agreement. 
C) ​indirect exporting. 
D) ​franchising.

Question 57

Significant business develops in Spain for Graphic Comix,Inc.,a U.S.firm.Graphic Comix appoints Comicas Graphico,Ltd.,a Spanish firm,to act as  Graphic Comix's marketing representative in Spain.This is​ 

A) ​a joint venture. 
B) ​franchising. 
C) ​indirect exporting. 
D) ​licensing.

Question 58

Ecuador seizes the assets of Resourced Oil,Inc.,a U.S.firm.Resourced's recovery from Ecuador in a U.S.court may be prevented by​ 

A) ​the act of state doctrine. 
B) ​the doctrine of sovereign immunity. 
C) ​the North American Free Trade Agreement. 
D) ​the principle of comity.

Question 59

Munchies Bistro Corporation,a U.S.firm,signs a contract with Manger au Brasserie,S.A.,a French firm,to give Manger the right to use Munchies's trademark in restaurants in France.This is​ 

A) ​a distribution agreement. 
B) ​a joint venture. 
C) ​direct exporting. 
D) ​licensing.

Question 60

World Media,Inc.,a U.S.firm,expands into international markets through a joint venture.In the venture,World Media shares responsibilities and​ 

A) ​both the profits and liabilities. 
B) ​none of the profits or liabilities. 
C) ​the profits, but not the liabilities. 
D) ​the liabilities, but not the profits.

Question 61

To obtain a contract with the Chinese government,Digby Engineering Corporation,a U.S.firm,gives a Chinese official a sport utility vehicle.This may violate​ 

A) ​the act of state doctrine. 
B) ​the doctrine of sovereign immunity. 
C) ​the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. 
D) ​the principle of comity.

Question 62

Real World Sports Corporation (RWSC)is a U.S.firm with a workplace in Switzerland.Generally,RWSC must abide by U.S.anti-discrimination laws in Switzerland​ 

A) ​under any circumstances. 
B) ​under no circumstances. 
C) ​unless to do so would contravene the cultural norms of Switzerland. 
D) ​unless to do so would violate the law of Switzerland.

Question 63

The United States taxes each barrel of imported oil at a flat rate.This is​ 

A) ​an antidumping duty. 
B) ​a dumping duty. 
C) ​a quota. 
D) ​a tariff.

Question 64

Bango! Business,Inc.,a U.S.firm,may have committed,in Chile,acts that would constitute,in the United States,violations of U.S.anti-trust laws.These laws apply​ 

A) ​extraterritorially. 
B) ​only to signatories of the North American Free Trade Agreement. 
C) ​only to members of the World Trade Organization. 
D) ​only within U.S. borders.

Question 65

Deep Dark Chocolate,Inc.,a U.S.firm,enters into an agreement with Columbiana Cacao,S.A.,a South American firm,to fix the price of imported chocolate in the U.S.market.If the agreement is a per se violation of U.S.antitrust laws,a U.S.court could exercise jurisdiction over​ 

A) ​Deep and Columbiana. 
B) ​Deep only. 
C) ​Columbiana only. 
D) ​neither Deep nor Columbiana.

Question 66

Suisse Internationale,a Swiss maker of athletic equipment,enters into a price fixing agreement with Total World Sports,a U.S.wholesaler of Suisse's products.U.S.courts will apply U.S.antitrust laws if​ 

A) ​the agreement was made in Switzerland. 
B) ​the agreement was made in the United States. 
C) ​the price fixing has a substantial effect on U.S. commerce. 
D) ​the Swiss government agrees to be sued in the United States.

Question 67

Nakeya and other foreign citizens allege environmental destruction committed overseas by the government of Cameroon on behalf of Deep Mining Company,a U.S.firm.To seek redress for their injuries in a U.S.court,these citizens can​ 

A) ​subject the private company to the provisions of the Sherman Act. 
B) ​bring civil suits under the Alien Tort Claims Act. 
C) ​file criminal complaints under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. 
D) ​do nothing.

Question 68

The government of Japan sets a limit on the amount of rice that can be imported from the United States.This is​ 

A) ​a dumping duty. 
B) ​an antidumping duty. 
C) ​a quota. 
D) ​a tariff.

Question 69

Hong Ltd.,a Chinese firm,imports its goods into the United States and offers those goods for sale at "less than fair value." This is​ 

A) ​confiscation. 
B) ​defalcation. 
C) ​dumping. 
D) ​expropriation.

Question 70

The management of Sport Shoes Corporation,a U.S.firm,wants to expand into foreign investment and employment markets.They are considering either opening their own production facility in a foreign country or entering into a licensing agreement with a foreign firm.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these courses of action?​

Question 71

Jackson,or any U.S.citizen,can bring a civil suit in a U.S.court against a foreign entity​ 

A) ​for a tort allegedly committed in the United States only. 
B) ​for a tort allegedly committed in the United States or overseas. 
C) ​for a tort allegedly committed overseas only. 
D) ​under no circumstances.

Question 72

Global Industries Corporation owns assets in Kazakhstan,a country in Asia.The government of Kazakhstan wants to nationalize all assets owned by foreign firms and investors.What can Global Industries do? Can it at least obtain payment for the assets?​