Deck 5: Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Question 1

In the figure below,what is the approximate time of the arrival of the P-waves?

A)1 minute
B)2 minutes,15 seconds
C)3 minutes
D)4 minutes
E)5 minutes,30 seconds

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves is known as _______.

A)seismograph
B)seismogram
C)seismology
D)vulcanology
E)tectonics

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The _______ scale is a logarithmic scale that assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

A)Barton
B)Wegener
C)Mercalli
D)Richter
E)none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to the figure below,what is the approximate S-P travel time?

A)1 minute,45 seconds
B)2 minutes,15 seconds
C)3 minutes,15 seconds
D)0 minutes,45 seconds
E)cannot be determined

Question 5

The _______ is the point on the surface directly above the point of an earthquake.

A)epicenter
B)focus
C)elastic rebound
D)tsunami
E)xenolith

Question 6

In the figure below,what is the approximate speed of S-waves at the 670km discontinuity?

A)2km/sec
B)4km/sec
C)6km/sec
D)8km/sec
E)10km/sec

Question 7

The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is known as the _______ Discontinuity.

A)Richter
B)Mercalli
C)Oldham
D)Mohorovicic
E)Wegener

Question 8

In the figure below,which layer of the Earth is the thickest?

A)crust
B)mantle
C)outer core
D)inner core
E)lithosphere

Question 9

Diamonds are incorporated in solidified magma called _______ that originates deep within Earth.

A)xenoliths
B)meteorites
C)kimberlites
D)tsunamis
E)seismic gaps

Question 10

)Fragments of unmelted rocks that are sometimes incorporated in magma are known as _______.

A)iron meteorites
B)kimberlites
C)volcanic bombs
D)tsunamis
E)xenoliths

Question 11

In the figure below,what is the approximate depth of the asthenosphere?

A)50km
B)100km
C)150km
D)200km
E)1000km

Question 12

According to the figure below,which of the following would cause more damage?

A)P
B)S
C)both produce equal damage
D)neither produce damage
E)none of the above

Question 13

The figure below shows a primary earthquake hazard.

Question 14

A(n)_______ wave is an elastic rebound wave that travels outward in all directions from the point of an earthquake.

A)tsunami
B)elastic
C)tectonic
D)Mercalli
E)seismic

Question 15

The _______ is the part of Earth's interior where rocks start to melt.

A)lithosphere
B)asthenosphere
C)outer core
D)inner core
E)crust

Question 16

The _______ is Earth's rocky,outermost layer.

A)mesosphere
B)asthenosphere
C)Moho
D)atmosphere
E)lithosphere

Question 17

_______ are the first waves to leave the focus after an earthquake.

A)P-waves
B)S-waves
C)surface waves
D)body waves
E)shear waves

Question 18

In the figure below,what is the approximate time of the arrival of the S-waves?

A)1 minute
B)2 minutes,15 seconds
C)3 minutes
D)4 minutes
E)5 minutes,30 seconds

Question 19

An instrument that measures and detects vibrations in Earth is known as a _______.

A)seismology
B)seismogram
C)seismograph
D)Mercalli Scale
E)Richter Scale

Question 20

In the figure below,what is the approximate time of the arrival of the surface waves?

A)1 minute
B)2 minutes,15 seconds
C)3 minutes
D)4 minutes
E)5 minutes,30 seconds

Question 21

The largest measured displacement caused by an earthquake was 15m.

Question 22

Iron meteorites,stony-iron meteorites,and some stony meteorites have roughly the same composition as our planet.

Question 23

A place along a fault where an earthquake has not occurred in a long time is called paleoseismology.

Question 24

The zone from the base of the asthenosphere to the mantle-core boundary is known as the lithosphere.

Question 25

The core causes a huge decrease in the speed of P-waves.

Question 26

The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale qualifies the effects of an earthquake on humans,objects of nature,and man-made structures on a scale of I through XII,with I denoting a weak earthquake and XII one that causes almost complete destruction.

Question 27

The Richter Scale measures the damage caused by a given earthquake.

Question 28

Charles Richter was the first scientist to notice the difference between P-waves and S-waves.

Question 29

P-waves travel by compression-expansion.

Question 30

The crust below the oceans averages a thickness of 8km.

Question 31

Earth's density as a whole is approximately 2.8 g/cm³.

Question 32

Secondary hazards sometimes cause more damage than the earthquake itself.

Question 33

The outer core is solid,whereas the inner core is liquid.

Question 34

The mantle makes up roughly 80% of the Earth's volume.

Question 35

The S-wave shadow zone is an area of the planet that does not receive any S-waves,usually on the opposite side of the origin of the earthquake.

Question 36

Most diamonds are transported to the surface in kimberlite pipes from the outer core.

Question 37

Remote sensing is the study of ancient earthquakes.

Question 38

The deepest hole ever drilled in the planet is located in South Africa.

Question 39

Primary waves can travel approximately 6 km/sec in the uppermost portion of the crust.

Question 40

Geologists can use indirect observation methods such as astronomy,magnetism,and density to investigate the interior of the planet.

Question 41

The science of studying ancient earthquakes is known as _______.

Question 42

The crust is thicker under the oceans than it is under the continents.

Question 43

The temperature at which magnets lose their magnetism is known as the _______.

Question 44

Earth's _______ is liquid and extends between 2883km and 5140km beneath the surface.

Question 45

The diagram below shows a secondary earthquake hazard.

Question 46

A _______ wave is a type of wave that travels along Earth's surface.

Question 47

The deepest mine in the world plunges to a depth of _______.

Question 48

The theory that stress is continually built up along a fault and released when earthquake occurs is known as _______.

Question 49

_______ waves travel at approximately 3.5 km/sec.

Question 50

The method of using data from three seismic stations to locate an earthquake is known as _______.

Question 51

In the figure below,the _______ is the first discontinuity encountered in the mantle.

Question 52

When olivine is squeezed to pressures equal to that at depths of several hundred kilometers,polymorphs of olivine form.

Question 53

A measure of earthquake strength based on rupture size,rock properties,and displacement is known as _______.

Question 54

A seismic wave that travels by alternating pulses of compression and expansion is known as a _______wave.

Question 55

The average density of the planet Earth as a whole is _______.

Question 56

_______ are fragments of unmelted rock that are sometimes incorporated in magma.

Question 57

_______ is the bouncing back of a wave from an interface between two mediums.

Question 58

The strength of an earthquake can also be called the _______ of the earthquake.

Question 59

A large,destructive ocean wave sometimes caused by an earthquake is called a _______.

Question 60

According to the figure below,_______ is the location of the earthquake.

Question 61

What are the similarities and differences between the Richter Scale and the Modified Mercalli Scale?

Question 62

Discuss the differences between Earth's outer and inner core.

Question 63

According to the figure below,discuss the differences between P-wave and S-wave velocities.

Question 64

The area inside the Earth where rock begins to melt is known as the _______.

Question 65

Based on the figures below,discuss how a short term earthquake prediction model would have benefitted the people of Indonesia during the 2004 disaster?

Question 66

Describe the method of triangulation used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.

Question 67

The thickness of the crust beneath the continents averages _______.

Question 68

Measurements on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale range from _______.

Question 69

The Richter magnitude scale is a _______ scale.

Question 70

Using the diagram below,explain why the P-wave shadow zone is smaller than the S-wave shadow zone.

Question 71

Swarms of tiny earthquakes that may occur before large earthquakes are known as _______.

Question 72

Observe the photo below and discuss how the shape of Loch Ness reflects its geologic history.