Deck 5: Cell Growth and Reproduction

Question 1

The enzyme DNA polymerase coordinates the mechanism of obligatory base pairing.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of DNA replication.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In normal mitosis,the two daughter cells are identical genetically to the parent cell.

Question 5

Protein synthesis begins with translation.

Question 6

Normal meiosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 7

The mitochondria are unique organelles because they are able to replicate themselves.

Question 8

Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size,whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number.

Question 9

One significant similarity between RNA and DNA is that they both are shaped as a polypeptide chain.

Question 10

Anaplasia is a state in which cells fail to differentiate into specialized cell types.

Question 11

The terms cytokinesis and mitosis mean the same thing.

Question 12

The anticodon on the tRNA molecule has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule except that uracil would replace thymine.

Question 13

It is during meiosis phase I that the number of chromosomes is halved.

Question 14

The anticodon on a tRNA molecule has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule.

Question 15

Gamete is the result of a somatic cells undergoing mitosis.

Question 16

A major function of DNA is to instruct the ribosome,through tRNA,concerning which protein is to be synthesized.

Question 17

A nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a ribose sugar,phosphoric acid,and a nitrogenous base.

Question 18

In transcription,the DNA of the cell is edited and the introns are removed.

Question 19

Genes determine polypeptide structure,which determines the structure of enzymes and structural proteins,which determine the cell's functions and structure.

Question 20

Chromosomes align across the equator of the spindle fibers during anaphase of mitosis.

Question 21

Anticodons make up part of the messenger RNA because they are opposite of the DNA codon.

Question 22

Uracil must by a pyrimidine nitrogen base.

Question 23

A polyribosome is making several copies of the same protein molecule.

Question 24

If the original DNA code was CAA,the transfer RNA for that strand of DNA would be CAA.

Question 25

A human gene is a segment of the DNA molecule.

Question 26

A DNA codon consists of three nucleotides.

Question 27

Introns carry the code for the making of a protein.

Question 28

The number of cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes varies greatly during the life of a cell.

Question 29

What differentiates one DNA nucleotide from another is whether it has a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar.

Question 30

Examples of noncoding RNA are messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA.

Question 31

Protein synthesis is the central building process for cell growth and maintenance.

Question 32

DNA synthesis occurs during prophase in mitosis.

Question 33

Atrophy and hypertrophy occurs most often in fat cells as the body stores or uses fat.

Question 34

The distance between the two uprights in the DNA ladder is always equal to the total distance of one purine and one pyrimidine nitrogen base.

Question 35

A type of ribonucleic acid that can stimulate translation is called RNAi.

Question 36

If the original DNA was ATCGGA,the messenger RNA formed from this DNA would be TUGCCT.

Question 37

The "rungs" of the DNA ladder are made up of either deoxyribose sugar or phosphoric acid.

Question 38

Editing of the mRNA begins when a modified adenine base is added to one end of the RNA strand.

Question 39

A human gene is made up of about 250 DNA nucleotides.

Question 40

The term neoplasm is another word for tumor.

Question 41

Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome where they are added to the protein being built.

Question 42

If the haploid number of chromosomes for a cell is 24,there would be 12 chromosomes in the gamete.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Amino acid chains form DNA.
B) The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
C) Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine.
D) None of the above is true.

Question 44

A sequence of three bases forms a(n):

A) codon.
B) anticodon.
C) amino acid.
D) polypeptide bond.

Question 45

The centromere holds two chromatids together.

Question 46

Telomeres are strands of nucleotides at the end of the chromosome that are expendable and are not needed for formation of proteins.

Question 47

The complete set of proteins that can be made by the cell is called its proteome.

Question 48

During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell?

A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase

Question 49

Which of the following is not true of RNA?

A) It is a single strand.
B) It contains uracil rather than thymine.
C) The obligatory base pairs are adenine and uracil, and guanine and cytosine.
D) It contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 50

If a protein is not folded properly,chaperone proteins can break it down and recycle the individual amino acids.

Question 51

During prophase,chromosomes become chromatin,the nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers form.

Question 52

Transcription can be best described as the:

A) degradation of tRNA.
B) reading of mRNA codons by tRNA.
C) replication of DNA.
D) synthesis of mRNA.

Question 53

A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except:

A) double helix shape.
B) obligatory base pairing.
C) ribose sugar.
D) phosphate groups.

Question 54

When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers,it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis?

A) Prophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 55

The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory.If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG,what would be the obligated sequence of its opposing base pairs?

A) TAGC
B) CGAT
C) GCTA
D) ATCG

Question 56

Telophase is the last stage of mitosis and if cytokinesis is going to occur it begins at this stage.

Question 57

An individual's entire set of DNA can be referred to as a:

A) chromosome.
B) chromatid.
C) genome.
D) cytokinesis.

Question 58

Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to:

A) atrophy.
B) hypertrophy.
C) undergo hyperplasia.
D) undergo anaplasia.

Question 59

All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except:

A) chromosome number remains at 46.
B) primitive sex cells become mature gametes.
C) the cells become haploid.
D) meiosis occurs in two steps.

Question 60

The correct order of the phases of mitosis is:

A) anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase.
B) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
C) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase.
D) anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase.

Question 61

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Interphase

Question 62

In protein synthesis,some segments of the RNA transcript represent noncoding parts of the DNA.These are called:

A) exons.
B) codons.
C) introns.
D) spliceosomes.

Question 63

DNA replication occurs during:

A) prophase.
B) telophase.
C) metaphase.
D) none of the above.

Question 64

Which is the complete set of proteins that can be produced by the cell?

A) Proteasome
B) Proteome
C) Chaperone
D) Polyribosome

Question 65

If the original DNA code was ACG,the tRNA that would transfer the correct amino acid would have which sequence of nucleotides?

A) UCG
B) ACG
C) UGC
D) Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Question 66

The end product of the process of translation is a(n):

A) mRNA molecule.
B) tRNA molecule.
C) protein.
D) new DNA molecule.

Question 67

Which is capable of properly refolding an improperly refolded protein molecule?

A) Proteasome
B) Proteome
C) Chaperone
D) Polyribosome

Question 68

If the original DNA code was ACG,the mRNA that would be formed would be:

A) UCG.
B) AGC.
C) UGC.
D) Not enough information is given to answer the question.

Question 69

In humans,one gene consists of about how many nucleotide pairs?

A) 10,000
B) 1000
C) 100
D) 50

Question 70

If a species of animal had 16 pairs of chromosomes in its normal body cells,its gametes would contain _____ chromosomes.

A) 16
B) 8
C) 32
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 71

Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor?

A) Anaplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Neoplasm
D) Benign

Question 72

The end product of the process of transcription is a(n):

A) mRNA molecule.
B) tRNA molecule.
C) protein.
D) new DNA molecule.

Question 73

The G₁ and G₂ phases of cell growth are separated by:

A) anaphase.
B) the S phase.
C) telophase.
D) both A and C.

Question 74

In the DNA molecule,obligatory base pairing always pairs

A) A-G.
B) C-T.
C) A-T.
D) both A and B.

Question 75

If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A,which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid?

A) It contains deoxyribose sugar.
B) It could be found only in the nucleus.
C) It contains ribose sugar.
D) Both A and B are true.

Question 76

Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as:

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) myoid.
D) dioid.

Question 77

The structure that holds two newly replicated DNA strands together is the:

A) centromere.
B) telomere.
C) spindle.
D) chromatid.

Question 78

Interphase does not include which of the following?

A) M phase
B) G1 phase
C) G2 phase
D) S phase

Question 79

Which is capable of destroying improperly folded proteins that could possibly harm the cell?

A) Proteasome
B) Proteome
C) Chaperone
D) Polyribosome

Question 80

The membranous organelle in the cytoplasm that is able to replicate itself is the:

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) mitochondrion.
C) lysosome.
D) ribosome.