Deck 28: B: Anatomy of the Digestive System

Question 1

The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the:

A) fauces.
B) frenulum.
C) uvula.
D) gingiva.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The more common term for deglutition is:

A) chewing.
B) swallowing.
C) mechanical digestion.
D) vomiting.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Under normal conditions,how many deciduous teeth are there?

A) 16
B) 20
C) 24
D) 32

Question 5

An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut,in order,from superficial to deep:

A) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
B) serosa, submucosa, muscularis, and mucosa.
C) serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa.
D) muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, and serosa.

Question 6

The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue.

A) extrinsic muscles have both their insertion and origin
B) intrinsic muscles have their origin inside the tongue but their insertion
C) extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin
D) intrinsic muscles have both their insertion and origin

Question 7

Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds?

A) Vallate
B) Fungiform
C) Filiform
D) Lingual

Question 8

The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is:

A) enamel.
B) dentin.
C) cementum.
D) pulp.

Question 9

A permanent set of teeth normally consists of _____ teeth.

A) 26
B) 30
C) 32
D) 36

Question 10

The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called:

A) cilia.
B) rugae.
C) villi.
D) papillae.

Question 11

Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva?

A) Sublinguals
B) Parotids
C) Submandibulars
D) Both A and B

Question 12

The hard palate consists of portions of:

A) four bones: three maxillae and one palatine.
B) two bones: one maxillae and one palatine.
C) four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.
D) two bones: two palatines.

Question 13

The greatest proportion of the tooth shell consists of:

A) enamel.
B) dentin.
C) gingivae.
D) cementum.

Question 14

Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids,submandibulars,and sublinguals)secrete each day?

A) 200 ml
B) 500 ml
C) 750 ml
D) 1 liter

Question 15

All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the:

A) tongue.
B) mouth.
C) liver.
D) pancreas.

Question 16

Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption?

A) Esophagus
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Stomach

Question 17

After leaving the stomach,food enters the:

A) large intestine.
B) small intestine.
C) esophagus.
D) rectum.

Question 18

The tooth type that is not part of a deciduous set of teeth is:

A) incisors.
B) canines (cuspids).
C) second molars.
D) premolars (bicuspids).

Question 19

Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine

Question 20

The type of cell designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium.

A) simple columnar
B) stratified squamous
C) simple squamous
D) pseudostratified

Question 21

Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine?

A) Duodenum
B) Cecum
C) Ileum
D) Jejunum

Question 22

Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells.

A) chief
B) alpha
C) Kupffer
D) hepatic

Question 23

The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position,on the left side of the abdomen,extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon.

A) ascending
B) transverse
C) descending
D) sigmoid

Question 24

The contents of the stomach are emptied into the:

A) duodenum.
B) ileum.
C) jejunum.
D) cecum.

Question 25

Bile salts aid in the absorption of:

A) fats.
B) proteins.
C) carbohydrates.
D) calcium, magnesium, and certain other minerals.

Question 26

Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as:

A) cholelithiasis.
B) cholecystitis.
C) cholecystectomy.
D) choledochorrhaphy.

Question 27

The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the:

A) costal angle.
B) hepatic flexure.
C) left colonic bend.
D) splenic flexure.

Question 28

Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine?

A) Fundus
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Pyloric sphincter
D) Body

Question 29

The longest portion of the small intestine is the:

A) duodenum.
B) ileum.
C) jejunum.
D) colon.

Question 30

Which of the following is not associated with the large intestine?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Cecum
C) Appendix
D) Transverse colon

Question 31

A barium enema study is used to detect and locate:

A) polyps.
B) tumors.
C) diverticula.
D) all of the above.

Question 32

The most essential part of bile is:

A) bile salts.
B) bile pigments.
C) cholesterol.
D) bilirubin.

Question 33

Bile is secreted by:

A) parietal cells.
B) crypts of Lieberkühn.
C) Kupffer cells.
D) hepatic cells.

Question 34

Microvilli can be found in the:

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) large intestine.
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest?

A) Esophagus
B) Duodenum
C) Jejunum
D) Ileum

Question 36

The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the:

A) visceral peritoneum.
B) greater omentum.
C) lesser omentum.
D) mesentery.

Question 37

Hydrochloric acid is released from cells in the:

A) stomach.
B) pancreas.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 38

The chief cells in the stomach secrete:

A) gastrin.
B) mucus.
C) intrinsic factor.
D) digestive enzymes.

Question 39

The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is:

A) descending, transverse, sigmoid, and ascending.
B) ascending, transverse, sigmoid, and descending.
C) sigmoid, ascending, transverse, and descending.
D) ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.

Question 40

In the stomach,hydrochloric acid is secreted by the:

A) chief cells.
B) parietal cells.
C) lymph nodules.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 41

Which of the following is true about the main organs of the digestive system?

A) They are involved in chemical digestion only, not mechanical digestion.
B) They do not produce the enzymes used in digestion; enzymes are produced by associate organs.
C) They form a tube through the body called the alimentary canal.
D) All of the above are true about the main organs of the digestion system.

Question 42

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

A) Secretes gastric juices
B) Secretes intrinsic factor
C) Produces the hormone gastrin
D) Begins deglutition

Question 43

The hormone glucagon is produced by:

A) acinar units.
B) beta cells.
C) alpha cells.
D) Brunner glands.

Question 44

The cells that produce insulin are known as:

A) acinar units.
B) beta cells.
C) alpha cells.
D) Brunner glands.

Question 45

Which of the following organs is classified as a dual gland (both exocrine and endocrine)?

A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Both A and C

Question 46

Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver?

A) Right lobe
B) Medial lobe
C) Left lobe
D) Caudate lobe
E) Quadrate lobe

Question 47

Heartburn is often caused by acid reflux.Which of the following might aggravate the reflux?

A) Smoking
B) Obesity
C) Spicy foods
D) All of the above

Question 48

The lamina propria is found in which level of the GI wall?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

Question 49

Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?

A) It produces digestive enzymes.
B) It produces bile.
C) It produces insulin.
D) All of the above are functions of the pancreas.

Question 50

The myenteric plexus is found in which layer of the GI wall?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

Question 51

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) The gallbladder can hold between 30 and 50 ml of bile.
B) The gallbladder lies on the undersurface of the liver.
C) The walls of the gallbladder have rugae similar to the ones found in the stomach wall.
D) The gallbladder empties bile into the stomach to assist in fat digestion.

Question 52

The right angle formed by the transverse colon and the descending colon is called the:

A) hepatic flexure.
B) sigmoid colon.
C) splenic flexure.
D) secondary colonic flexure.

Question 53

Meissner plexus is found in which layer of the GI wall?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

Question 54

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

A) It serves as a reservoir for storage of food.
B) It destroys pathogenic bacteria.
C) It begins the absorption of proteins.
D) All of the above are functions of the stomach.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The cystic duct and the pancreatic duct join to form the common bile duct.
B) The common bile duct is formed by the joining of the cystic duct from the liver and the hepatic duct from the gallbladder.
C) The pancreatic duct and the hepatic duct join to form the common bile duct.
D) None of the above are true statements.

Question 56

Which of the following is not a division of the stomach?

A) Rugae
B) Body
C) Pylorus
D) Fundus

Question 57

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) Detoxification
B) Secretion of insulin
C) Storage of iron and vitamins
D) Production of bile

Question 58

Which of the following is not made up of nerves running through the walls of the digestive system?

A) Meissner plexus
B) Auerbach plexus
C) Intramural plexus
D) All of the above are nerves running through the walls of the digestive system.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) Stores vitamin A
B) Carries on numerous steps in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins
C) Secretes bile
D) Stores bile

Question 60

Which of the following is not a duct leading from the salivary glands to the oral cavity?

A) Wharton ducts
B) Ranvier ducts
C) Stensen ducts
D) Rivinus duct

Question 61

Which statement explains what happens to toxic substances after detoxification by liver cells?

A) They are used to increase pH for optimum amylase function.
B) They are used to dilute food and other substances and facilitate mixing of foods in the small intestine.
C) Small amounts are carried by mucus and sodium bicarbonate to the small intestine for use in digestion.
D) They are changed into nontoxic compounds by a series of chemical reactions.

Question 62

The oral fissure divides the:

A) upper lip from the lower lip.
B) cheek muscle from the teeth.
C) right and left sides of the palate.
D) right side of the tongue from the left side of the tongue.

Question 63

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
mixed salivary gland that is drained by Wharton ducts

Question 64

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
substance that makes up the greatest portion of the tooth shell

Question 65

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
hard inorganic substance that covers the crown of the tooth

Question 66

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
structure whose intrinsic and extrinsic muscles help with mastication and deglutition

Question 67

Dentin comes in direct contact with what substance above the gum line?

A) Enamel
B) Cementum
C) The periodontal membrane
D) Both B and C

Question 68

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
layer of the GI tract that contains Meissner plexus

Question 69

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
innermost layer of the GI tract; contains the lamina propria

Question 70

Dentin comes into direct contact with what substance below the gum line?

A) Enamel
B) Cementum
C) The periodontal membrane
D) Both B and C

Question 71

The fauces opens into the:

A) larynx.
B) laryngopharynx.
C) oropharynx.
D) nasopharynx.

Question 72

Which structure helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A) Philtrum
B) Plica fimbriata
C) Frenulum
D) Fauces

Question 73

Which part of the stomach actually lies above the entrance of the esophagus?

A) Fundus
B) Pylorus
C) Body
D) Lesser curvature

Question 74

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
layer of the GI tract that wraps around the submucosa and contains the myenteric plexus

Question 75

Which of the following is true about bile?

A) It is made in the gallbladder, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the duodenum.
B) It is made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the stomach.
C) It is made in the gallbladder, stored in the liver, and emptied into the jejunum.
D) It is made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emptied into the duodenum.

Question 76

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
outermost GI tract layer that is actually the visceral peritoneum

Question 77

Which of the following is not a main part of the tooth?

A) Crown
B) Enamel coat
C) Root
D) Neck

Question 78

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
largest of the salivary glands; produces enzymes but not mucus

Question 79

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding location or description.
a.Sublingual salivary gland
b.Submucosa layer
c.Dentin
d.Muscularis layer
e.Mucosa layer
f.Parotid salivary gland
g.Enamel
h.Submandibular salivary gland
i.Tongue
j.Serosa layer
smallest of the salivary glands

Question 80

Match each of the following structures with its corresponding description or location.
a.Liver
b.Common bile duct
c.Pharynx
d.Body of the stomach
e.Esophagus
f.Mesentery
g.Ascending colon
h.Jejunum
i.Duodenum
j.Cystic duct
K.Ileum
L.Gallbladder
m.
Fundus of the stomach
n.
Descending colon
o.
Pancreas
p.
Pylorus of the stomach
part of the small intestine through which food passes first