Deck 7: Weathering and Erosion

Question 1

A sediment that is made of relatively coarse mineral grains is known as _______.

A)clay
B)soil
C)sand
D)kaolin
E)saltation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The uppermost soil horizon that contains a high amount of organic matter is known as the _____ horizon.

A)A
B)E
C)B
D)O
E)none of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The never-ending formation and destruction of Earth materials is called the _______.

A)water cycle
B)life cycle
C)tectonic cycle
D)rock cycle
E)none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A type of chemical weathering in which minerals react with dissolved oxygen in water is known as _______.

A)frost wedging
B)oxidation
C)root wedging
D)acid rain
E)ion exchange

Question 5

Flowing regolith that is not saturated with water is known as a _______ flow.

A)granular
B)slurry
C)slump
D)creep
E)gradient

Question 6

Sediment that is moved along the bottom of a stream is known as _______.

A)suspended load
B)dissolved load
C)bed load
D)clay
E)sand

Question 7

A member of this family of hydrous alumino-silicate minerals is generally referred to as a _______.

A)sand
B)soil
C)sediment
D)regolith
E)clay

Question 8

The _______ layer is the deepest layer of soil that consists of parent rock material in various stages of weathering.

A)O
B)E
C)A
D)B
E)C

Question 9

A _______ is a fracture in the rock in which no appreciable movement has occurred.

A)wedge
B)soil
C)slump
D)joint
E)bedload

Question 10

A white clay found in China that has been used to make porcelain is known as _______.

A)sand
B)kaolin
C)soil
D)joints
E)erosion

Question 11

In the photo below,what does the arrow indicate?

A)bottom of A layer
B)top of B layer
C)top of A layer
D)top of O layer
E)bottom of O layer

Question 12

Partially decayed organic matter in soil is called _______.

A)humus
B)sand
C)kaolin
D)clay
E)slurry

Question 13

The figure below what gives the stream its muddy appearance _______.

A)bedload
B)suspended load
C)saltated load
D)floodplain
E)levee

Question 14

_______ is the extremely slow downslope granular flow of regolith.

A)solification
B)slump
C)slides
D)creep
E)flow

Question 15

A _______ involves a rotational movement of rock or regolith.

A)fall
B)creep
C)flow
D)slump
E)slide

Question 16

_______ is the type of weathering in the figure below.

A)Frost wedging
B)Exfoliation
C)Dissolution
D)Ion exchange
E)Oxidation

Question 17

A permanent body of ice,consisting largely of recrystallized snow and showing evidence of movement under the pull of gravity is known as _______.

A)a glacier
B)mass wasting
C)creep
D)debris avalanche
E)none of the above

Question 18

The small spaces between mineral grains are called _______.

A)pores
B)flow
C)slump
D)regolith
E)soil

Question 19

In the figure below,what type of weathering is being shown?

A)oxidation
B)dissolution
C)root wedging
D)frost wedging
E)sheet jointing

Question 20

The figure below shows an example of _______.

A)oxidation
B)dissolution
C)root wedging
D)frost wedging
E)sheet jointing

Question 21

The figure below illustrates a good example of a debris flow.

Question 22

Anthropogenic sulfur and nitrogen contribute to chemical weathering.

Question 23

In a soil profile,the A and E layers are both layers that are leached.

Question 24

The jumping of sediment grains along the stream bed is known as bedload.

Question 25

The weathering of bedrock and transportation of the resulting loosened particles is known as erosion.

Question 26

Stone Mountain,Georgia and Ayer's Rock in Australia are both examples of frost wedging.

Question 27

Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rock by physical processes that involve chemical alteration.

Question 28

The large boulders in the figure below are an example of mechanical weathering.

Question 29

When regolith is saturated with water,it is known as a slurry flow.

Question 30

A rockslide involves rotational movement of rock and regolith along a curved surface.

Question 31

Air is 1200 times less dense than water.

Question 32

The uppermost layer of regolith that can support rooted plants is known as soil.

Question 33

Dissolution is a good example of mechanical weathering.

Question 34

Some plants can be responsible for mechanical weathering.

Question 35

The figure below illustrates a good example of repeated rockfalls.

Question 36

The process of large,curved slabs of rocks peeling off from the surface is known as dissolution.

Question 37

The Old Man in the Mountain in New Hampshire was a victim of dissolution.

Question 38

The splitting of rocks due to the repeated freezing and thawing is known as root wedging.

Question 39

Kaolin is a clay material used in the production of fine porcelains.

Question 40

The C-layer in a soil succession is known as the zone of accumulation.

Question 41

In the figure below,Ayer's Rock (Australia)was formed by _______.

Question 42

Atmospheric water that reacts with anthropogenic sulfur and nitrogen forms _______.

Question 43

Slurry flows can move down slope at speeds of _______ km/h.

Question 44

In the figure below,an increase in rainfall and temperature will lead to a(n)_______ in chemical weathering.

Question 45

"Black water" found in swamps is formed from a high amount of organic matter found in the _______ load.

Question 46

_______ is the process of ice splitting rocks during freeze/thaw cycles.

Question 47

In areas of high rainfall,where soil is thin over bedrock,and in areas where the ground is frozen to depth,slow slurry flows can occur through a process called _______.

Question 48

In the figure below,this form of chemical weathering is known as the ________.

Question 49

In the figure below,these _______ were formed by the mechanical erosion of glaciers.

Question 50

The figure below is an example of the use of _______,which is composed of fine-grained hydrous alumino-silicate minerals.

Question 51

_______ is the type of weathering illustrated in the figure below?

Question 52

The "bouncing" of grains along a stream bed is known as _______.

Question 53

A type of chemical weathering that involves the atoms giving up or accepting electrons is known as _______.

Question 54

In the figure below,a decrease in temperature and rainfall will lead to an increase in _______.

Question 55

The _______ -horizon in a soil profile is known as the zone of accumulation.

Question 56

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Question 57

A _______ is any mass-wasting process that involves a flowing motion (movement)of regolith containing water and/or air in its pores.

Question 58

Stone Mountain,Georgia and Ayer's Rock,Australia are erosional remnants called _______.

Question 59

_______ often involve(s)the massive displacement of rock or sediment straight down a steep slope.

Question 60

Soil profiles that contain a distinct E-horizon typically form in _______.

Question 61

Describe the rock cycle.

Question 62

Discuss the difference between slump and creep.

Question 63

Discuss the similarities and the differences between bedload,suspended load,and dissolved load.

Question 64

Explain the primary difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering?

Question 65

With your knowledge of weathering and the location of New Hampshire,what was the primary cause of the demise of the Old Man in the Mountain?

Question 66

By looking at the figure below,why do forests have a larger O-layer than grasslands and deserts?

Question 67

Explain how monadnocks form?

Question 68

What role does climate play in erosion?

Question 69

Describe the negative effects that farming in hilly terrain might have on the land.

Question 70

Describe the difference between laminar and turbulent flow in a liquid.

Question 71

Explain the similarities and differences between root wedging and frost wedging.

Question 72

Explain the similarity and difference between a slurry flow and a granular flow.

Question 73

Briefly describe the factors that control weathering.