Question 1

What type of weathering are you likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?&#10;A) hydrolysis&#10;B) frost wedging&#10;C) salt wedging&#10;D) dissolution

Accepted Answer

In areas with cold climates, frost wedging is a common type of weathering due to the freeze-thaw cycles that occur. This is when water seeps into cracks in rocks or soil, freezes and expands, and then thaws and contracts, causing the rock or soil to break apart. Hydrolysis, dissolution, and salt wedging may also occur but are less common in cold climates.

Question 2

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to _____________.&#10;A) mechanical breakdown of rock&#10;B) baking in the hot sun&#10;C) interaction with molten rock&#10;D) interaction with water or air

Accepted Answer

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to the interaction with water or air, which causes chemical reactions that break down the minerals and rocks. Mechanical breakdown of rock is physical weathering, and baking in the hot sun and interaction with molten rock are not forms of weathering.

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT affect soil thickness?&#10;A) time&#10;B) types of animals&#10;C) climate&#10;D) vegetation type

Accepted Answer

Soil thickness is primarily affected by the amount of time it has been exposed to weathering, the type of climate it is in, and the type of vegetation that is present. The presence or absence of certain types of animals may have some impact on the soil structure or nutrient cycling, but it is not a major factor in determining soil thickness.

Question 4

Salt water is the end product of this weathering process.&#10;A) hydrolysis&#10;B) dissolution&#10;C) jointing&#10;D) frost wedging

Accepted Answer

Dissolution is the process by which minerals are dissolved in water, resulting in the formation of saltwater. This occurs frequently in coastal areas due to the constant exposure of rocks to seawater. Hydrolysis, jointing, and frost wedging are all different types of weathering processes that do not directly result in the formation of saltwater.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of sediment?&#10;A) fragments of shells&#10;B) fragments of rock&#10;C) cemented&#10;D) precipitated crystals

Accepted Answer

The definition of sediment includes fragments of shells and rock, as well as precipitated crystals. However, sediment does not have to be cemented.

Question 6

Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?&#10;A) A.&#10;B) O.&#10;C) B.&#10;D) E.

Accepted Answer

The O horizon, also known as the organic layer, contains the most organic material. It is made up of decomposing plant and animal matter and is found at the surface of the soil.

Question 7

The zone of leaching is the area in which _______________.&#10;A) weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon&#10;B) organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon&#10;C) minerals are precipitated and added to soil&#10;D) minerals are dissolved and removed from soil

Accepted Answer

The zone of leaching is the area in which minerals are dissolved and removed from soil by water moving downward through the soil profile. This results in the accumulation of minerals in lower soil horizons or their loss from the soil altogether.

Question 8

Differential weathering occurs when ___________________.&#10;A) none of the layers weather at all&#10;B) layers of rock weather at the same rate&#10;C) layers of rock weather at different rates&#10;D) weathering occurs in the tropics

Accepted Answer

Differential weathering occurs when layers of rock weather at different rates. This can happen due to variations in the rock's hardness, composition, or structure, among other factors. As a result of differential weathering, some layers may erode more quickly than others, leading to unique landforms such as hoodoos, mesas, and buttes.

Question 9

Why does differential weathering occur?&#10;A) Chemical weathering attacks some layers, and physical weathering attacks the others.&#10;B) The cliffs formed by chemical weathering protect the rocks below.&#10;C) Some types of rocks don't weather at all, thus producing cliffs.&#10;D) Different minerals have different resistances to weathering.

Accepted Answer

Differential weathering occurs because different minerals have different resistances to weathering, and therefore, some layers erode faster than others.

Question 10

What type of weathering is shown in the following picture?  &#10;A) salt wedging&#10;B) frost wedging&#10;C) dissolution&#10;D) hydration

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Question 11

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?&#10;A) thermal expansion&#10;B) dissolution&#10;C) oxidation&#10;D) hydration

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Question 12

What type of weathering process would you expect to find occurring in a cold climate?&#10;A) dissolution&#10;B) salt wedging&#10;C) frost wedging&#10;D) oxidation

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Question 13

What type of weathering has happened to the rocks in the picture?  &#10;A) hydrolysis&#10;B) hydration&#10;C) dissolution&#10;D) oxidation

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Question 14

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?&#10;A) hydrolysis&#10;B) hydration&#10;C) oxidation&#10;D) dissolution

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Question 15

Hydration occurs when __________________.&#10;A) minerals are dissolved into water&#10;B) minerals are turned into rust&#10;C) minerals absorb water and expand&#10;D) minerals are removed by frost

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Question 16

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?&#10;A) Physical weathering requires abundant water, as does chemical weathering.&#10;B) Physical weathering produces fresh surfaces for chemical weathering to attack.&#10;C) Chemical weathering can only occur on small surfaces, not large ones.&#10;D) Chemical weathering requires salt, which is provided by salt wedging.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

The following is a picture of what type of phenomenon?  &#10;A) jointing&#10;B) differential weathering&#10;C) chemical weathering&#10;D) hydration

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Question 18

Dissolution occurs when __________________.&#10;A) minerals are dissolved into water&#10;B) minerals are turned into rust&#10;C) minerals absorb water and expand&#10;D) minerals are removed by frost

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Which of the following is NOT sediment?  &#10;A) Figure A&#10;B) Figure B&#10;C) Figure C&#10;D) Figure D

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Question 20

What type of weathering are you most likely to find occurring on the coast?&#10;A) dissolution&#10;B) thermal expansion&#10;C) salt wedging&#10;D) root wedging

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Question 21

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was created by what phenomenon?&#10;A) increased rainfall&#10;B) lack of vegetation&#10;C) increased wind storms&#10;D) differential weathering

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Question 22

Why does the C-horizon contain little to no organic material?&#10;A) Water doesn't penetrate that far into the ground.&#10;B) The C-horizon contains toxins from the bedrock.&#10;C) Plants and animals do not live that far down.&#10;D) The C-horizon is saturated with water.

Accepted Answer

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Question 23

If the climate in an area has very little rainfall,what would the characteristics of the soil in the area be?&#10;A) thick, with a lot of organic material&#10;B) thin, with a lot of organic material&#10;C) thick, with very little organic material&#10;D) thin, with very little organic material

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Question 24

Which soil horizon contains weathered bedrock that has not yet undergone leaching?&#10;A) O.&#10;B) A.&#10;C) E.&#10;D) B.

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Question 25

Which soil horizon is the most important to farmers for planting crops?&#10;A) O.&#10;B) A.&#10;C) E.&#10;D) B.

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Deck 21: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils