Deck 17: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

When fats are used for energy,they are converted to

A) a substance that can enter glycolysis
B) pyruvic acid that can enter the electron transport system
C) a substance that can enter the citric acid cycle
D) either a or c can occur

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Usable energy in the ATP molecule is stored in the

A) adenosine portion of the molecule
B) bond attaching the adenosine to the first phosphate group
C) bond between the second and third phosphate groups
D) both b and c above

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which process breaks food molecules into smaller molecules to release energy?

A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Nutrition
D) Absorption

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Besides the three basic types of food,good nutrition requires

A) vitamins
B) amino acids
C) minerals
D) both a and c above

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) Helps maintain the normal blood glucose concentration
B) Produces albumin
C) Produces vitamin A
D) All of the above are functions of the liver

Question 6

Proper nutrition requires the correct balance of three types of food.They are

A) fruits, vegetables, and meats
B) carbohydrates, dairy products, and proteins
C) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
D) proteins, whole grains, and fruits

Question 7

The electron transport system

A) occurs in the mitochondria
B) follows the citric acid cycle
C) follows glycolysis
D) both a and b above

Question 8

The citric acid cycle

A) occurs in the mitochondria
B) follows glycolysis
C) is important in carbohydrate anabolism
D) both a and b above

Question 9

Glucose anabolism is called

A) glycolysis
B) glycogenesis
C) glucagon
D) both a and b above

Question 10

Glycolysis

A) has pyruvic acid as an end product
B) occurs in the mitochondria
C) requires oxygen
D) both a and b above

Question 11

Besides insulin,which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

A) Glucagon
B) Hydrocortisone
C) Growth hormone
D) None of the above

Question 12

Glycolysis

A) follows the citric acid cycle in carbohydrate metabolism
B) requires oxygen
C) occurs in the cytoplasm
D) both b and c above

Question 13

ATP

A) serves as the direct source of energy for the cell
B) releases food energy slowly
C) is produced primarily by the citric acid cycle
D) both a and c above

Question 14

The citric acid cycle

A) occurs in the mitochondria
B) produces pyruvic acid as an end product
C) occurs in the cytoplasm
D) both b and c above

Question 15

Which process builds up food molecules into more complex molecules?

A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Nutrition
D) Absorption

Question 16

Metabolism includes

A) anabolism and assimilation
B) catabolism and nutrition
C) anabolism and catabolism
D) nutrition and assimilation

Question 17

Proteins

A) are usually used by the body for anabolism
B) are usually used by the body for catabolism
C) can enter glycolysis for energy release
D) both b and c above

Question 18

When food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes there,the process is called

A) assimilation
B) digestion
C) absorption
D) nutrition

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) Produces bile
B) Carries out the first step of carbohydrate metabolism
C) Produces fibrinogen
D) All of the above are functions of the liver

Question 20

The electron transport system

A) occurs in the cytoplasm
B) produces carbon dioxide as an end product
C) produces ATP from ADP
D) both a and c above

Question 21

Liver cells are unable to store which of the following substances?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Iron
D) Liver cells can store all of the above

Question 22

Radiation is the

A) flow of heat waves away from the blood
B) transfer of heat to the skin and then to the external environment
C) absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization
D) none of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is not a plasma protein made by the liver?

A) Prothrombin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Bile
D) Albumin

Question 24

Minerals and vitamins share which characteristic?

A) They help enzymes function.
B) They are both organic.
C) They are both inorganic.
D) Both a and b above

Question 25

The process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

A) both require oxygen
B) both occur in the mitochondria
C) are involved in carbohydrate anabolism
D) none of the above

Question 26

Minerals

A) are organic substances
B) are inorganic substances
C) attach to enzymes to help them work
D) both b and c above

Question 27

Which of the following vitamins can be stored by the liver?

A) C
B) B
C) A
D) Both a and b above

Question 28

Evaporation is the

A) flow of heat waves away from the blood
B) transfer of heat to the skin and then to the external environment
C) absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization
D) none of the above

Question 29

The BMR

A) is usually less than the TMR
B) is usually greater than the TMR
C) increases as activity increases
D) both b and c above

Question 30

Which of the following is not true of ATP?

A) It contains adenosine.
B) It contains phosphate groups.
C) It contains three high-energy bonds.
D) All of the above are true of ATP.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a condition of the basal metabolic rate?

A) Resting but awake
B) In a cold environment
C) Not digesting a heavy meal
D) Both b and c above

Question 32

Which blood vessel allows blood from the digestive system to be sent directly to the liver?

A) Hepatic artery
B) Hepatic portal vein
C) Mesenteric vein
D) Inferior vena cava

Question 33

To safely lose weight

A) increase caloric intake above TMR
B) maintain caloric intake and reduce TMR
C) decrease caloric intake to below TMR
D) both a and b will cause weight loss

Question 34

The use the body makes of food describes which term?

A) Nutrition
B) Metabolism
C) Assimilation
D) Digestion

Question 35

The TMR

A) is usually less than the BMR
B) is usually greater than the BMR
C) increases as activity increases
D) both b and c above

Question 36

Most of the energy released from a glucose molecule in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is in the form of

A) high-energy electrons
B) ATP
C) ADP
D) both b and c above

Question 37

Vitamins

A) are organic compounds
B) are inorganic compounds
C) can be stored by the liver if they are water soluble
D) both a and c above

Question 38

Nonessential amino acids

A) are not used by the body
B) can be made by the body from other substances
C) are used only for catabolism
D) are found only in plant proteins

Question 39

Basal conditions refer to

A) a normal level of daily activity
B) an increase of activity above what is normal for you
C) conditions in which the person is awake but resting, not digesting food or in a cold environment
D) none of the above

Question 40

Convection is the

A) flow of heat waves away from the blood
B) transfer of heat to the skin and then to the external environment
C) absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization
D) none of the above

Question 41

About this much of the energy released from food molecules during catabolism is released as heat

A) 60%
B) 80%
C) 10%
D) 40%

Question 42

The liver produces bile for the emulsification of fat.

Question 43

In one molecule of ATP there

A) is one high-energy bond
B) are two high-energy bonds
C) are three high-energy bonds
D) are four high-energy bonds

Question 44

This vitamin acts as an antioxidant for the body

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E

Question 45

Glucose is the preferred energy food for the cells.

Question 46

Glycogenolysis occurs in

A) liver or muscle cells
B) in the cytoplasm of all cells
C) in the mitochondrion of all cells
D) both b and c

Question 47

The appetite center and the satiety center are located in the

A) thalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum

Question 48

The liver carries out the first steps in both protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 49

Assimilation includes both anabolism and catabolism.

Question 50

Every glucose molecule can produce this many ATP molecules

A) 16
B) 28
C) 36
D) 42

Question 51

Which of the following is categorized as a micronutrient?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fats
D) Mineral

Question 52

The end products of anabolism are larger and more complex than the starting substances.

Question 53

Catabolism releases energy from food molecules.

Question 54

Anabolism releases energy from food molecules.

Question 55

This vitamin plays an important role in detecting light in the cells of the retina

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E

Question 56

The first step in carbohydrate catabolism is glycolysis.

Question 57

Between meals,the concentration of glucose per 100 mL of blood is between

A) 40 and 70 mg
B) 60 and 90 mg
C) 80 and 110 mg
D) 110 and 145 mg

Question 58

Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 59

The liver produces plasma proteins such as prothrombin and fibrinogen.

Question 60

Thermoregulation is function of the

A) thalamus
B) hypothalamus
C) medulla
D) cerebellum

Question 61

An end product of glycolysis is lactic acid.

Question 62

Some of the end products of both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are heat and high-energy electrons.

Question 63

A person who has diabetes mellitus has a surplus of glucose and insulin in the blood.

Question 64

ATP is used to store energy in the cell.

Question 65

An end product of glycolysis is citric acid.

Question 66

One of the end products of the citric acid cycle is carbon dioxide.

Question 67

In the ATP-ADP cycle,the most important thing being added or lost in the ATP is energy.

Question 68

Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

Question 69

The catabolic reaction for glucose is called glycogenesis.

Question 70

ATP serves as the cell's direct source of energy.

Question 71

ATP is able to release energy more rapidly than energy stored in food molecules.

Question 72

Both insulin and hydrocortisone lower the blood concentration of glucose.

Question 73

Although glucose is the cell`s first choice as an energy source,it cannot use glucose directly.

Question 74

The end product of glycogenesis is glycogen.

Question 75

The only high-energy bond in ATP is between the second and third phosphate groups.

Question 76

The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 77

One of the end products of the citric acid cycle is ADP.

Question 78

All of the processes in carbohydrate catabolism require oxygen.

Question 79

ADP has no usable high-energy bonds.

Question 80

The citric acid cycle follows glycolysis.