Deck 16: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Preganglionic neurons conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to an autonomic ganglion.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The neurotransmitter released by both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons is acetylcholine.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Nicotinic receptors are located on the dendrites of all preganglionic neurons of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.

Question 5

The parasympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division.

Question 6

Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division.

Question 7

Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that enhances the action of norepinephrine.

Question 8

Axon terminals that secrete acetylcholine are called cholinergic terminals.

Question 9

Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem.

Question 10

The effect of a neurotransmitter on any postsynaptic cell is determined by the characteristics of the receptor,not the neurotransmitter.

Question 11

Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron.

Question 12

Most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.

Question 13

The sympathetic division is the dominant controller of the body at rest.

Question 14

Sympathetic responses are usually widespread,involving many organ systems at once.

Question 15

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence,and through summation of the impulses,the effect can be increased.

Question 16

The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons.

Question 17

Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on sweat glands.

Question 18

Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers.

Question 19

All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS.

Question 20

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion,the preganglionic fiber will always synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron.

Question 21

The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are cholinergic.

Question 22

Acetylcholine affects visceral effectors by first binding to alpha receptors.

Question 23

A short postganglionic neuron is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 24

The parasympathetic division is the dominant controller of the body at rest.

Question 25

An effect of sympathetic stimulation on the eye is constriction of the pupil.

Question 26

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons begin within the brain.

Question 27

Blood vessels in both digestive organs and skeletal muscles are dilated by sympathetic stimulation.

Question 28

Both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions continually conduct impulses to visceral effectors.

Question 29

Under normal,nonstressful conditions,the parasympathetic division is dominant.

Question 30

Biofeedback involves willful control of specific effectors normally controlled only autonomically.

Question 31

A new theory of autonomic neurotransmission says that most postganglionic fibers release two substances to transmit an impulse.

Question 32

The autonomic nervous system is a part of the CNS but operates autonomously.

Question 33

The gray ramus consists of postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 34

In most cases,the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are antagonistic to each other.

Question 35

The "fight-or-flight" reaction is a normal response in times of stress.

Question 36

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are similar in that they both have two efferent neurons between the central nervous system and the effector organ.

Question 37

Hormones released from the adrenal medulla produce effects similar to those of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 38

Autonomic effectors require two efferent neurons.

Question 39

The postganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems produce acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Question 40

The autonomic nervous system functions independently of the cerebral cortex.

Question 41

Some modified postganglionic sympathetic fibers act as endocrine glands.

Question 42

When the sympathetic fiber enters the sympathetic trunk,it can send branches up or down the trunk.

Question 43

Which of the following would not be a major effector of the autonomic nervous system?

A) Skeletal muscles
B) Blood vessels
C) Sweat glands
D) Iris of the eye

Question 44

If a nerve impulse is being sent to a gland,it will pass through two neurons.

Question 45

About half of the parasympathetic fibers travel in the vagus nerve.

Question 46

The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division.

Question 47

Norepinephrine can stimulate nicotinic or muscarinic receptors.

Question 48

A short postganglionic neuron is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 49

The autonomic nervous system regulates subconscious body functions.

Question 50

A sympathetic preganglionic neuron usually synapses with only one postganglionic neuron.

Question 51

All postganglionic sympathetic fibers release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Question 52

The sympathetic trunk runs from C8 to L4.

Question 53

Alpha receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine,whereas beta receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine.

Question 54

Autonomic pathways do not connect with skeletal muscles.

Question 55

Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics except:

A) direction of information flow.
B) location of peripheral fibers.
C) number of neurons between CNS and effector.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 56

Which generalization concerning the autonomic nervous system is not true?

A) All of its axons are afferent fibers.
B) It operates without conscious control.
C) It regulates visceral activities.
D) All of its neurons are motor.

Question 57

The gray rami of the spinal nerve are sympathetic fibers and the white rami are parasympathetic fibers.

Question 58

The splanchnic nerve is made up of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Question 59

Nicotinic receptors are stimulated by acetylcholine.

Question 60

All cranial nerves except nerves I and II contain parasympathetic fibers.

Question 61

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion,the preganglionic fiber may:

A) synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron.
B) send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia.
C) pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing.
D) do all of the above.

Question 62

Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because:

A) they reach visceral effectors faster than parasympathetic impulses.
B) myoneural junctions contain a substance that inactivates acetylcholine.
C) preganglionic fibers are short and postganglionic fibers are long.
D) preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers.

Question 63

Which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

A) They are usually longer than preganglionic neurons.
B) They produce acetylcholine.
C) They produce norepinephrine.
D) They have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites.

Question 64

A child was frightened by a large dog.The pupils of the child's eyes became dilated,and the heart and respiratory rates increased.These symptoms were caused by stimulation of:

A) the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) the sympathetic nervous system.
C) both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems.
D) None of the above would account for the symptoms.

Question 65

Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) nicotinic
D) both alpha and beta

Question 66

Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation?

A) Constriction of the bronchioles
B) Decreased secretion of the pancreas
C) Constriction of the urinary sphincters
D) Dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels

Question 67

Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in:

A) the white columns of the sacral segments of the spinal cord.
B) the lateral gray columns of thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
C) nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord.
D) collateral ganglia.

Question 68

The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the:

A) coordination of muscular activity.
B) innervation of smooth muscle in the viscera.
C) reception of sensory impulses.
D) arousal of alerting mechanism.

Question 69

Norepinephrine can stimulate _____ receptors.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) nicotinic
D) both alpha and beta

Question 70

All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except:

A) they secrete acetylcholine.
B) they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion.
C) dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the first four lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 71

Alpha receptors bind with:

A) acetylcholine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) the toxin muscarine.
D) none of the above.

Question 72

Which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers?

A) Goose pimples
B) Dilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles
C) Increased blood sugar
D) Increased peristalsis in the digestive tract

Question 73

Which is not true about parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

A) They are usually shorter than the preganglionic neurons.
B) They produce acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.
C) They produce norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter.
D) They have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites.

Question 74

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) The parasympathetic division is the dominant controller of most autonomic effectors most of the time.
B) Under quiet, nonstressful conditions, more impulses reach autonomic effectors by cholinergic parasympathetic fibers than by adrenergic sympathetic fibers.
C) The major function of the parasympathetic division is to serve as an "emergency" system.
D) Parasympathetic stimulation causes an increase in the secretion of pancreatic juice and insulin.

Question 75

Propranolol is an example of a:

A) beta blocker.
B) drug used to treat irregular heartbeats.
C) drug used to treat hypertension.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 76

"Fight-or-flight" physiological changes include all of the following except:

A) increased conversion of glycogen into glucose.
B) constriction of respiratory airways.
C) increased sweating.
D) dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles.

Question 77

Norepinephrine is liberated at:

A) the dendrite ending.
B) parasympathetic preganglionic nerve endings.
C) most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings.
D) sympathetic preganglionic nerve endings.

Question 78

Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on any of the following areas except:

A) sweat glands.
B) skin blood vessels.
C) the liver.
D) the urinary bladder.

Question 79

All of the following are examples of parasympathetic stimulation except:

A) contraction of the urinary bladder.
B) relaxation of the sphincters of the digestive tract.
C) increased salivation.
D) increased heart rate.

Question 80

Beta receptors:

A) are cholinergic.
B) bind acetylcholine.
C) bind norepinephrine.
D) bind the toxin muscarine.