Deck 1: History: From English Origins to the United States

Question 1

The sheriff was formerly known as the:

A) deputy
B) shire reeve
C) constable
D) tax collector

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The police-race relations problems that exploded during the civil rights movement illustrated some of the problems with which era of policing?

A) The political era
B) The reform era
C) The community era

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When Henry Fielding died,his "thief-takers" evolved into a group called the ________ Runners,under John Fielding.

A) Bow Street
B) Ryland Street
C) Rommero Street
D) Pembroke Street

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Peel's nine "principles of policing" emphasized:

A) maximum punishment to the offender
B) setting an example to the community
C) rehabilitation
D) prevention of crime

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of Peel's "principles" of policing?

A) The police must be under governmental control.
B) Crime prevention is as important as crime prevention
C) Police should be hired on a probationary basis.
D) Police authority is dependent upon government rather than public approval

Question 6

Which of the three eras of policing emphasized crime control and preventive patrol?

A) The political era
B) The reform era
C) The community era

Question 7

To William Parker,police were the "thin blue line" and the rights of took precedence over the rights of the .

A) society / individual
B) individual / society
C) officers / administrators
D) civilians / police

Question 8

U.S.Marshals have no jurisdiction over crimes involving:

A) theft of mail
B) railroad property
C) private property
D) murder on federal lands

Question 9

The coroner's inquest closely resembles a:

A) grand jury
B) pre-plea conference
C) court work group
D) juvenile court hearing

Question 10

Which of the following early law enforcement effort had no nonpolice functions?

A) Constables
B) Watchmen
C) Slave patrols
D) Sheriffs

Question 11

The origins of modern policing in America can be linked to:

A) colonial policing
B) English heritage
C) change in laws
D) change in policing procedures

Question 12

Which of the following was not a policing legacy from the colonial period?

A) The colonial period witnessed the beginning of the theory of crime prevention.
B) A theory of "Republicanism" was created.
C) Police officers began to be armed and uniformed.
D) Colonists committed themselves to local law enforcement.

Question 13

Patrick Colquhoun,serving as London's ,focused on .

A) mayor/elections
B) sheriff/capturing felons
C) magistrate/reform of police
D) constable/social reform

Question 14

August Vollmer's most daring innovation was the idea of a:

A) bicycle patrol
B) police school
C) foot patrol
D) auto patrol

Question 15

William Parker's greatest success as police chief,typical of the new professionalism,came in:

A) administrative reorganization
B) personnel recruitment
C) budgeting
D) legal matters

Question 16

The movement to improve American law enforcement began in:

A) Atlanta
B) New York City
C) Pittsburgh
D) Philadelphia

Question 17

Which of the following was not a duty of the constable during the Middle Ages?

A) Collection of taxes
B) Pursuing felons
C) Supervising highways
D) Determining the guilt or innocence of felons

Question 18

In the late 1800s in New York,the police reform board was headed by:

A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) August Vollmer
C) Henry Fielding
D) William Penn

Question 19

Which of the following was not one of the groups responsible for law enforcement in the Wild West?

A) U.S. Marshals
B) Private citizens
C) Businessmen
D) State police

Question 20

The Wickersham Commission completed the first national study of:

A) corrections
B) criminals
C) investigations
D) crime and criminal justice

Question 21

Slave codes provided slaves with some rights and protections against severe punishment by slave masters.

Question 22

In William Parker's belief system,the police ability to conduct searches and seizures should be carefully limited and regulated.

Question 23

The community era of policing emphasizes the crime control function of policing through a centralized organizational design.

Question 24

The office of constable carried no salary and the duties were often very dangerous.

Question 25

Vigilante movements were common on the Western frontier.

Question 26

Today the police are in the era.

A) reform
B) political
C) community policing
D) urban reclamation

Question 27

The baton (known as a truncheon)was the first weapon the London Metropolitan Police carried on patrol.

Question 28

The President's Crime Commission brought policing "full circle," restating several of the same principles that were laid out by:

A) J. Edgar Hoover
B) Sir Robert Peel
C) William Parker
D) O. W. Wilson

Question 29

The __________ is the main source of rural crime control in America.

Question 30

Police corruption as a problem surfaced in the 20th century.

Question 31

In the community era,it was found that citizens appreciated being asked about their priorities and often provided useful information.

Question 32

August Vollmer was an advocate of police professionalism.

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the factors that set the stage for the emergence of the current policing era?

A) Increased cultural diversity in our society
B) The detachment of patrol officers in patrol vehicles
C) The emphasis on organizational change, including decentralization and more police discretion
D) Too much time being spent by the policing with citizens

Question 34

Two reasons for the scarcity of studies into police functions and methods prior to the1960s were:

A) police resistance to outside scrutiny, and the view that traditional methods worked well
B) a belief that they had already been over-studied, and disagreement over research methods
C) the fact that crimes were decreasing, and the influence of police unions
D) None of the above

Question 35

The civil rights movement took place during the reform (or professional)era of policing.

Question 36

The American colonists reinforced their commitment to local policing by creating a theory of government called ________.

Question 37

One of the three major issues confronted by early American policing was whether police should wear uniforms.

Question 38

Among the recommendations of the President's Crime Commission were:

A) hiring more minority members as officers
B) hiring better educated officers
C) better applicant screening and intensive pre-service training
D) increasing efficiency in policing.

Question 39

The community era of policing began as a result of the murder of Mary Cecilia Rogers and the subsequent lack of police response.

Question 40

The office of the ________ has changed considerably over the centuries but has always included determining the cause of death.

Question 41

Many of the principles laid out by Peel were restated in the report of the 1960s' _________________.

Question 42

List and discuss two powerful trends in England and America that brought about changes in policing in both countries.

Question 43

Unlike the London police,police in New York were permitted to have __________.

Question 44

The main element of ________ policing was a decentralized neighborhood focus for the delivery of police services.

Question 45

Explain the 1829 "Metropolitan Police Act," and what it provided to the history of policing.

Question 46

List and describe major characteristics of the three eras of policing.

Question 47

Describe August Vollmer's contributions to policing.

Question 48

Discuss how Peel's "principles" of policing are relevant to today's police practices.

Question 49

Southern __________ defined slaves as the property of their masters and gave slave masters the right to control slaves through discipline and punishment.

Question 50

On the Western frontier,private citizens formed _______ movements to help enforce the law.

Question 51

The creation of the New York City police force took place during the _________ era of policing.

Question 52

The ____________ completed the first national study of crime and criminal justice.

Question 53

Describe the colonial period's three legacies to contemporary policing.

Question 54

Police _______________ meant a combination of managerial efficiency and technological sophistication,as well as an emphasis on crime fighting.

Question 55

In addition to being a leading proponent of police professionalism,____________ also advocated the idea that police should function as social workers.

Question 56

The ________ era of policing emphasized limited discretion and standardized police work.

Question 57

The police-community relations problems that peaked during the civil rights movement were part of a larger problem of __________ in American society.

Question 58

Peel emphasized not only crime suppression but also crime ____________.

Question 59

Explain the contributions that were made to professional policing by William Parker.

Question 60

Describe how policing was returned to its roots by the President's Crime Commission.

Question 61

How have the three important issues confronting early American police officers influenced how police are viewed today by society?

Question 62

If a fourth era of policing was to emerge that was intended to combine the best elements of the three earlier periods,which elements should be retained from each era and which should be discarded?