Deck 8: From Sediment to Sedimentary Rock

Question 1

The figure below shows what type of sedimentary rock?

A)clastic
B)biogenic
C)chemical
D)evaporitic
E)none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A biogenic sediment that forms from the accumulation of plant debris is known as _____.

A)calcite
B)loess
C)sandstone
D)mudstone
E)peat

Answer 2

E

Question 3

When all the grains in a rock are roughly the same size,the rock is said to be _____.

A)well rounded
B)well sorted
C)spherical
D)angular
E)clastic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

_____ is the reduction of pore space in sediment as a result of the weight of the overlying sediments.

A)evaporation
B)compaction
C)cementation
D)lithification
E)accretion

Question 5

Glacial till is an example of a deposit that is _____.

A)well sorted
B)poorly sorted
C)well rounded
D)Mediumly rounded
E)spherical

Question 6

A sedimentary rock formed by the evaporation of lake or seawater is known as a(n)_____.

A)sandstone
B)shale
C)eolianite
D)turbidite
E)evaporite

Question 7

A _____ is a wave-resistant structure that is built from marine invertebrates.

A)turbidite
B)pyroclast
C)banded iron formation
D)reef
E)none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following describes a fine-grained,fissile rock consisting primarily of clay particles?

A)conglomerate
B)sandstone
C)siltstone
D)peat
E)shale

Question 9

In the figure below,_____ are formed in wet and dry environments.

A)ripple marks
B)mud cracks
C)footprints
D)cross beds
E)banded iron formation

Question 10

A deposit with large clasts at the base that become finer upwards is known as a _____.

A)ripple marks
B)mudcracks
C)oxidation
D)graded bed
E)calcareous ooze

Question 11

Which of the following is a category of sedimentary rocks formed by the precipitation of minerals dissolved in a lake,river,or seawater?

A)clastic
B)biogenic
C)chemical
D)turbidites
E)diagenetic

Question 12

What is the sedimentary structure shown in the figure below?

A)ripple marks
B)mud cracks
C)footprints
D)cross beds
E)banded iron formation

Question 13

A turbulent,gravity driven flow consisting of water and sediment is known as a _____.

A)evaporite
B)alluvial fan
C)turbidity current
D)continental shelf
E)calcareous ooze

Question 14

_____ is the type of sedimentary structure in the figure below.

A)ripple marks
B)mud cracks
C)footprints
D)cross beds
E)banded iron formation

Question 15

The group of processes that transform sediments into rock is known as _____.

A)compaction
B)transportation
C)diagenesis
D)oxidation
E)lithification

Question 16

Sediment that is carried and deposited by the wind is known as _____ sediment.

A)alluvial
B)estuarian
C)calcareousl
D)turbidity
E)eolian

Question 17

When gravel becomes lithified,_____ is formed.

A)conglomerate
B)shale
C)sandstone
D)siltstone
E)evaporite

Question 18

Seasonal lakes,or _____,are common in arid areas.

A)alluvial fans
B)evaporites
C)playas
D)loess
E)banded iron formations

Question 19

A _____ is a sedimentary deposit that forms where a stream enters a standing body of water.

A)delta
B)turbidite
C)reef
D)back arc basin
E)banded iron formation

Question 20

The figure below shows a good example of which type of sedimentary structure?

A)ripple marks
B)mud cracks
C)footprints
D)cross beds
E)banded iron formation

Question 21

Mudcracks are sedimentary structures formed in wet/dry environments.

Question 22

The figure below shows a sedimentary structure that is formed by wind.

Question 23

Coal is classified as a chemical sedimentary rock.

Question 24

A mudstone contains a higher proportion of clay-size grains than silt-size grains.

Question 25

Loess is a type of eolian sediment.

Question 26

Cross-bedding can form from turbidites,with the large grains deposited on the bottom and the fine grains at the top.

Question 27

Clastic sediments can be volcanic in origin.

Question 28

Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of angular,gravel-size clasts.

Question 29

A semi-enclosed body of coastal water where fresh water mixes with marine water is known as a delta.

Question 30

In the figure below,a divergent plate boundary contains a sedimentary wedge.

Question 31

The figure below shows sediment that is poorly sorted.

Question 32

The figure below shows an excellent example of bedding.

Question 33

Sandstone results from the lithification of clay-size grains.

Question 34

A fine-grained sedimentary rock is known as _____.

A)sandstone
B)breccia
C)conglomerate
D)mudstone
E)coal

Question 35

Most of the world's sedimentary rocks form as strata in which of the following environments?

A)continental shelves
B)reefs
C)beaches
D)marine evaporite basins
E)deserts

Question 36

In the figure below,the accretionary wedge is associated with divergent plate boundaries.

Question 37

The figure below shows sediment that is poorly sorted.

Question 38

If peat is subjected to increasing heat and pressure due to deeper burial,it may become coal.

Question 39

Fossilized footprints provide inferences about depositional environment.

Question 40

Banded iron formations are almost all approximately 1.8-2.5 million years old.

Question 41

_____ processes are those referring to the wind.

Question 42

Marine evaporite basins form in coastal areas with hot and arid climates.

Question 43

The _____ is an example of a divergent boundary where a new ocean is forming between Africa and Arabia.

Question 44

The iron in the red parts of banded iron formation is red because it has been _____.

Question 45

Quartz grains tend to have high sphericity and roundness.

Question 46

The figure below shows an example of a _____ sediment deposit.

Question 47

Most of the sediment on land is transported by _____.

Question 48

Till is an example of sediment that has angular grains and high sphericity.

Question 49

The changes in the characteristics of sediment from one environment to another are collectively known as _____.

Question 50

_____ are volcanigenic sediments that are still hot when they form.

Question 51

A _____ sedimentary rock is represented in the figure below.

Question 52

Ophiolites expose oceanic crust and underlying mantle at the surface.

Question 53

_____ is the process in which substances dissolved in pore water are precipitated out and join grains together.

Question 54

A _____ is the type of depositional environment shown below,which can be found in warm oceanic areas.

Question 55

In the figure below,a _____ is formed when a stream enters a standing body of water.

Question 56

Seasonal lakes that form in arid areas are known as _____.

Question 57

A fine-grained,light-brown,wind-blown sediment is known as _____.

Question 58

In the figure below,a(n)_____ is an area where a freshwater stream meets the ocean.

Question 59

Since all the grains in the figure below are roughly the same size,the sediment can be said to be _____.

Question 60

The top or bottom of a rock stratum is called the _____.

Question 61

The Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah are primarily composed of _____ sediments.

Question 62

Explain the difference between biogenic and chemical sediments.

Question 63

Silt,when lithified,forms _____.

Question 64

Explain how geologists use sedimentary structures.

Question 65

Explain the differences between sorting and roundness.

Question 66

A _____ is a sedimentary deposit that forms when a stream enters a standing body of water.

Question 67

What is the difference between bedding and a bedding surface?

Question 68

Explain how sedimentary facies can be useful to a geologist.

Question 69

Discuss the classification of clastic sedimentary rocks based on their predominant grain size.

Question 70

Explain the difference between a delta and an estuary.

Question 71

Discuss the similarities and differences between calcareous and siliceous ooze.

Question 72

Explain how a turbidity current forms a graded bed.

Question 73

What are the similarities and differences between peat and coal?

Question 74

Explain the occurrence of banded iron formations.

Question 75

_____ is the reduction of pore space in a rock due to the weight of the overlying sediment.