Deck 33: Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Venous blood returning from the lungs would have a higher pH than blood returning from the inferior vena cava.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Saliva is normally acidic.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A blood pH of 7.1 indicates the body is more acidic than normal.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The kidney gets rid of excess hydrogen ions by the process of filtration.

Question 5

The protein buffer system represents a chemical buffer system in the body with a delayed response time.

Question 6

Mineral elements that are acidic include potassium,calcium,and sodium.

Question 7

Blood buffers work primarily by preventing marked changes in blood pH.

Question 8

A chloride shift that occurs in the neutralization of carbonic acid involves the replacement of a bicarbonate ion for chloride ions.

Question 9

High-protein foods are referred to as acid-forming.

Question 10

Direct acid-forming foods contain acids that cannot be metabolized.

Question 11

The physiological buffers serve as a secondary defense against harmful shifts in the pH of body fluids.

Question 12

Arterial blood has a lower pH than venous blood.

Question 13

Citrus fruits are mainly acid-forming when metabolized.

Question 14

The respiratory system is an important buffer system.

Question 15

Most body fluid buffer pairs contain a strong base and a weak acid.

Question 16

Normally the blood buffer system converts a strong acid to a weak acid.

Question 17

Stomach acid is the most alkaline substance in the body.

Question 18

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

Question 19

Potassium,calcium,sodium,and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Question 20

A vegetarian diet would tend to produce an alkaline state in body fluids.

Question 21

Under normal body conditions,the chemical buffer system can maintain normal body pH.

Question 22

An increase in the base bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio causes a decrease in the pH.

Question 23

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules,the more potassium ions excreted.

Question 24

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

Question 25

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Question 26

Overall,the kidney is less effective in controlling blood hydrogen ion concentration than is the respiratory system.

Question 27

An elevated blood bicarbonate level may be an indication that the kidneys are excreting hydrogen ions.

Question 28

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

Question 29

Strong evidence shows that bicarbonate loading counteracts the effects of lactic acid buildup in athletes.

Question 30

Ammonia excretion causes the body to retain sodium ions.

Question 31

The chloride shift makes it possible for carbon dioxide to be buffered in the red blood cell and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma.

Question 32

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme necessary for the formation of carbonic acid in the kidney tubules.

Question 33

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

Question 34

An increase in blood pH above normal may result in hypoventilation.

Question 35

An increase in ammonium ion excretion occurs when there is an increase in blood pH.

Question 36

Ketone bodies are buffered mainly by plasma proteins.

Question 37

An increase in the base bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio causes uncompensated acidosis.

Question 38

The type of acid formed when carbon dioxide and water unite is carbonic acid.

Question 39

The compensatory mechanisms that respond to acidosis may lead to hyperkalemia and cause heart blockage or death.

Question 40

Cranberries are said to direct acid-forming foods.

Question 41

A diet that is very high in protein or very high in fruits and vegetables would tax the body's ability to maintain acid-base balance.

Question 42

Because intracellular fluid is in equilibrium with interstitial fluid and blood plasma,it also has a pH of 7.41.

Question 43

pH is used to represent the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a liter of solution.

Question 44

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

Question 45

A change in pH can make an important enzyme in the cell unable to function.

Question 46

A solution with a pH of 7 would have no hydrogen ions in solution.

Question 47

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Question 48

The function of a number of proteins in the body requires that the normal hydrogen ion concentration be maintained.

Question 49

In clinical medicine,acidosis can occur when the arterial blood is still basic.

Question 50

The blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower pH than the blood in the aorta.

Question 51

When NaOH is added to a buffered solution,one of the substances produced is water.

Question 52

The control of acid and base levels is considered a homeostatic mechanism.

Question 53

On the pH scale,as the value moves from 14 toward 7,the concentration of hydroxide ions decreases.

Question 54

Distilled water (pure water)contains equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Question 55

A buffer would prevent any lowering of pH if a strong acid were added to a solution.

Question 56

On the pH scale,as the value moves from 1 toward 7,the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.

Question 57

The metabolism of ribonucleotides increases the hydrogen ion concentration of intracellular fluid.

Question 58

On the pH scale,as the value moves from 14 toward 7,the concentration of hydroxide ions increases.

Question 59

On the pH scale,as the value moves from 1 toward 7,the concentration of hydrogen ions increases.

Question 60

The metabolism of ribonucleotides increases the hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluid.

Question 61

Both the distal tubule cells and the red blood cells use carbonic anhydrase to help combine carbon dioxide and water.

Question 62

Buffers are said to consist of a weak acid and its salt.When the ratio is written out,the salt goes above the line and the weak acid goes below the line.

Question 63

The more an acid dissociates,the stronger the acid is said to be.

Question 64

The loss of chloride from the stomach will tend to lower the pH of the body.

Question 65

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Question 66

Rhubarb is said to be a direct base-forming food.

Question 67

The proximal and distal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the urine.

Question 68

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions,which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

Question 69

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Question 70

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Question 71

Because saline solutions have chloride in them,they can be used to treat metabolic alkalosis caused by vomiting.

Question 72

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Question 73

Vomiting results in acidosis because of the loss of chloride from the stomach.

Question 74

To function properly,the bicarbonate buffer system must have 20 times more H₂CO₃ than NaHCO₃.

Question 75

Bicarbonate loading can lead to metabolic acidosis and disastrous effects if used long-term.

Question 76

Vomiting results in alkalosis because of the loss of sodium from the stomach.

Question 77

The chloride shift occurs to correct an electrical imbalance,not an acid-base imbalance.

Question 78

For the bicarbonate buffer system to function,both the absolute amount and the ratio of the components must remain constant.

Question 79

Bicarbonate loading can lead to diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.

Question 80

Life-threatening vomiting can occur both in infants and in pregnant women.