Deck 8: A: Skeletal Tissues

Question 1

The hardness of bone is related to its two major mineral components-calcium and iron.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Haversian systems are found only in compact bone.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Haversian systems are found only in cancellous bone.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Flat bones differ from short bones in that flat bones have an inner portion of cancellous bone covered on the outside with compact bone.

Question 5

Most bones of the body are formed from cartilage models.

Question 6

Osteogenesis involves the combined action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Question 7

Red marrow is found only in long bones.

Question 8

Hydroxyapatite consists of highly specialized chemical crystals of calcium and phosphate.

Question 9

The homeostasis of blood calcium is maintained by its moving into and out of bone tissue.

Question 10

Throughout life,ossification and resorption continue to occur concurrently.

Question 11

The tensile strength of bone is nearly equal to that of cast iron,but much lighter.

Question 12

The periosteum is a dense,white,fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces.

Question 13

The strength of bone is increased by the arrangement of trabeculae.

Question 14

In an infant's or child's body,virtually all of the bones contain yellow marrow.

Question 15

Bone tissue consists mostly of cells dispersed in a limited amount of matrix.

Question 16

Bone tissue is also called osseous tissue.

Question 17

During childhood and adolescence,ossification and bone resorption occur at equal rates.

Question 18

The epiphyses consist mostly of compact bone,usually with yellow marrow in the center.

Question 19

Osteoclasts are nondividing osteoblasts that have become surrounded by matrix and lie within lacunae.

Question 20

Variations in the amount of ossification and resorption of bone tissue are age dependent.

Question 21

Another name for compact bone is cancellous bone.

Question 22

The endosteum usually surrounds yellow marrow in an adult.

Question 23

Myeloid tissue is another name for bone marrow.

Question 24

Bones are the organs of the skeletal system.

Question 25

The region between the epiphyses and the diaphysis in a mature bone is called the metaphysis.

Question 26

The type of cartilage growth most prevalent in childhood and early adolescence is interstitial or endogenous growth.

Question 27

Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes in the deep layer of the perichondrium begin to divide and secrete additional matrix.

Question 28

Interstitial growth of cartilage most often occurs during adulthood.

Question 29

Both cartilage and bone contain living cells and are vascular tissues.

Question 30

Weight-bearing exercises will tend to increase the likelihood of osteoporosis in the elderly.

Question 31

In young children,vitamin A and protein deficiency can cause a decrease in the thickness of epiphyseal plates in the growing long bones.

Question 32

The bones of the skull and the ribs are examples of flat bones.

Question 33

Articular cartilage can be defined as a layer of elastic cartilage that covers the joint surface.

Question 34

Callus tissue binds the broken ends of a fractured bone.

Question 35

The occurrence of osteoporosis seems to be related to age and gender.

Question 36

Because each bone has a specific function,it is made of either all compact or all spongy bone.

Question 37

Part of the bone matrix is made of inorganic substances.

Question 38

Osteoporosis occurs more often in elderly women than in males.

Question 39

The periosteum is a connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

Question 40

A major difference between bone tissue and cartilage is the makeup of the matrix.

Question 41

The layer of cancellous bone between two layers of compact bone is called diploë.

Question 42

The terms haversian system and osteon are interchangeable.

Question 43

Canaliculi are small openings in the lamella where bone cells are found.

Question 44

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are of equal importance in regulating the calcium level of the blood.

Question 45

Without the canaliculi,the bone cells in compact bone would die of starvation and lack of oxygen.

Question 46

In an adult who is anemic or has been exposed to radiation or toxic chemicals,yellow bone marrow can become red bone marrow again.

Question 47

Transverse canals are located in the center of the osteon.

Question 48

Osteoblasts secrete the inorganic salts that make up the structure of bone.

Question 49

Calcitonin is released when the blood calcium levels are too high.

Question 50

Chondroitin sulfate is an important compound in ground substance.

Question 51

Lamellae and lacunae are interchangeable terms.

Question 52

The components of the inorganic matrix maintain the smooth surface and springy consistency of the bone.

Question 53

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too high.

Question 54

Both membrane and endochondral bone grow by interior expansion.

Question 55

Because bone is connective tissue,a fractured bone will never heal and be as strong as before the fracture.

Question 56

Because of repeated wear and tear,athletes and dancers tend to have less dense bones than people who exercise less often.

Question 57

Osteoclasts are large,multinucleate cells that erode bone minerals.

Question 58

Initially,endochondral bone grows from the epiphyses toward the diaphysis.

Question 59

Both compact and spongy,or cancellous,bone have canaliculi.

Question 60

An important part of the bone matrix is a mixture of protein and polysaccharide called ground substance.

Question 61

One function of bone is to provide a place to make blood cells.

Question 62

The endosteum is necessary for bone healing and bone remodeling.

Question 63

There are more than 200 bones in the human body.

Question 64

All the lamellae in compact bone are found to be part of the osteon.

Question 65

When a compact bone is put under mechanical stress,it responds by forming wider osteons to help better distribute the stress.

Question 66

The body contains more spongy bone than it does compact bone.

Question 67

The inorganic salts that make up the bone matrix are equally divided between hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate.

Question 68

Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body.

Question 69

The term woven bone is used to describe new bone.

Question 70

Chondroitin is an amino sugar that is important in cartilage formation.

Question 71

The internal table is the term used to describe the spongy bone on the interior of the skull.

Question 72

Most of the matrix in bone is composed of inorganic rather than organic material.

Question 73

One function of bone is to store calcium and phosphorous for the body.

Question 74

Short bones are made up of only spongy bone.

Question 75

The blood-making function of bone is carried out by yellow marrow or myeloid tissue in the medullary cavity.

Question 76

When cancellous bone is put under mechanical stress,it responds by remodeling its trabecula in a different direction and by increasing their diameter.

Question 77

The inner circumferential lamellae can be found directly under the periosteum.

Question 78

The patella or kneecap is the only sesamoid bone ever found in the human body.

Question 79

Sesamoid bones develop in tendons near a joint.

Question 80

The compact bone that is superficial to the diploë in the skull is called the external table.