Deck 31: A: Urinary System

Question 1

The outer portion of the kidney is referred to as the cortex.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Blood enters the glomerulus through afferent arterioles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent arterioles and then moves into peritubular capillaries.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A cushion of fat normally encases a kidney and helps hold it in position.

Question 5

As the basic functional unit of the kidney,the nephron's function is blood plasma processing and urine formation.

Question 6

In both males and females,the urethra serves urinary and reproductive functions.

Question 7

There are three openings in the floor of the urinary bladder-two from the ureters and one into the urethra.

Question 8

Blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent venules.

Question 9

The capsular space is a microscopic space between the glomerulus and the parietal layer of Bowman capsule.

Question 10

A glomerulus is a group of capillaries located in a Bowman capsule.

Question 11

The urinary meatus is the tube leading from the bladder to the exterior.

Question 12

The principle organs of the urinary system are the kidneys.

Question 13

The renal tubule is made up of simple squamous and simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 14

The renal corpuscle is another name for the nephron.

Question 15

The kidneys are located in the right and left iliac regions of the abdomen.

Question 16

Each renal papilla juts into a cuplike structure called the renal pyramid.

Question 17

Generally,the right kidney is larger than the left kidney.

Question 18

The kidneys influence secretion of the hormone aldosterone.

Question 19

The outer portion of the kidney is called the medulla.

Question 20

The kidney could best be described as pear-shaped.

Question 21

An increase in ADH causes a decrease in the osmolarity of urine.

Question 22

ADH and aldosterone both attempt to decrease urine output.

Question 23

In the proximal tubule of the nephron,glucose and amino acids are transported with sodium and actively move out of the tubule fluid by means of the sodium cotransport mechanism.

Question 24

Filtrate in the descending limb of the Henle loop has the highest osmolality.

Question 25

Creatinine is often measured to determine normal kidney function.

Question 26

The kidney filters out only harmful and excess material.

Question 27

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to systemic blood pressure.

Question 28

Urine consists of approximately 75% water.

Question 29

Both ADH and aldosterone attempt to decrease normal urine output.

Question 30

Aldosterone tends to increase urine volume,thereby promoting water loss.

Question 31

Both sodium and glucose are moved into the peritubular capillaries by the active transport process.

Question 32

When compared with most other capillaries in the body,the capillaries in the glomerulus have many more pores.

Question 33

Glomerular endothelium is similar to tissue capillary endothelium in that both have approximately the same number of pores,or fenestrations.

Question 34

When the mean arterial blood pressure doubles,so does glomerular filtration.

Question 35

With increased ADH,urine becomes hypotonic to blood.

Question 36

An increase in solutes in the urine will cause an increase in the urine output.

Question 37

A hydrostatic pressure gradient causes fluids to move from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule.

Question 38

A hydrostatic pressure gradient drives the filtration of much of the plasma into the nephron.

Question 39

Glycosuria refers to blood in the urine.

Question 40

The reabsorption of electrolytes by the peritubular capillaries will cause obligatory water reabsorption.

Question 41

The urinary system can be seen as a urine producer and a blood plasma balancer.

Question 42

Kidney disease can be diagnosed by taking a tissue sample by means of a needle biopsy.

Question 43

Nitrogen wastes are removed only by the urinary system.

Question 44

Contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the internal sphincter are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 45

The renal pyramids are in the medulla of the kidney.

Question 46

Gravity moves urine from the kidney to the bladder through the ureter.

Question 47

The connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures is called the renal cortex.

Question 48

The kidney is similar to the hepatic portal system because it has a venule connecting two capillary beds-the glomerulus and the peritubular capillaries.

Question 49

About 10% of the blood pumped by the heart per minute goes to the kidneys.

Question 50

A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher-than-normal solute concentration in the urine.

Question 51

The detrusor muscle is the name given to the smooth muscle that makes up the bladder.

Question 52

One factor that influences the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus is the difference in diameter between the efferent and afferent arterioles.

Question 53

The renal artery branches directly from the abdominal aorta.

Question 54

The proximal tubule is called "proximal" because it is nearest to Bowman capsule.

Question 55

Freshly voided urine is generally acidic.

Question 56

The fibrous adventitia covers only the superior surface of the bladder; the rest is covered by the parietal peritoneum.

Question 57

In the blood vessels in the kidney,lobar arterioles divide to become segmental arterioles.

Question 58

The myogenic mechanism helps regulate GFR by regulating the diameter of the efferent arterioles.

Question 59

The volume of urine is normally determined by the glomerular filtration rate.

Question 60

The calyx surrounds the renal papilla.

Question 61

The male urethra is about twice as long as the female urethra.

Question 62

Electrolytes are excreted by both the urinary and integumentary systems.

Question 63

The bladder has two main functions: to serve as a reservoir for urine until it leaves the body and,aided by the urethra,expels urine from the body

Question 64

The folds in the bladder wall are called rugae.

Question 65

The blood vessel that surrounds the loop of Henle is called the vasa recta.

Question 66

The prostatic urethra is found only in men.

Question 67

Structures such as the ureter and blood vessels enter and leave the kidney through the hilum.

Question 68

The three openings on the bladder floor make up the trigone.

Question 69

The kidneys are surrounded by fat and are enclosed by the parietal peritoneum.

Question 70

Micturition is the process of voiding urine.

Question 71

When urine "backs up," causing swelling in the renal pelvis and calyces,the condition is called hydronephrosis.

Question 72

The mechanism of voiding urine begins with the involuntary relaxation of the external sphincter muscle.

Question 73

The urinary bladder is a collapsible bag located behind the symphysis pubis.

Question 74

The function of the slit diaphragm is to prevent the filtration slits from closing under pressure.

Question 75

The transitional epithelium that lines the bladder wall is one factor that allows the bladder to distend.

Question 76

The kidney and bladder are the principal organs of the urinary system.

Question 77

The respiratory system is the only system that removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Question 78

Proteinuria can indicate damage in the glomerular-capsular membrane.

Question 79

The hilum is a concave notch on the lateral side of the kidney.

Question 80

The primary cilium of the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules act as mechanoreceptors to regulate the flow of filtrate through the tube.