Deck 12: Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Question 1

A black,organic-rich shale could likely serve as either of which two necessary types of rocks within oil fields?

A) source rock or seal rock
B) reservoir rock or seal rock
C) source rock or reservoir rock

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Congress has proposed storing nuclear waste beneath ____________.

A) Teapot Dome, Wyoming
B) Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
C) Yucca Mountain, Nevada
D) Camel Rock, New Mexico

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which sequence of coal ranks is ordered from lowest to highest?

A) anthracite, bituminous, lignite
B) lignite, bituminous, anthracite
C) bituminous, lignite, anthracite
D) bituminous, anthracite, lignite

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Natural gas ____________.

A) consists of longer carbon chains as compared to oil
B) is denser than oil
C) is produced at higher temperatures than oil
D) is produced at higher temperatures than graphite

Question 5

A buried body of rock that is induced by heat to exude oil is termed a ____________.

A) reservoir rock
B) seal rock
C) source rock

Question 6

Chemically,oil and gas are both ____________.

A) pure forms of carbon
B) carbohydrates
C) hydrocarbons
D) carbonate minerals

Question 7

In order to produce a commercially viable oil deposit,there must be a source rock,a reservoir rock,a seal rock,and a ____________.

A) large fracture connecting the reservoir rock to the surface of the Earth, so the oil
Can move freely toward the surface
B) filter rock-a rock of intermediate permeability located between the source and
Reservoir rocks to remove impurities
C) heater rock-an intrusive igneous rock beneath the source rock to heat the oil and
Give it buoyancy
D) trap-a geologic configuration that forces oil to pool up and denies it passage to the
Surface

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an important type of oil trap?

A) salt dome
B) syncline
C) stratigraphic
D) anticline

Question 9

Which fossil fuel-oil or natural gas-is found at greater depths within Earth,and why?

A) oil, because it is more stable at high temperatures
B) oil, because it is more stable at low pressures
C) gas, because it is more stable at high temperatures
D) gas, because it is more stable at low pressures

Question 10

A permeable and porous rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ____________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A) reservoir rock
B) seal rock
C) source rock

Question 11

The oil window (temperature range wherein organic matter is converted to petroleum without destroying it)lies between ____________.

A) 30 to 60 °C
B) 100 to 250 °C
C) 90 to 160 °C
D) 200 to 350 °C

Question 12

Permeability is a measure of ____________.

A) how many pores are present within a rock
B) the percentage of rock volume that is comprised of pores
C) how well the pores within rock are connected
D) the mass of a body of rock divided by the mass of an equal volume of water

Question 13

The greatest depth at which oil is found is about ____________.

A) 1 km below the surface
B) 6.5 km below the surface
C) at the Moho
D) the base of the lithosphere

Question 14

Most of the hydrocarbons within oil and natural gas are derived from the breakdown of organic matter from once-living ____________.

A) dinosaurs
B) plankton
C) terrestrial plants
D) mammals

Question 15

Hydrocarbons consisting of short carbon chains ____________.

A) are more volatile than hydrocarbons with longer chains
B) are more viscous than hydrocarbons with longer chains
C) are typically stable in a solid state at room temperatures
D) all of the above

Question 16

Shale,salt,and fine-grained limestone that is not fractured are all good candidates to serve as ____________ within an oil field.

A) a reservoir rock
B) a seal rock
C) a source rock
D) either a source or a reservoir rock

Question 17

An impermeable rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ____________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A) reservoir rock
B) seal rock
C) source rock

Question 18

Coal is the altered remains of ancient ____________.

A) dinosaurs
B) plankton
C) plants
D) mammals

Question 19

If a drilled well encounters both oil and natural gas,____________.

A) the gas will naturally be floating on top of the oil
B) the oil will float above the level of the gas
C) the gas and oil are expected to be thoroughly mixed together
D) the gas will exist in a dissolved state within the oil

Question 20

Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?

A) coal, oil, natural gas
B) coal, geothermal, wind
C) coal, wood, natural gas
D) hydroelectric, geothermal, wind

Question 21

As compared to coal mining,mineral mining has virtually no adverse environmental impact.

Question 22

Open pits on the surface of Earth,constructed to extract stone for building purposes are called ____________.

A) open pit mines
B) underground mines
C) quarries
D) sedimentary deposits

Question 23

Most important mineral resources,including ores,can be expected to last for the next 1000 years.

Question 24

Aside from the possibility of a meltdown,nuclear power provides no other major problems or concerns.

Question 25

Coal layers buried under less than 100 m of sediment are usually mined with which technique?

A) underground mining
B) strip mining

Question 26

The world's supply of oil is likely to be depleted in about ____________ years.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) 1 million

Question 27

Smelting is a technique applied to ____________.

A) native metals
B) ore minerals
C) quarried stone

Question 28

Nonmetals extracted from metals during smelting are termed ____________.

A) slag
B) cull
C) sludge
D) spar

Question 29

Which ore minerals are commonly found in ancient sedimentary deposits that are 2 billion years old?

A) copper sulfides
B) aluminum oxides
C) iron oxides
D) copper oxides

Question 30

Which of the three most commonly used metals is sometimes mined as a native metal?

A) aluminum
B) copper
C) iron
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 31

Which ores are most commonly concentrated in magmatic deposits?

A) oxides
B) sulfides
C) native metals
D) copper ores

Question 32

The stereotypical gold rush prospector panning for gold in a stream bed is exploiting ____________.

A) magmatic deposits
B) placer deposits
C) residual mineral deposits
D) sedimentary deposits

Question 33

,the isotope of uranium commonly utilized in nuclear power plants,is ____________.

A) the most common of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element
B) heavier than the other well-known isotope of uranium
C) rare even in uranium oxide deposits, and thus usable reactor fuel must be enriched
With respect to this isotope

Question 34

MVT (Mississippi-Valley Type)deposits are secondary enrichments primarily of ____________.

A) gold and silver
B) tin and aluminum
C) copper and bronze
D) lead and zinc

Question 35

Mineral-rich veins within plutons,deposited by hot groundwater into fractures within the rock,characterize ____________.

A) hydrothermal deposits
B) placer deposits
C) residual mineral deposits
D) sedimentary deposits

Question 36

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) coal
B) oil
C) wind
D) natural gas

Question 37

Most metals used by society are obtained from ____________.

A) native metals
B) ore minerals

Question 38

Which mineral resources are considered renewable?

A) base metals only
B) nonmetallic minerals only
C) iron and aluminum ores
D) No mineral resources are renewable.

Question 39

The United States has active mines within its boundaries that are sufficient to maintain a steady supply of all important metals.

Question 40

Geothermal energy provides a low-cost alternative to fossil fuels throughout most of the populated world.