Deck 1: The Study and Scope of Justice Administration

Question 1

______________ involve problem analysis,setting goals and objectives,program and policy design,developing an action plan,and monitoring and evaluation.

A) Planned changes
B) Planned outcomes
C) Planned alternatives
D) Planned contingencies

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The primary difference between the consensus and conflict theorists with respect to their view of government vis-à-vis the governed is:

A) the loss of freedom and the creation of conflict in modern societies.
B) the development of private property and the unequal distribution of resources.
C) their evaluation of the legitimacy of the actions of ruling groups in contemporary societies.
D) All the above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Those who hold that the justice system is in reality no system at all can also point to the fact that many practitioners in the field and academicians concede:

A) The criminal justice network operates according to a set of formal procedural rules to ensure uniform treatment of all persons, the outcome of which constitutes justice.
B) The entire justice system is in crisis, even rapidly approaching a major breakdown.
C) The components of the criminal justice network cooperate and share similar goals.
D) Each person receives a speedy public trial before an impartial jury of his or her peers and is represented by competent legal counsel.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

John Locke,in his theory of the social contract,maintained that people had just enough rationality to recognize their situation and to come together to form governments for self-protection.

Question 5

The following is considered to be a barrier to change in criminal justice organizations.

A) Physical
B) Financial
C) Social
D) Technology
E) All of the above

Question 6

Much of the failure to deal effectively with crime in society may be attributed to:

A) the hesitation of crime victims to report certain types of crimes.
B) the fragmentation of the justice process.
C) the system of corrections policies concerning parole.
D) All the above

Question 7

The three components of the justice system have incompatible goals and are continually competing with one another for criminal convictions.

Question 8

The process of policymaking involves the following:

A) developing plans that are then used by an organization or government as a basis for making decisions.
B) establishing rules, principles, or guidelines to govern actions by ordinary citizens and persons in positions of authority.
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above

Question 9

The most complex and comprehensive approach to effecting planned change in the criminal justice field is in the process of developing a:

A) plan.
B) policy.
C) position description.
D) None of the above

Question 10

According to the textbook,people working in the public sector must achieve job satisfaction primarily through__________ rewards.

A) extrinsic
B) intrinsic
C) management
D) None of the above

Question 11

The views of the theorist contend that the criminal justice system is in reality not a system at all,but is a ___________ instead.

A) network
B) model
C) scheme
D) None of the above

Question 12

System fragmentation is largely believed to have no effect on the amount and type of crime that exists.

Question 13

Much of the failure to deal effectively with crime may be attributed to organizational and administrative fragmentation of the justice process.

Question 14

All of the following are steps involved in a force-field analysis,except:

A) evaluating forces.
B) identifying alternative strategies for changing each force.
C) analyzing the forces.
D) identifying driving forces.

Question 15

According to the text,the key assumptions about the criminal justice system are erroneous because of all of the following,except:

A) The three components have compatible goals and are continuously sacrificing public funds for the benefit of each other.
B) Evidence indicates that blacks and whites, males and females, and middle- and lower-class citizens receive differential treatment in the criminal justice network.
C) Criminal justice employees, for the most part, do not presume their clients or arrestees to be innocent.
D) The justice process involves a current backlog of cases that does not ensure a speedy trial.

Question 16

The principles of the Declaration of Independence are almost a paraphrase of:

A) The Virginia Declaration of Rights
B) The Mayflower Compact
C) John Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government
D) None of the above

Question 17

The part of the criminal justice process that the U.S.public sees the least of and knows the least about is:

A) the courts.
B) the police.
C) victims' rights advocates.
D) corrections.

Question 18

All of the following are steps involved in a force-field analysis,except:

A) evaluating forces.
B) identifying alternative strategies for changing each force.
C) analyzing the forces.
D) identifying driving forces.

Question 19

The non-systems approach is part of the consensus model point of view,which assumes that all parts of the system work toward a common goal.

Question 20

According to the textbook,people working in the private sector must achieve job satisfaction primarily through __________ rewards.

A) extrinsic
B) intrinsic
C) management
D) None of the above

Question 21

Rather than the slow and incremental changes in past criminal justice agencies,_____________ change is now a constant rather than an exception.

Question 22

The decisions and actions by an institution,offender,victim,or society that influence the offender's movement into,throughout,or out of the justice system are described as the ____________ __________ ___________.

Question 23

According the due process model,police powers should be limited to prevent ___________.

Question 24

Today's leaders in Justice Administration-related positions do not find it necessary to be familiar with the legal aspects of their work,as that is best left to officers of the courts.

Question 25

A theorist connected with the social contract theory,who argued that all people were essentially irrational and selfish,was ___________ __________ .

Question 26

The model developed by Herbert Packer that suggests the criminal justice system should focus on helping the victims of crime and that the repression of crime is of the utmost of importance in controlling crime is the ______ _________ model.

Question 27

Prosecutors often complain that police provide case reports of poor quality.

Question 28

Changes in the criminal justice field typically occur accidentally or haphazardly because of the dysfunction in the processes associated with it.

Question 29

U.S.society has innumerable lawbreakers.Most of them are easily handled by the ___________ and do not challenge the legitimacy of the law.

Question 30

___________ _________ believed that the chief purpose of government was the protection of property.

Question 31

______________ exists among the components of the process,within the individual components,among political jurisdictions,and among persons.

Question 32

According to the author,college experience,in addition to transmitting knowledge,is believed to make administrators more tolerant and secure.However,they can also be more susceptible to debilitating stress and anxiety than those who do not have this experience.

Question 33

In the United States,a comprehensive analysis and overview of policy on crime has been accomplished,therefore making policy related to the reduction of crime an exact process.

Question 34

The most complex and comprehensive approach to effecting planned change in criminal justice is to create a policy.

Question 35

The criminal justice system in the United States attempts to decrease criminal behavior through a wide variety of uncoordinated and sometimes ________________ efforts.

Question 36

To be successful,administrators should avoid attempts to understand the personalities,needs,and motivations of their employees.

Question 37

The due process model's first priority is protecting the ________________ rights of the accused; granting too much freedom to law enforcement officials will result in the loss of freedom and civil liberties for all Americans.

Question 38

Because the justice process lacks sufficient program and procedural flexibility,the workers in the criminal justice system often adhere to organizational practices they know are,at times,dysfunctional.

Question 39

Thomas Jefferson's statements in the Declaration of Independence are as true today as the day when he wrote them but are not widely accepted as common sense.

Question 40

The terms administrator,manager and supervisor are synonymous; each means the exact same thing.They are interchangeable concepts.

Question 41

The terms administration,manager,and supervisor are often used synonymously; each is a unique concept that is related to the others.Describe what administration is and explain the function of each of the three roles in the process of justice administration.

Question 42

Explain and compare Herbert Packer's due process and crime control models.

Question 43

Describe the characteristics of the Conflict view versus the Consensus view.How is this debate relevant for criminal justice administrators?

Question 44

If the system of justice in the United States is truly a non-system,as suggested in Chapter One,what measures could be taken to improve the inefficiencies that are often cited as the basis of the problem?

Question 45

Compare and contrast the different views of administration of justice in the United States as a non-system,as a network,and as a process.

Question 46

In what ways do the wide discretionary powers possessed by actors in the justice system contribute to the concept of system fragmentation discussed in Chapter One?

Question 47

Write your own social contract,using three distinct points that either incorporate the elements of the social contract discussed in Chapter One and/or develop your own.