Deck 13: B: Nervous System Cells

Question 1

A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron.

A) multipolar
B) bipolar
C) unipolar
D) multidendritic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:

A) myelinated fibers.
B) nuclei.
C) unmyelinated fibers.
D) ganglia.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the:

A) somatic nervous system.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) central nervous system.
D) afferent division.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A) Integrating sensory information
B) Evaluating the information
C) Initiating an outgoing response
D) All of the above are functions of the CNS.

Question 5

Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have:

A) nodes of Ranvier.
B) a neurilemma.
C) a myelin sheath.
D) neurofibrils.

Question 6

The myelin sheath is formed by:

A) Nissl bodies.
B) nodes of Ranvier.
C) Schwann cells.
D) neuron cell bodies.

Question 7

Which is true of a reflex arc?

A) It does not involve the brain.
B) It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron.
C) It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, and an interneuron.
D) It always consists of an afferent neuron, an efferent neuron, the brain, and the spinal cord.

Question 8

The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is:

A) the membrane potential moves immediately to a value of +30 mV.
B) the potassium channels open.
C) the sodium channels are inactivated.
D) some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open.

Question 9

A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):

A) motor neuron.
B) sensory neuron.
C) interneuron.
D) bipolar neuron.

Question 10

The largest and most numerous type(s)of neuroglia is(are)the:

A) astrocytes.
B) microglia.
C) ependymal cells.
D) oligodendrocytes.

Question 11

Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:

A) endoneurium.
B) perineurium.
C) macroneurium.
D) epineurium.

Question 12

The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consists of the _____ nervous systems.

A) peripheral and afferent
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic
C) sympathetic and efferent
D) parasympathetic and somatic

Question 13

Most unipolar neurons are usually:

A) motor neurons.
B) neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
C) sensory neurons.
D) neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 14

Which is true of an action potential?

A) The plasma membrane is impermeable to Na+ and K+ ions.
B) Na+ ions move extracellularly.
C) The charges become equal on the outside and inside of the plasma membrane.
D) The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is positively charged.

Question 15

Neurons in the central nervous system have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except:

A) there is no neurolemma in cells of the central nervous system.
B) astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth.
C) microglia lay down scar tissue.
D) All of these lessen the chance of healing in the central nervous system.

Question 16

Which is not true of the myelin sheath?

A) It is associated with white fibers in the brain.
B) It is important for nerve impulse conduction.
C) It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.
D) It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis.

Question 17

Multipolar neurons have:

A) multiple axons and multiple dendrites.
B) multiple axons and one dendrite.
C) multiple dendrites and one axon.
D) one dendrite and one axon.

Question 18

Along a neuron,the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:

A) dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor.
B) dendrite, cell body, and axon.
C) axon, cell body, and dendrite.
D) receptor, axon, and cell body.

Question 19

Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of:

A) nerve fibers.
B) neuroglia.
C) axons.
D) cell bodies.

Question 20

Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential?

A) The cell membrane is permeable to Na+ but impermeable to K+ ions.
B) The outer surface of the plasma membrane has a negative charge.
C) The highest concentration of K+ is extracellular.
D) The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane.

Question 21

Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to:

A) presynaptic terminals.
B) the synaptic cleft.
C) the base of the axon.
D) receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 22

During a relative refractory period:

A) the action potential cannot be initiated.
B) a resting potential exists.
C) the cell membrane is impermeable to Na+ and K+.
D) the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus.

Question 23

A lack of which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson disease?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Endorphins
C) Dopamine
D) Enkephalins

Question 24

Which of the following is true of spatial summation?

A) Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
B) Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
C) Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
D) Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released.

Question 25

A synapse consists of:

A) a synaptic knob.
B) a synaptic cleft.
C) the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron.
D) all of the above.

Question 26

Excitatory neurotransmitters are most likely to:

A) increase the speed of impulse conduction.
B) make the cell membrane impermeable.
C) initiate an action potential.
D) make the resting potential more negative.

Question 27

When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node,the type of impulse conduction is called:

A) repolarization.
B) refraction.
C) saltatory conduction.
D) diffusion.

Question 28

A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is called a _____ potential.

A) membrane
B) resting membrane
C) local
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 29

For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential,which of the following channels must open?

A) Sodium and potassium channels
B) Potassium and/or chloride channels
C) Sodium and chloride channels
D) Only the sodium channels

Question 30

Serotonin is an example of a(n):

A) amino acid neurotransmitter.
B) amine neurotransmitter.
C) acetylcholine derivative.
D) neuropeptide neurotransmitter.

Question 31

The only ion(s)that can diffuse across a neuron's membrane when the neuron is at rest is(are):

A) sodium.
B) potassium.
C) proteins.
D) phosphate.

Question 32

When an impulse reaches a synapse:

A) two nerve fibers come in direct contact.
B) impulses will pass in either direction.
C) an electrical spark will jump the gap.
D) chemical transmitters are released.

Question 33

Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of:

A) acetylcholine.
B) amines.
C) amino acids.
D) neuropeptides.

Question 34

Within the nervous system,coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through:

A) changes in the magnitude of the action potential.
B) changes in the length or duration of the action potential.
C) the frequency of nerve impulses.
D) an increase in the number of opening sodium channels.

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters?

A) Triglycerides
B) Amines
C) Amino acids
D) Neuropeptides

Question 36

The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct impulses up to approximately _____ meters per second.

A) 60
B) 85
C) 130
D) 190

Question 37

Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?

A) Water
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Glucose
D) Dopamine

Question 38

Which of the following statements about amino acid neurotransmitters is incorrect?

A) They are among the most common neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
B) They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters.
C) Glycine is a widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord.
D) All of the above statements are correct.

Question 39

The neurotransmitter(s)that inhibit(s)the conduction of pain impulses is(are):

A) acetylcholine.
B) enkephalins.
C) dopamine.
D) norepinephrine.

Question 40

A synaptic knob would be located on a(n):

A) cell body.
B) axon.
C) dendrite.
D) cell body, axon, or dendrite.

Question 41

Which of the following antidepressants acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO)?

A) Phenelzine
B) Imipramine
C) Amitriptyline
D) Cocaine

Question 42

One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is:

A) astrocytes.
B) neurons.
C) myelin.
D) oligodendrocytes.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a factor in the velocity of nerve impulse conduction?

A) Length
B) Diameter
C) Whether or not it is myelinated
D) Neither B nor C

Question 44

The nervous system is organized to do which of the following?

A) Detect changes in the external environment
B) Detect changes in the internal environment
C) Evaluate changes in the environment
D) All of the above

Question 45

Dopamine,epinephrine,and norepinephrine are classified as:

A) acetylcholine.
B) neuropeptides.
C) catecholamines.
D) none of the above.

Question 46

Interneurons reside in the:

A) CNS and peripheral nervous system.
B) CNS only.
C) peripheral nervous system only.
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 47

Which of the following is not used by the body as a neurotransmitter?

A) Nitric oxide
B) Peroxide
C) Carbon monoxide
D) All of the above are used by the body as neurotransmitters.

Question 48

Acetylcholine is in the same class of neurotransmitters as:

A) serotonin.
B) histamine.
C) dopamine.
D) none of the above.

Question 49

The telodendria are:

A) the receptor portion of the dendrite.
B) where the dendrite attaches to the cell body.
C) where the axon leaves the cell body.
D) none of the above.

Question 50

Small distinct regions of gray matter in the central nervous system are called:

A) nuclei.
B) tracts.
C) ganglia.
D) axons.

Question 51

Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves.

A) sensory
B) motor
C) mixed
D) Schwann

Question 52

Which of the following statements does not apply to ependymal cells?

A) They form the sheets of cells that line fluid-filled cavities in the brain.
B) They make up part of the blood-brain barrier.
C) They produce fluid that fills the cavities in the brain.
D) They have cilia to move fluid in the brain.

Question 53

Astrocytes attach to:

A) neurons.
B) oligodendrocytes.
C) blood vessels.
D) both A and C.

Question 54

In the human nervous system:

A) most of the cells are neurons.
B) most of the cells are glia cells.
C) there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons.
D) the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system.

Question 55

In a three-neuron reflex arc,the afferent neurons synapse with the:

A) interneuron.
B) efferent neuron.
C) contralateral neuron.
D) ipsilateral neuron.

Question 56

Compared with the outside of the neuron,the inside has a(n)____ charge.

A) positive
B) negative
C) equal
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 57

Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies.

A) toward
B) away from
C) within cell
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 58

Schwann cells have a function in the peripheral nervous system that is similar to that of which cells in the central nervous system?

A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Astrocytes
C) Microglia
D) Ependymal cells

Question 59

Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?

A) Endoneurium
B) Perineurium
C) Epineurium
D) Fascicle

Question 60

Stimulus-gated channels open in response to:

A) sensory stimuli.
B) the influx of potassium.
C) hyperpolarization.
D) both A and B.

Question 61

A synapse can occur only between an axon and:

A) a dendrite.
B) a cell body.
C) another axon.
D) any of the above.

Question 62

Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest?

A) A small diameter neuron without myelin
B) A large diameter neuron without myelin
C) A large diameter neuron with myelin
D) A small diameter neuron with myelin

Question 63

If there were lesions on a bundle of myelinated fibers,what would occur?

A) Nerve conduction would be enhanced with an increase in motor coordination.
B) There would be no side effects of this type of lesion.
C) Nerve conduction would be impaired, and weakness, loss of coordination, and visual impairment would occur.
D) Nerve conduction would be impaired and neuromas would develop.

Question 64

The difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is:

A) sodium causes repolarization of the cell membrane and potassium causes depolarization of the cell membrane.
B) sodium causes unipolarization of the cell membrane and potassium causes repolarization of the cell membrane.
C) sodium causes repolarization and potassium is not required in the action potential mechanism.
D) sodium causes depolarization of the cell membrane and potassium causes repolarization of the cell membrane.

Question 65

Preparing the body for "fight or flight" describes the function of the _____ nervous system.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) somatic
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 66

The nervous system can be divided:

A) according to its structure.
B) according to direction of information flow.
C) by control of effectors.
D) in all of the above ways.

Question 67

Which of the following structures are not found on the axon?

A) Axon hillock
B) Telodendria
C) Synaptic knob
D) All of the above structures are found on the axon.

Question 68

The other term for cell body is:

A) telodendria.
B) perikaryon.
C) Nissl body.
D) axon hillock.

Question 69

The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body?

A) Almost 50 times faster
B) Almost 100 times faster
C) Almost 300 times faster
D) Almost 500 times faster

Question 70

What is the relationship between the afferent and efferent neurons of the reflex arc?

A) The afferent neurons move signals to the central nervous system and the efferent neurons move signals away from the central nervous system.
B) The afferent neurons move signals away from the central nervous system and the efferent neurons move signals to the central nervous system.
C) Afferent neurons are present in the brain and efferent neurons are present at the sensory site.
D) None. Efferent neurons are only present in gray matter of the brain and are needed for the reflex arc to work correctly.

Question 71

No impulse can be sent through a neuron:

A) during the relative refractory period.
B) when the charge of the neuron is -70.
C) during the absolute refractory period.
D) when the stimulus is too strong.

Question 72

Which is the only glia cell that is found outside of the central nervous system?

A) Schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Astrocyte
D) Ependymal cell

Question 73

Match each of the following cell types with its corresponding description.
a.Astrocyte
b.Oligodendrocyte
c.Microglia
d.Schwann cell
e.Ependymal cells
have the capability of phagocytosis

Question 74

After a stroke,there is usually some damage to brain tissue.What type of neuroglia would you expect to find invading the affected area?

A) Astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells
C) Microglia
D) Oligodendrocytes

Question 75

The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system:

A) stimulate the fight-or-flight response.
B) maintain normal resting activity.
C) carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain.
D) do both A and B.

Question 76

Neurons have:

A) complete regeneration capacity.
B) no regeneration capacity.
C) very limited capacity to repair themselves.
D) none of the above.

Question 77

The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate:

A) skeletal muscles.
B) smooth muscles.
C) glands.
D) cardiac muscle.

Question 78

A neurologist is using a voltmeter to measure potential.The membrane potential of a neuron was recorded at +30 mV.This is what type of membrane potential?

A) Action
B) Conduction
C) Polarized
D) Resting

Question 79

Which of the following is not true of a three-neuron ipsilateral reflex?

A) It contains an interneuron.
B) The impulse leaves the CNS on the same side as the one on which it entered.
C) The impulse leaves the CNS on the side opposite to the one from which it entered.
D) It stimulates an action potential in a motor neuron.

Question 80

The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the _____ pathway of the _____ nervous system.

A) afferent; somatic
B) afferent; autonomic
C) efferent; somatic
D) efferent; autonomic