Deck 7: Stress and Well-Being at Work

Question 1

The adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, and organizational consequence that may occur as a result of stressful events is known as:

A)distress
B)the stressor
C)the stress response
D)anxiety disorder

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The person-environment approach to stress emphasizes the:

A)fit between external and internal role expectations
B)belief that effort will lead to performance
C)notion that perception and cognitive evaluations of situations differ and accordingly stress is mostly determined by perception
D)idea that the fit between a person's self-image or concept and their ideal generates large stress when there is lack of fit

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The person-environment fit approach to studying and understanding stress emphasizes:

A)homeostasis
B)cognitive appraisal of the stress situation
C)ego involvement
D)social and organizational role stress

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The approach to stress that is based on the concept of homeostasis is known as:

A)physiological
B)psychoanalytical
C)social psychological
D)psychological-cognitive

Question 5

Work demands can be a major source of work stress. Researchers have categorized work stressors as "challenge" stressors or "hindrance" stressors. All of the following are "challenge" stressors Except:

A)time pressure
B)job responsibility
C)amount of red tape required to get through to accomplish the job
D)work quantity

Question 6

The psychoanalytic approach to stress most likely includes which of the following personality dimensions?

A)self-monitoring
B)internal/external control
C)self-efficacy
D)self-esteem

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of stress at work?

A)task demands
B)interpersonal demands
C)psychological demands
D)role demands

Question 8

Which of the following persons is most closely associated with the homeostatic and medical approach to stress?

A)Richard Lazarus
B)Harry Levinson
C)Walter B.Cannon
D)Robert Kahn

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a mind-body change associated with stress?

A)redirection of blood to brain and large muscle groups
B)increased sensory alertness
C)release of glucose into bloodstream
D)normal physical fatigue

Question 10

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)The approach to stress will determine the stress response sequence.
B)It is clear that perceptions lead to behavior, and consequently the stress response sequence is based on cognition that results in the release of chemical messengers.
C)The stress response begins with the release of chemical messengers, primarily adrenaline, into the bloodstream.
D)Researchers have not spent time characterizing when the stress response begins but have rather focused on the results.

Question 11

The medical approach to stress is most similar to:

A)the person-environment fit approach
B)the cognitive appraisal approach
C)the psychoanalytic approach
D)homeostatic approach

Question 12

Organizations need to be sensitive to sources of stress, which include all of the following except:

A)work
B)nonwork
C)global
D)domestic

Question 13

Utilizing the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes:

A)managing your response
B)managing the stressor
C)managing the set of role expectations such that there is a good person-situation fit
D)managing the gap between your ego-ideal and real self-image

Question 14

The unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand is known as:

A)avoidance
B)instinct
C)arousal
D)stress

Question 15

Task demands include all of the following except:

A)leadership style
B)lack of control
C)work overload
D)uncertainty

Question 16

Strain is the same as:

A)stress
B)distress
C)eustress
D)tension

Question 17

The fight-or-flight stress response is most closely associated with which approach to stress?

A)homeostatic
B)cognitive appraisal
C)person-environment fit
D)psychoanalytic

Question 18

The demand, person, activity, or event that triggers an uncomfortable encounter is known as:

A)stress
B)distress
C)the stressor
D)strain

Question 19

Groupon recognizes that talking to customers, building relationships, and maintaining those relationships are challenging and stressful but keys to the success of the business. Groupon employs a 300 person customer service department in Chicago and 700 additional customer service employees across the world. This is a big commitment and sends the clear message Groupon is managing customer service stress through:

A)self service technology
B)personal relationships
C)off shore call centers
D)All of the above

Question 20

The Real World feature 7.1 revealed the impact of work stress and ultimate resignation of Pfizer CEO Jeff Kindler. Kindler's sources of stress included all of the following Except:

A)lack of control
B)heavy workload
C)lack of internal operational support (No COO)
D)technostress

Question 21

Two of the most stressful demands people face at work are:

A)change and heavy workload
B)lack of control and heavy workload
C)change and lack of control
D)change and lack of clear direction

Question 22

Role ambiguity is:

A)the difficulty stemming from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict
B)conflicting expectations within a single role
C)the difficulty a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values
D)the confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others

Question 23

Benefits of eustress include all of the following except:

A)increased arousal
B)bursts of physical strength
C)cardiovascular efficiency
D)overstimulation

Question 24

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests the relationship between stress level and performance arousal is:

A)u-shaped
B)linear and negative
C)bell-shaped
D)depends on the person

Question 25

The two major categories of "role stress" at work include:

A)role conflict and role overload
B)role conflict and role ambiguity
C)role ambiguity and role overload
D)role overload and ethical conflict

Question 26

Organizational costs of distress may take the form of all of the following except:

A)performance loss
B)interpersonal conflicts
C)sabotage
D)medical illness

Question 27

An employee with a major sales presentation on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience:

A)interrole conflict
B)intrarole conflict
C)person-role conflict
D)role ambiguity

Question 28

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that:

A)initial stress (or the onset of stress) causes performance to drop significantly
B)in the midrange of the stress-performance curve, performance tends to be greatest
C)stress and performance are unrelated
D)stress and performance are inversely related

Question 29

Role conflict results from:

A)lack of control
B)role ambiguity
C)work overload
D)inconsistent expectations

Question 30

A recent study that examined the experiences of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload for middle managers across 21 nations revealed:

A)there is rather high cross-cultural consistency in the amount of stress generated by these three variables
B)role stress varied more by demographic factors than country or organizational factors
C)role stress varied more by organizational factors than country or demographic factors
D)role stress varied more by country than by demographic or organizational factors

Question 31

The most notable self-imposed personal demand is probably:

A)child rearing
B)workaholism
C)civic duties
D)being a perfectionist

Question 32

A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer.This is an example of:

A)role ambiguity
B)person-role conflict
C)interrole conflict
D)non-role conflict

Question 33

Healthy or normal stress is known as:

A)stressless
B)nostress
C)eustress
D)normstress

Question 34

All of the following would be considered a source of stress due to interpersonal demands except:

A)role ambiguity
B)functional diversity
C)leadership style
D)sexual harassment

Question 35

Research concerning job characteristics has found that a greater likelihood of heart attack in men occurred with:

A)high job demands and high job autonomy
B)low job demands and high job autonomy
C)high job demands and low job autonomy
D)low job demands and low job autonomy

Question 36

The study of fit between person (employee) and machine is:

A)performance appraisal
B)job design
C)operant conditioning
D)ergonomics

Question 37

All of the following are stress-related interpersonal demands of the workplace except:

A)an authoritarian leadership style
B)sexual harassment
C)emotional toxins
D)intrarole conflict

Question 38

A manager who presses employees for both very fast work and high-quality work would likely cause:

A)interrole conflict
B)intrarole conflict
C)person-role conflict
D)role ambiguity

Question 39

Psychosomatic disorders:

A)are a form of burnout
B)lead to obsessive behavior
C)are physical ailments that begin in the mind
D)can always be traced to the work situation

Question 40

All of the following are approaches, services, or work arrangements intended to minimize the impact of nonwork demands on work except:

A)flextime scheduling
B)job sharing
C)telecommuting
D)mentoring

Question 41

The text states that the same stressful events may lead to distress and strain for one person and to excitement and healthy results for another. The Science feature of Chapter 7 reported the results of whether the effect of interpersonal conflict on employee affective distress reaction could be moderated by personality agreeableness and social support. Which of the following statements was not supported by this study?

A)interpersonal conflict serves as a stressor for all individuals and agreeableness and social support can moderate the impact on affective distress responses
B)agreeable individuals expressed less negative affect than those with less agreeable dispositions
C)social support was found to moderate the negative effects of interpersonal conflict
D)agreeable individuals were less distressed in the face of interpersonal conflict than less agreeable individuals

Question 42

A manager's decision to reduce task demands in a stress management situation is:

A)symptom directed
B)secondary prevention
C)stressor directed
D)asymptomatic

Question 43

Secondary prevention is intended to:

A)reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand causing stress
B)alter or modify the individual's or the organization's response to a demand
C)heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain
D)eliminate key environmental sources of stress or provide direct intervention to reduce the source of the stress

Question 44

Self-reliance is a healthy, secure, _____ pattern of behavior.

A)overdependent
B)counterdependent
C)psychologically distant
D)interdependent

Question 45

The stress-handling strategy that is considered an alternative to transformational coping and may lead to short-term stress reduction at the cost of long-term healthy life adjustment is:

A)tertiary prevention
B)counterdependence
C)regressive coping
D)stress avoidance and withdrawal

Question 46

The three forms of individual distress include:

A)psychological, medical, and behavioral problems
B)participation problems, performance decrements, and compensations deficit
C)work-related, stress-related, and organizational
D)personal, interpersonal, and intrapersonal

Question 47

A positive consequence of organizational distress may take the form of:

A)performance decrements
B)absenteeism
C)employee work stoppage
D)functional turnover

Question 48

Job redesign as a stress prevention method may involve any one or all of the following except:

A)changing the schedule of work and the sequencing of tasks
B)giving the worker inspection responsibility or expanding the employee's job decision latitude
C)reducing job tasks
D)setting output goals

Question 49

Which of the following situations would result in the individual being most at risk of health disorders?

A)Type A individuals in Type B organizations
B)Type B individuals in Type A organizations
C)Type B individuals in Type B organizations
D)Type A individuals in Type A organizations

Question 50

A personality that tends to be resistant to distress is:

A)overdependent
B)Type A in nature
C)counterdependent
D)hardy

Question 51

As a supervisor of claim adjusters for a property and casualty insurance company, you assign and reassign adjusters to handle routine and emergency situations.Your managerial skills have become severely tested because several adjusters, after short-term emergency assignments, are threatening to quit.What short-term approach to their stressful situation would be most appropriate?

A)Reduce task demands and make sure no adjuster works more than five days a week.
B)Place them on sick leave or provide immediate comp time.
C)Arrange for psychological counseling.
D)Rotate them back to their home location and place them on medical leave.

Question 52

An individual who is relatively good at transformational coping is/has:

A)an external locus of control
B)overdependent
C)a hardy personality
D)a low tolerance for ambiguity

Question 53

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called:

A)primary prevention
B)secondary prevention
C)tertiary prevention
D)job redesign

Question 54

Assume you are a supervisor of ten employees, one of whom is clearly a Type A personality.Which of the following approaches would you follow to effectively manage this employee?

A)Frequently remind the employee about schedules and deadlines.
B)Try to maintain a certain level of conflict with the employee because this will stimulate higher performance.
C)Keep the employee very busy by adding tasks and projects to the person's workload.
D)Assist the employee through encouraging time management applications and convincing the person to pace him or herself.

Question 55

Evaluative feedback is an aspect of a(n) _____ approach to stress prevention.

A)social support system
B)focal role definition
C)task specification
D)uncertainty reduction

Question 56

Three direct costs of organizational distress include:

A)participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards
B)functional turnover, performance variation, and compensation awards
C)functional turnover, participation problems, and compensation awards
D)performance variation, participation problems, and compensation awards

Question 57

Costs associated with absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as:

A)performance decrements
B)participation problems
C)unrealistic job interview problems
D)intrarole conflict

Question 58

Individuals possessing a Type A personality:

A)are socially secure
B)are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks
C)may become aggressive, even somewhat hostile when faced with conflict and other work-related difficulties
D)tend to be relatively calm in difficult situations

Question 59

Job redesign, goal setting, and career management would be organizational stress prevention strategies applied at which stage of prevention?

A)escalating stage
B)primary stage
C)reduction stage
D)secondary stage

Question 60

A secondary prevention method of organizational stress is:

A)job redesign
B)role negotiation
C)goal setting
D)team building

Question 61

The stress response can activate some bodily systems and cause others to operate at reduced capacity.

Question 62

Individuals who display hardiness tend to be Type A personalities.

Question 63

It is unfortunate that stress carries a negative connotation as though it were something to be avoided.

Question 64

An employee assistance program is:

A)an individual prevention approach to stress relief or reduction
B)a first level or primary stress prevention approach
C)an organizational approach to stress reduction
D)normally an aftercare program for employee drug abusers

Question 65

The biggest benefits of physical exercise come as a result of:

A)outside exercise that exposes you to sunshine which is linked to serotonin generation
B)low intensity exercise
C)exercising longer than 15 or 20 minutes
D)physical activities such as racquetball, squash, tennis, running

Question 66

According to Harry Levinson and Freudian psychoanalytic theory, self-image is the embodiment of a person's perfect self.

Question 67

Men and women have different vulnerabilities to stress.

Question 68

JM Family Enterprises Inc.reflects an organization's efforts to actively prevent distress and enhance positive well being according to Real World feature 7.2. JM Family has emphasized which of the following?

A)the secondary prevention of time management
B)the tertiary prevention of providing professional help
C)the secondary prevention of physical exercise
D)the primary prevention of positive thinking through training

Question 69

The fight-or-flight response to stress is based on an environmental demand that upsets a person's natural steady state according to the homeostatic approach.

Question 70

Employee assistance programs have been designed in part to provide help to employees in coping with nonwork demands.

Question 71

A commonly used secondary individual stress prevention is:

A)time management
B)leisure time pursuits
C)learned optimism
D)physical exercise

Question 72

Self-reliant individuals tend to be better at transformational coping.

Question 73

Research at the Cooper Aerobics Center has made three important findings regarding physical exercise and stress prevention. All of the following statements were supported by this research Except:

A)aerobically fit people have lower levels of adrenaline in their blood at rest
B)aerobically fit people have a slower, stronger heart functioning
C)aerobically fit people recover from stressful events more quickly
D)aerobically fit people show less cholesterol in their blood

Question 74

Primary stress prevention is designed to reduce and possibly eliminate the source of stress, or the stressor.

Question 75

Most organizational prevention is:

A)secondary
B)primary
C)tertiary
D)too late

Question 76

The job strain model presented in your text suggests:

A)high job demands lead to a high-strain job
B)low self-determination leads to a high-strain job
C)an active job is associated with high strain
D)that the combination of high job demand and restricted job decision latitude leads to a high-strain job

Question 77

Learned optimism is:

A)a secondary individual stress prevention method
B)the planning and prioritizing of tasks
C)is non-negative thinking
D)is a strong Type A personality characteristic

Question 78

Problem-focused coping focuses on managing and controlling the stressor.

Question 79

Role ambiguity and task uncertainty both indicate lack of information.

Question 80

Type B personalities display insecure behavior and may respond aggressively in conflict situations.