Deck 17: Juvenile Courts

Question 1

Juvenile courts frequently deal with

A)waived or certified children
B)transferred and indicted children
C)children in need of supervision
D)forfeited or mandated children

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The largest category of juvenile cases is

A)delinquency.
B)status offenses.
C)children in need of supervision.
D)none of these answers is correct.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Truancy and curfew violations are examples of

A)delinquent acts.
B)status offenses.
C)minor infractions.
D)violations.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An increase in the public's fear of juvenile crime has led to what?

A)more treatment for juveniles
B)a get tough attitude towards juveniles
C)a movement towards restorative justice for juveniles
D)a rehabilitative attitude towards juveniles

Question 5

The Progressive and juvenile court movements began around

A)1825.
B)1890.
C)1930.
D)1950.

Question 6

Juvenile court statutes set forth two standards for deciding the appropriate disposition for a child: the best interests of the child and the best interests of…

A)the family
B)the community
C)the court
D)the victim

Question 7

Juveniles were denied the right to a jury trial by the Supreme Court in 1971 in what case?

A)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
B)O'Connor v.Pennsylvania
C)Pittman v.Pennsylvania
D)Solis v.Pennsylvania

Question 8

What act mandated deinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders?

A)The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
B)The Juvenile Justice Care and Protection
C)The Parens Patriae Act
D)The Juvenile Assistance Act

Question 9

What 1967 U.S.Supreme Court held that juvenile courts must provide due process protections?

A)Robinson
B)Cramer
C)Altgelt
D)Gault

Question 10

The due process model starts with the premise that crime is a reflection of

A)social problems
B)family problems
C)moral problems
D)religious problems

Question 11

Most states consider children to be juveniles until they reach what birthday?

A)17
B)18
C)19
D)21

Question 12

What kind of offense is a violation of criminal law that would be a crime if committed by an adult?

A)status offense
B)delinquent act
C)transgression
D)dereliction

Question 13

Which of the following is not a traditional aspect of juvenile court proceedings?

A)informal proceedings
B)proceedings that are open to the public
C)proceedings that are based on civil law
D)a lack [or absence] of jury trials

Question 14

The crime control model begins with the premise that crime is the product of

A)moral breakdown
B)justice breakdown
C)divorce
D)family breakdown

Question 15

Automatic waivers are built on what premise?

A)some juveniles need to go to jail
B)once an adult always an adult
C)some juveniles who have been waived deserve a second chance
D)some juveniles should not be waived to adult court

Question 16

Juvenile court matters fall into how many different categories of supervision?

A)one
B)four
C)two
D)three

Question 17

Court reformers recommend that juvenile court be part of

A)family court
B)civil court
C)trial court
D)adult court

Question 18

What state supreme court ruled that juvenile have the constitutional right to a trial by jury?

A)California
B)Iowa
C)Missouri
D)Kansas

Question 19

What type of sentence offers some of the benefits of juvenile and adults courts but also allows for rehabilitation and redemption?

A)reverse sentencing
B)minimum mandatory sentencing
C)automatic sentencing
D)blended sentencing

Question 20

Juvenile courts' interventions in the lives of children and families was based on the legal doctrine of

A)res ipsa loquitir.
B)ipse dixit.
C)parens patriae.
D)patriae familiae.

Question 21

What case held that the death penalty may not be imposed on offenders who commit crimes before they are 18??

A)in re Gault
B)In re Winship
C)Thompson v.Oklahoma
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 22

Less serious juvenile cases are handled…

A)informally
B)through family court
C)formally
D)through probationary court

Question 23

The absence of jury trials in juvenile court reinforces what about the proceedings?

A)the formal nature of the proceedings
B)the family nature of the proceedings
C)the informal nature of the proceedings
D)the restorative nature of the proceedings

Question 24

The Progressives' efforts to save the children of the urban masses reflected

A)a major shift in thinking about children.
B)a minor shift in thinking about children.
C)the typical thinking at the time about children.
D)no change in thinking about children.

Question 25

The charging document in juvenile court is called the

A)petition.
B)evidentiary record.
C)information.
D)summons papers.

Question 26

Juveniles courts today blend what two types of law?

A)criminal and family law
B)civil and family law
C)criminal and civil law
D)child and family law

Question 27

The shift in thinking at the end of 19ᵗʰ century regarding children meant that parents

A)were no longer considered to have sole and exclusive legal responsibility over their children.
B)were considered to have sole and exclusive legal responsibility over their children.
C)were legally responsible for their children's behavior.
D)must provide for their children.

Question 28

Within a generation, many of the social forces unleashed by the Progressives would lead to

A)Prohibition.
B)World War I.
C)a new era in corrections.
D)none of these answers is correct.

Question 29

When does charging occur in juvenile court?

A)during the bail hearing
B)during the case processing
C)during the arraignment
D)during the intake decision

Question 30

The Progressives were primarily

A)lower class
B)middle class
C)upper class
D)None of these answers is correct

Question 31

Delinquency cases begin with a referral. Most referrals come from

A)parents unable to control their children.
B)teachers and other school officials (e.g., guidance counselors and principals).
C)arrests made by law enforcement personnel.
D)health and human services personnel.

Question 32

Of the delinquency cases brought to the attention of the juvenile court, approximately what percentage are handled formally by the juvenile court?

A)40
B)54
C)74
D)90

Question 33

What doctrine allowed the Progressives to use the juvenile court to help children?

A)res ipsa loquitir.
B)stare decisis.
C)parens patriae.
D)patriae familiae.

Question 34

Approximately how many delinquency cases are heard in juvenile court each year?

A)100,000
B)385,000
C)2 million
D)2.2 million

Question 35

Under what legal doctrine can the government intervene to protect the child if the parents are failing in their responsibilities?

A)res ipsa loquitir.
B)ipse dixit.
C)parens patriae.
D)patriae familiae.

Question 36

What was the charge against Gerald Gault?

A)making a lewd phone call
B)Murder
C)stealing a car
D)armed robbery

Question 37

The terminology in juvenile court reflects what?

A)that it is based on civil law
B)that it is based on common law
C)that it is based on civil law
D)that it is based on family law

Question 38

In contrast to the criminal courtroom work group, in the juvenile courtroom work group

A)the judge has less discretion.
B)the prosecutor has little power.
C)defense attorneys have more power.
D)probation officers play a greater role.

Question 39

The American Civil Liberties Union outlined three priorities for the juvenile justice system. What was the first priority?

A)keep children out of the criminal justice system
B)protect the rights of incarcerated children
C)reintegrate juvenile delinquents into communities
D)place troubled youth in mental health facilities

Question 40

The "trial" to determine whether a youth is guilty or not guilty is called what in juvenile court?

A)initial hearing
B)detention hearing
C)adjudicatory hearing
D)conference hearing

Question 41

What types of waiver laws permit-and sometimes even require-juvenile court judges to transfer a juvenile to adult court for criminal prosecution?

A)judicial waiver laws
B)statutory waiver laws
C)prosecutorial waiver laws
D)automatic waiver laws

Question 42

Gault and subsequent cases signaled that the juvenile court must become a real court and its procedures must be regularized in accordance with

A)constitutional requirements.
B)parens patriae.
C)civil law.
D)criminal rules of procedure.

Question 43

Juveniles accused of serious offenses, or who have a history of repeated offenses, may be tried as adults.

Question 44

In what case following In re Gault did the Court hold that a juvenile is charged with an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult, then every element of that criminal act must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt?

A)In re Winship.
B)In re L.M.
C)In re McKeiver.
D)In re Schall.

Question 45

In status offenses, the child is charged with violation of a criminal law that is not based on age.

Question 46

The three major categories of juvenile court cases are delinquency, status offenses, and children in need of supervision.

Question 47

Parental rights may be terminated altogether if a juvenile court judge determines that the parents failed in their responsibility to raise a child properly.

Question 48

Prosecutorial waivers are sometimes called

A)concurrent jurisdiction waivers
B)conjective jurisdiction waivers
C)consecutive jurisdiction waivers
D)comprehensive jurisdiction waivers

Question 49

In juvenile court, petition cases are handle formally.

Question 50

In the juvenile justice system, parents are considered to have sole and exclusive legal responsibility over their children.

Question 51

The child-saving movement believed that juveniles needed treatment.

Question 52

The Supreme Court held that juveniles are entitled to all of the same due process rights of adults.

Question 53

Proceedings in juvenile court are more formal than in adult court.

Question 54

In child-victim cases the child has committed no crime.

Question 55

In the juvenile court, juveniles do not have the right to confront and cross-examine complaints and other witnesses.

Question 56

With regard to juvenile proceedings, juveniles have the right against self-incrimination.

Question 57

Generally speaking, juvenile courts do not utilize jury trials.

Question 58

The most important case with respect to juvenile justice is In re Winship.

Question 59

Historically, those eight years old and older were considered adults in the eyes of the law, prosecuted as adults, convicted as adults, and served their sentences in the same prison cells as adults.

Question 60

What Court was responsible for the Landmark decision In re Gault?

A)The Warren Court.
B)The Burger Court.
C)The Rehnquist Court.
D)The Robert's Court.

Question 61

In most jurisdictions, it is _____ for law enforcement personnel or juvenile court officials to release the names of juveniles to the media.

Question 62

Less serious juvenile cases are petitioned and handled formally.

Question 63

The doctrine of parens _____ authorizes the state to act as a parent.

Question 64

Juvenile courts are based on _____ law.

Question 65

Proponents of the due process model of criminal justice stress that juveniles need more crime prevention programs.

Question 66

Juvenile court proceedings emphasize informality.

Question 67

_____ involve acts that are illegal only for juveniles.

Question 68

Status offenses involve acts that are illegal only for juveniles.

Question 69

Prosecutions of adults are based on criminal law. By contrast, juvenile court proceedings are based on _____ law.

Question 70

All state use the same ages to establish juvenile court jurisdiction.

Question 71

The age at which a child becomes an adult is called the upper age of _____.

Question 72

The U.S.Supreme Court, in the case In re _____ , ruled that the due process clause of the 14ᵗʰ Amendment applied to juvenile court proceedings.

Question 73

The juvenile court is a continuing legacy of the _____ Movement.

Question 74

Some states set no _____ age for transfer of juveniles to adult court.

Question 75

Some proponents of the crime control model of criminal justice go as far as to argue that it is time to abolish the juvenile court altogether.

Question 76

Laws that grant exclusive jurisdiction over certain crimes to adult court are called waivers.

Question 77

Juveniles accused of serious offenses may be tried as adults.

Question 78

Juvenile courts never engage in plea bargaining.

Question 79

The conference in juvenile court is roughly equivalent to a trial in an adult proceeding.

Question 80

Proponents of the due process model of criminal justice stress that juvenile courts should be less punishment-oriented.