Deck 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

The most abundant negative ion in blood plasma is

A) bicarbonate
B) chloride
C) hydroxide
D) phosphate

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) People with less body fat have more body water.
B) Infants have less water per pound than adults.
C) Females have more body water per pound than men.
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Aldosterone

A) is released by the pituitary gland
B) increases the urine volume
C) increases sodium reabsorption
D) all of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production?

A) Sodium
B) Iodine
C) Iron
D) Chloride

Question 5

The chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is to

A) adjust fluid intake so it equals fluid output
B) adjust fluid intake so it is slightly above fluid output
C) adjust fluid output so it equals fluid input
D) none of the above

Question 6

When dehydration begins to occur

A) the body reduces fluid output to zero
B) the body increases the release of ANH
C) the salivary secretions decrease
D) all of the above

Question 7

Sources of water intake include

A) the liquids we drink
B) water from the food we eat
C) water from metabolic processes
D) all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) People with more body fat have more body water.
B) Infants have less water per pound than adults.
C) Females have less water per pound than men.
D) Both a and c above.

Question 9

The most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body is the

A) kidney
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) skin

Question 10

Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?

A) Sodium
B) Iodine
C) Iron
D) Chloride

Question 11

In blood plasma

A) the number of positive ions is greater than the number of negative ions
B) the number of positive ions is less than the number of negative ions
C) the number of positive and negative ions are equal
D) there are no electrolytes

Question 12

The hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body is

A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) ANH
D) both a and b above

Question 13

The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the

A) kidney
B) lungs
C) skin
D) intestine

Question 14

The most abundant positive ion in blood plasma is

A) potassium
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) both potassium and sodium are in equal concentrations

Question 15

Extracellular fluid includes

A) plasma and intracellular fluid
B) interstitial and intracellular fluids
C) plasma and interstitial fluid
D) plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid

Question 16

The fluid that surrounds the cells is called

A) plasma
B) interstitial fluid
C) intracellular fluid
D) none of the above

Question 17

The hormone that increases the amount of water in the body is

A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) ANH
D) both a and b above

Question 18

Electrolytes

A) form when glucose is added to water
B) dissociate in water solutions
C) form ions in water solutions
D) both b and c above

Question 19

The fluid inside the cell is called

A) plasma
B) intracellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) both a and b above

Question 20

Aldosterone

A) increases sodium reabsorption by the kidney
B) increases water reabsorption
C) increases the water volume in extracellular fluid
D) all of the above

Question 21

The largest volume of water in the body is

A) plasma
B) the fluid inside the cells
C) interstitial fluid
D) lymph

Question 22

The largest volume of fluid in the body is in the plasma.

Question 23

Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?

A) Cerebrospinal fluid
B) The humors of the eye
C) Lymph
D) All of the above are extracellular fluids

Question 24

In dehydration

A) intercellular fluid volume drops first
B) plasma volume drops first
C) interstitial fluid drops first
D) neither interstitial nor intracellular fluid volume are affected

Question 25

Infants have less water per pound of body weight than do adults.

Question 26

Overhydration

A) occurs about as often as dehydration
B) can put too heavy a burden on the kidneys
C) can be caused by giving intravenous fluids too rapidly
D) none of the above

Question 27

The person with the greatest percentage of body water would be

A) an obese male
B) a nonobese male
C) a nonobese female
D) a newborn

Question 28

Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?

A) Lungs
B) Skin
C) Intestine
D) All of the above organs contribute to fluid output from the body

Question 29

The main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries is

A) blood pressure
B) sodium in the blood plasma
C) sodium in the interstitial fluid
D) protein in the blood plasma

Question 30

The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is

A) hyponatremia
B) hyperkalemia
C) hypernatremia
D) hypercalcemia

Question 31

A newborn can have a percentage of body water as high as

A) 80%
B) 70%
C) 60%
D) 90%

Question 32

The main water-holding force in the blood capillaries is

A) capillary blood pressure
B) sodium in the blood plasma
C) protein in the blood plasma
D) chloride in the blood plasma

Question 33

Three main fluid compartments of the body are intracellular fluid,extracellular fluid,and plasma.

Question 34

The most important negative ion in intracellular fluid is

A) phosphate ions
B) protein molecules
C) chlorine
D) both a and b above

Question 35

A decrease in blood protein concentration would tend to

A) increase interstitial fluid volume
B) decrease blood plasma volume
C) decrease interstitial fluid volume
D) both a and b above

Question 36

An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to

A) increase interstitial fluid volume
B) increase plasma volume
C) decrease interstitial fluid volume
D) both b and c above

Question 37

Dehydration can be caused by

A) prolonged vomiting
B) prolonged diarrhea
C) too little fluid intake
D) all of the above

Question 38

Two fluid compartments make up the interstitial fluid compartment: the extracellular fluid and the plasma.

Question 39

Under normal circumstances,the kidneys provide the greatest means of water loss.Which organ provides the second greatest?

A) Skin
B) Lungs
C) Intestines
D) Muscles

Question 40

The most common positive ion in intracellular fluid is

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) sodium
D) magnesium

Question 41

ANH is made by the heart.

Question 42

The compound glucose is an electrolyte.

Question 43

Aldosterone is released by the pituitary gland.

Question 44

ADH tends to increase the amount of urine produced.

Question 45

The compound sodium chloride is an electrolyte.

Question 46

The three main sources of fluid intake are the fluids we drink,the liquid in the foods we eat,and the water formed by metabolic processes.

Question 47

Men tend to have less water per pound of body weight than do women.

Question 48

ADH is released by the adrenal glands.

Question 49

The body regulates the amount of fluid lost by increasing or decreasing the amount of urine produced.

Question 50

The fluid output that changes most is the amount of sweat lost from the skin.

Question 51

In cases of dehydration,the body can reduce its fluid output to zero.

Question 52

Chloride,bicarbonate,and phosphate are examples of negative ions found in the body.

Question 53

ADH tends to increase the amount of water reabsorbed by the body.

Question 54

When electrolytes are dissolved in water they produce ions.

Question 55

Potassium,calcium,and magnesium are examples of positive ions found in the body.

Question 56

Fluid loss can occur from the kidneys,lungs,skin,or intestines.

Question 57

The most important mechanism in regulating fluid balance is to adjust fluid intake.

Question 58

Adults have less water per pound of body weight than do infants.

Question 59

Obese people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do slender people.

Question 60

Slender people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do obese people.

Question 61

The effect of aldosterone is to increase the volume of the extracellular fluid.

Question 62

Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.

Question 63

Capillary blood pressure is the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.

Question 64

The electrolyte iodine is important in the production of thyroid hormones.

Question 65

Increased arterial blood pressure causes the baroreceptors to stimulate the release of aldosterone.

Question 66

As the sodium content in the blood increases,the volume of urine increases.

Question 67

The most abundant positive ion in the blood is calcium.

Question 68

The electrolyte iron is important in the production of thyroid hormones.

Question 69

A decrease in capillary blood pressure or an increase in the plasma protein concentration would have about the same effect on the interstitial fluid.

Question 70

Plasma proteins are the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.

Question 71

Plasma proteins are the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.

Question 72

A reduction in capillary blood pressure would allow more blood to be pushed into the interstitial fluid.

Question 73

The most abundant negative ion in the blood is chloride.

Question 74

An increase in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.

Question 75

Where sodium goes,water follows.

Question 76

The electrolyte iron is important in the production of hemoglobin.

Question 77

In the blood,the total number of negative ions equals the total number of positive ions.

Question 78

A reduction in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.

Question 79

The kidney is the main regulator of sodium in the body.

Question 80

The main regulators of sodium in the body are the sweat glands of the skin and the intestines.