Deck 30: A: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Insulin comes from the beta cells of the pancreas.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

At the end of the cytochrome electron transport process,oxygen accepts two electrons and combines with two hydrogen ions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Heat released in catabolism is used as an energy source for cell functions.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All types of complex carbohydrates are broken down in the body into simpler carbohydrates before they are absorbed.

Question 5

Products derived from anabolism may differ from cell to cell.

Question 6

Incretins are released by the pancreas into the small intestines in response to high glucose concentration in the chyme.

Question 7

In the electron transport system,electrons moving down the carrier chain release bursts of energy used to pump neutrons into the compartment between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondrion.

Question 8

Metabolism requires the use of enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions.

Question 9

Hormones that cause the blood level of glucose to rise are called hypoglycemic.

Question 10

The conversion of proteins to glucose is an example of gluconeogenesis.

Question 11

Energy released and used for forming ATP comes from the ionization of oxygen.

Question 12

Oxidative phosphorylation refers to the joining of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

Question 13

Glucagon accelerates glycogenolysis in liver cells.

Question 14

Whereas insulin tends to decrease the blood glucose level,glucagon tends to increase it.

Question 15

Oxidative phosphorylation refers to the breakdown of ATP into ADP,phosphate,and energy in the presence of oxygen.

Question 16

Intermediate products formed during the Krebs cycle are all acids.

Question 17

Both epinephrine and glucagon accelerate liver and muscle glycogenolysis.

Question 18

All cells have basically the same metabolic rate.

Question 19

All cells have the ability to digest glycogen and release glucose into the blood.

Question 20

An evening meal is eaten at 6 PM.Nothing more is eaten until 8 AM.Glycogenolysis alone can maintain a normal blood sugar level between the two meals.

Question 21

The metabolic rate refers to the amount of energy released by catabolism.

Question 22

Waiting until after a 12- to 18-hour postabsorptive period had past would be necessary to obtain an accurate measure of the basal metabolic rate.

Question 23

Growth hormone is considered an anabolic hormone.

Question 24

Deamination,a process that occurs in the liver,is the first step in the catabolism of proteins.

Question 25

Both fatty acids and glycerol enter at the Krebs cycle to be catabolized.

Question 26

Some essential acids are used in the formation of phospholipids.

Question 27

Lipids are transported in blood as chylomicrons,lipoproteins,and free fatty acids.

Question 28

High blood concentrations of LDLs are associated with atherosclerosis.

Question 29

Proteins and fats are used primarily for catabolism.

Question 30

Fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies in the liver.

Question 31

Men and women who are the same age and the same body size usually oxidize food at the same rate.

Question 32

Some essential acids are used in the formation of prostaglandins.

Question 33

The basal metabolic rate usually constitutes about 85% to 90% of the total metabolic rate.

Question 34

Ammonia is a byproduct of the catabolism of fatty acids.

Question 35

When the metabolic rate decreases,the cells use less oxygen than normal.

Question 36

Essential fatty acids are not synthesized by the body and thus must be obtained from the diet.

Question 37

A high level of HDLs is associated with a low incidence of heart disease.

Question 38

Lipoproteins are produced primarily in the liver.

Question 39

Keto acids are formed in protein catabolism and can be oxidized in the citric acid cycle.

Question 40

Fats produce more than twice the amount of calories per gram than do carbohydrates.

Question 41

In the human body,anabolism would not be possible without catabolism.

Question 42

When the cell has sufficient oxygen,glycolysis does not occur.

Question 43

Carbohydrates and fats have a lower thermic effect than do proteins.

Question 44

It is correct to say that ATP functions as the universal biological energy currency.

Question 45

Adenosine triphosphate has three high-energy phosphate bonds.

Question 46

Minerals function in various chemical reactions such as nerve conduction and contraction in muscle fibers.

Question 47

One of the roles of pyruvic acid in anaerobic respiration is to convert NADH back to NAD.

Question 48

To maintain a constant body weight,caloric intake must equal caloric output.

Question 49

Protein-poor diets,starvation,and wasting illnesses produce a negative nitrogen balance.

Question 50

Monosaccharides do not need to be digested but can be absorbed directly into the internal environment.

Question 51

Nutrition can be explained most simply by describing it as the way your body uses food.

Question 52

Nutrition can be defined in part as the process by which the organism ingests,digests,absorbs,transports,utilizes,and excretes food substances.

Question 53

Strong evidence supports the usefulness of vitamin supplements for athletic performance.

Question 54

The liver cells make some proteins for export.

Question 55

Assimilation is an intracellular event.

Question 56

Pyruvic acid has twice the number of carbon atoms as does glucose.

Question 57

The citric acid cycle begins with a molecule of pyruvic acid joining with a molecule of citric acid.

Question 58

The cells add phosphate to glucose so it can pass through the cell membrane more easily.

Question 59

Body weight increases when energy input is less than energy output.

Question 60

Protein catabolism occurs at the ribosome.

Question 61

When NADH gains energy,it becomes NAD.

Question 62

Nutrient anabolism is required to rebuild ADP into ATP.

Question 63

Lipids can be broken down by glycolysis.

Question 64

Oxygen is required for the last step of glycolysis.

Question 65

Polysaccharides,disaccharides,and monosaccharides have to be digested before they can be absorbed into the internal environment.

Question 66

The end product of glycolysis,pyruvic acid,is the starting substance for the citric acid cycle.

Question 67

In the electron transport system,the energy in one FAD molecule is used to form two ATP molecules.

Question 68

Adenosine diphosphate has only two high-energy phosphate bonds.

Question 69

Although cellulose has no nutrient value,it may be helpful in lowering the risk of some cancers.

Question 70

Carbohydrates are the body's first choice of energy.As such,they are used exclusively for catabolism.

Question 71

Most vegetables are an excellent source of essential amino acids.

Question 72

The level of glucose in the blood has an impact on the appetite center.

Question 73

Both NAD and FAD can be used by the cell to transfer energy.

Question 74

The acetyl group is carried to the citric acid cycle by coenzyme A.

Question 75

The basal metabolic rate is the smallest amount of energy needed to maintain life.

Question 76

Most vitamins are organic substances that act as coenzymes.

Question 77

The monosaccharides fructose,glucose,and galactose are all equally useful to the cell.

Question 78

Glycolysis releases only about 25% of the energy stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule.

Question 79

ATP is useful for the long-term storage of chemical energy derived from nutrients.

Question 80

The process of glycolysis produces four molecules of ATP,but the cell gains only two molecules of ATP.