Deck 23: New Deal America, 1929-1939

Question 1

An excellent example of the reckless speculation of the late 1920s was

A)margin calls.
B)buying stock on margin.
C)margin loans.
D)broker pricing.
E)broker fees.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

FDR made black civil rights a major priority,ordering that New Deal programs not practice racial discrimination.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The AAA required farmers to donate surplus crops and livestock to feed the poor.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The CCC addressed the problem of overcharging by doctors and others in the medical and health professions.

Question 5

Early in his presidency,Roosevelt ended Prohibition.

Question 6

Despite the New Deal,full recovery from the Depression did not come until the crisis of World War II.

Question 7

The Bonus Expeditionary Force was organized to secure the United States-Mexico border.

Question 8

The Wagner Act helped dramatically boost union membership.

Question 9

John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath told of Wall Street businessmen brought to their knees after Black Tuesday.

Question 10

Economists call a marked slowdown in economic growth a

A)recession.
B)decline.
C)slump.
D)collapse.
E)boom.

Question 11

FDR called the Social Security Act the most significant achievement of the New Deal.

Question 12

In the 1920s many investors bought stocks on margin-that is,with borrowed funds.

Question 13

Eleanor Roosevelt was a shy person who shunned attention,but she did much work behind the scenes to raise support for her husband's New Deal.

Question 14

By 1935 the NRA had become unpopular.

Question 15

Herbert Hoover refused to involve the government in efforts to relieve the effects of economic depression.

Question 16

By 1932,how many Americans were out of work as a result of the Great Depression?

A)1 in 2
B)2 in 3
C)1 in 3
D)1 in 4
E)2 in 4

Question 17

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised import duties to an all-time high.

Question 18

The Fair Labor Standards Act forbade racial discrimination in hiring.

Question 19

One major cause of the Depression was that workers' wages were too high.

Question 20

Your textbook asserts that all of the following were indicators of the weakening American economy at the end of the 1920s except

A)slowing steel production.
B)decreasing residential construction.
C)rising automobile sales.
D)declining consumer spending.
E)declining employment.

Question 21

The Dust Bowl occurred in all of the following states except

A)Nevada.
B)Colorado.
C)New Mexico.
D)Kansas.
E)Arkansas.

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding Europe's role in the Great Depression is most accurate?

A)The Great Depression was a strictly American event.
B)Many European nations had not recovered from World War I and had high debts.
C)The United States had to borrow money from Germany after World War I.
D)Germany was in a strong financial position after World War I.
E)America owed many European nations money in the aftermath of World War I.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding married women during the Great Depression is correct?

A)Married women often held high-paying jobs.
B)Married women were immediately targeted by employers in layoffs.
C)As the Depression went on,more married women were laid off.
D)Married women luckily always had employed husbands to take care of them.
E)If laid off,married women could relax and take care of their families.

Question 24

During the Great Depression,all of the following increased in frequency except

A)spousal desertion.
B)birth rates.
C)suicide rates.
D)prostitution.
E)crime.

Question 25

President Hoover tried to balance the federal budget and passed the ______________ to try and do so.

A)the Revenue Act of 1930
B)the Revenue Act of 1932
C)the Hawley-Smoot Tariff
D)the Balanced Budget Act of 1930
E)the Balanced Budget Act of 1932

Question 26

As the Great Depression lengthened,President Hoover did all of the following except what?

A)He organized conferences at the White House for various American leaders to meet.
B)He asked people to keep up hope.
C)He asked union leaders to organize strikes.
D)He urged states to follow through on construction projects.
E)He placed his trust in American capitalism.

Question 27

Which statement regarding economists' interpretations of the causes of the Great Depression is most accurate?

A)All historians agree on the factors that caused the Great Depression.
B)Most economists believe the stock market crash of 1929 caused the Great Depression.
C)Economists place most of the blame on American workers for the Great Depression.
D)Economists to this day debate the various factors that caused the Great Depression.
E)Economists have no idea what caused the Great Depression.

Question 28

Which of the following was not a common reaction to the tribulations of the Great Depression?

A)The hungry looting stores
B)Workers going on strike
C)The formation of mobs
D)Workers being laid off
E)A massive increase in membership in the Communist Party

Question 29

Which of the following groups had the highest rate of joblessness in the early years of the Great Depression?

A)African Americans
B)Mexicans
C)Asians
D)Whites
E)Married women

Question 30

As farm productivity ____________________,farmers earned ___________ from their crops.

A)increased,less
B)decreased,more
C)increased,more
D)stagnated,more
E)stalled,more

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding the effects of the Great Depression is inaccurate?

A)Hunger was widespread during the Great Depression.
B)Malnutrition was not a serious concern during the Great Depression.
C)Homelessness increased during the Great Depression.
D)Soups kitchens opened to feed the hungry.
E)Americans without jobs might be sent to poorhouses.

Question 32

Which of the following statements regarding the American economy at the end of the 1920s is incorrect?

A)Workers wages had not risen along with increased productivity.
B)Employers and business owners often enjoyed large profits.
C)Workers were paid wages that were too high.
D)Fewer workers were joining unions.
E)Factories and mills were producing goods that had no buyers.

Question 33

Because of the actions of the Federal Reserve,the American money supply ________________ in the period from 1929 to 1932.

A)doubled
B)tripled
C)quadrupled
D)stayed the same
E)shrank

Question 34

According to your textbook,_________________ states dealt with rising homelessness in the Great Depression by banning paupers from voting.

A)two
B)four
C)six
D)ten
E)fourteen

Question 35

As a result of the Great Depression,the lives of American blacks often

A)got better.
B)got much better.
C)got much worse.
D)got worse.
E)stayed the same.

Question 36

According to your textbook,what was the initial response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression?

A)The Hoover administration lowered taxes.
B)The Hoover administration lowered tariffs.
C)The Hoover administration provided food to the starving.
D)The Hoover administration sought foreign aid.
E)The Hoover administration denied the problem.

Question 37

The ______________________,passed during the presidency of Herbert Hoover,was intended to protect farmers from foreign competition.

A)Hawley Tariff
B)Smoot Tariff
C)Teller Tariff
D)Hawley-Smoot Tariff
E)Hoover Tariff

Question 38

Who did the Great Depression affect?

A)Life got better for all the poor.
B)Life got worse for only the rich.
C)The middle class was untouched by the Great Depression.
D)Business owners were the only ones affected.
E)The Great Depression affected all classes and colors.

Question 39

In response to the crises of the Great Depression,states deported ____________ and _______________.

A)Filipinos,Chinese
B)Japanese,Chinese
C)Filipinos,Mexicans
D)Mexicans,Chinese
E)Mexican Americans,their American-born children

Question 40

When the Great Depression broke out,the American federal government had ________________ programs in place to deal with homelessness and joblessness.

A)no
B)a few
C)some
D)many
E)thousands of

Question 41

Who made up the so-called Bonus Expeditionary Force?

A)Hobos and tramps
B)Members of state militias
C)World War I veterans
D)Out-of-work women
E)People left homeless by the Dust Bowl

Question 42

The Securities and Exchange Commission

A)required all stock brokers to be licensed.
B)set up the Wall Street Stock Exchange.
C)created the NASDAQ.
D)instituted a four day bank holiday.
E)made speculation illegal.

Question 43

Because Franklin D.Roosevelt was not himself a deep thinker,he formed a ________________ to help him shape policy.

A)"think tank"
B)"brain bank"
C)"think trust"
D)"brain trust"
E)"think bank"

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding African Americans and the New Deal is incorrect?

A)Eleanor Roosevelt was an outspoken champion of African Americans.
B)President Roosevelt did little to deal with existing American racism.
C)African Americans were greatly helped by the New Deal.
D)New Deal programs often discriminated against African Americans.
E)President Roosevelt was quite traditional on matters of race.

Question 45

The infamous Alabama court case that convicted nine black boys of raping two white women on flimsy evidence is the case of the

A)Jonesboro boys.
B)Scottsboro boys.
C)Potomac boys.
D)Alabama boys.
E)Wright boys.

Question 46

The Twenty-First Amendment,passed in 1933,allowed

A)women to vote.
B)Americans to drink alcohol again.
C)Americans to peacefully assemble.
D)Americans to avoid military service.
E)Native Americans to vote.

Question 47

The First New Deal focused on three immediate goals.

A)Relief,reform,revival
B)Relief,revival,recovery
C)Relief,recovery,reform
D)Recovery,reform,revitalization
E)Reform,revitalization,revival

Question 48

President Roosevelt faced four major challenges when he first took office.They included all of the following except?

A)Reviving the industrial economy
B)Alleviating widespread American suffering
C)Rescuing the farming sector of the economy
D)Aiding European governments abroad
E)Reforming the economy to prevent another Great Depression

Question 49

What was a Hoover blanket?

A)A comforter
B)A newspaper
C)A wool blanket
D)A tax bill
E)A dollar bill

Question 50

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was created to do what?

A)Buy houses that had been foreclosed on
B)Make loans to struggling banks,life-insurance companies,and railroads
C)Aid the hungry
D)Provide shelter to the homeless
E)Provide jobs to the unemployed

Question 51

The ___________________ was designed to bring electricity and jobs to the Tennessee Valley.

A)AAA
B)CCC
C)TVA
D)NRA
E)FERA

Question 52

According to your textbook,Roosevelt's early higher taxes of the first New Deal were often criticized by ________________ and _________________.

A)farmers,Democrats
B)farmers,Populists
C)business leaders,political conservatives
D)Populists,whites
E)Native Americans,Democrats

Question 53

By 1939,what proportion of the American labor force remained out of work?

A)2 percent
B)5 percent
C)8 percent
D)10 percent
E)17 percent

Question 54

The purpose of the Emergency Banking Relief Act was to

A)restore confidence in American banks.
B)provide money to those who lost it in the stock market collapse.
C)save money by shutting down the federal government.
D)lend federal money to banks in trouble.
E)give the Treasury time to print more paper currency.

Question 55

The ______________________ guaranteed customer savings accounts in banks up to $2,500.

A)Emergency Banking Act
B)Securities and Exchange Commission
C)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
D)Tennessee Valley Authority
E)Economy Act

Question 56

The First New Deal lasted from

A)1930 to 1933.
B)1933 to 1935.
C)1933 to 1936.
D)1935 to 1936.
E)1930 to 1935.

Question 57

The first large scale federal experiment with work relief was

A)the WPA.
B)the CWA.
C)the FERA.
D)the SEC.
E)Social Security.

Question 58

By 1932,approximately how many Americans were unemployed?

A)1 million
B)2 million
C)5 million
D)10 million
E)15 million

Question 59

Hoover was a member of what political party?

A)Democrat
B)Republican
C)Populist
D)Bull Moose
E)Federalist

Question 60

President Hoover believed the best ways to help the needy during the Great Depression were ________________ and ________________.

A)lower taxes,lower interest rates
B)lower taxes,lower tariffs
C)socialism,Communism
D)self-reliance,voluntarism
E)Federal programs,higher taxes

Question 61

Much as the New Deal ignored African Americans,it also ignored

A)whites.
B)farmers.
C)homeowners.
D)Native Americans.
E)industrialists.

Question 62

The purpose of the Works Progress Administration was to

A)help America's urban youth.
B)aid America's senior citizens.
C)employ out-of-work Americans.
D)help farmers keep their farms.
E)protect unions and union members.

Question 63

The Louisiana native known as the "Kingfish" who criticized President Roosevelt was

A)Huey P.Long.
B)Francis E.Townsend.
C)Charles E.Coughlin.
D)Harry Hopkins.
E)Henry A.Wallace.

Question 64

The so-called Wagner Act

A)regulated the stock market.
B)protected American homeowners.
C)worked to end unions in America.
D)guaranteed American workers the right to organize.
E)protected the civil rights of African Americans.

Question 65

Describe the gains made by labor during the New Deal.

Question 66

The _______________________ raised the tax rates on annual income of more than $50,000 during the Second New Deal.

A)Agricultural Adjustment Act
B)Wagner Tax
C)Revenue Act of 1935
D)National Tax Act of 1935
E)Recovery Tax Act of 1936

Question 67

The Second New Deal focused on all of the following except

A)a reduction in taxes.
B)a new federal construction program to employ the jobless.
C)banking reforms.
D)increased taxes for the wealthy.
E)programs to aid the old and infirm.

Question 68

Why did Roosevelt attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court? Did he achieve his goals?

Question 69

This labor leader headed the United Mine Workers and supported President Roosevelt's Second New Deal.

A)Huey Long
B)Francis Townsend
C)Frances Perkins
D)John L.Lewis
E)Harry Hopkins

Question 70

By the end of 1936,the Supreme Court had proven itself ___________ of Roosevelt's New Deal.

A)a friend
B)an ally
C)a supporter
D)an enemy
E)a champion

Question 71

The first woman cabinet member in American history was

A)Eleanor Roosevelt.
B)Dorothea Dix.
C)Frances Perkins.
D)Mary McLeod Bethune.
E)Marion Anderson.

Question 72

The Townsend Plan targeted which segment of the American population to aid during the Great Depression?

A)African Americans
B)Senior citizens
C)Native Americans
D)Mexican Americans
E)Women

Question 73

How did farmers and veterans react to the Hoover administration's response to the Great Depression?

Question 74

In his second presidential election in 1936,Democrat Franklin Roosevelt carried all the states of the Union except

A)Maine and Vermont.
B)California and New York.
C)Texas and Alabama.
D)Florida and Georgia.
E)Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Question 75

In Schechter Poultry Corporation v.United States,the Supreme Court ruled what?

A)That President Roosevelt needed more federal authority
B)That President Roosevelt should end the TVA
C)That the AAA was unconstitutional
D)That Congress had given Roosevelt too much authority in labor relations
E)That the minimum wage in the United States needed to be raised

Question 76

"Radio priest" and Roosevelt critic Charles E.Coughlin created ____________ in 1935.

A)the Share-the-Wealth Society
B)The Townsend Plan
C)the National Union for Social Justice
D)the National Labor Relations Board
E)Coughlinism

Question 77

Trace the election of 1932.How did each party settle on its respective nominee,and what was the result of the election?

Question 78

Roosevelt's Second New Deal began in

A)August 1935.
B)November 1935.
C)January 1935.
D)November 1936.
E)January 1940.

Question 79

Because the Great Depression was especially hard on American senior citizens and those with disabilities,the Second New Deal included the

A)Agricultural Adjustment Act.
B)Social Security Act.
C)Wagner Act.
D)National Industrial Recovery Act.
E)Wealth-Tax Act.

Question 80

In 1937,President Roosevelt tried to add six new justices to the Supreme Court.Why?

A)He wanted to mount a coup.
B)He wanted to change the court's makeup to aid his policies.
C)He did not trust the justices already in place.
D)Congress gave him that right.
E)He believed the existing justices were overworked.