Deck 22: A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

A fluid flows because a pressure gradient exists between different parts of its volume.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Premature contractions,or extra systoles,often occur with lack of sleep,too much caffeine or nicotine,alcoholism,or heart damage.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Because of the high concentration of protein in plasma,a decrease in the red blood cell count will cause an increase in blood viscosity.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Residual volume refers to the blood that remains in the ventricle after the ejection period.

Question 5

A heart murmur is one type of abnormal sound.

Question 6

Tachycardia is normal during sleep and in conditioned athletes while they are awake (but at rest).

Question 7

The T wave reflects repolarization of the atria.

Question 8

The vasomotor control mechanism regulates changes in the diameter of arteries.

Question 9

Grief tends to make the heart beat faster.

Question 10

Valvular insufficiency can cause heart murmurs.

Question 11

Operation of the Starling law ensures that when the amount of blood returned to the heart is increased,stroke volume automatically increases to pump it out.

Question 12

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance are directly proportional to arterial blood volume.

Question 13

Two important baroreceptors are located in the aorta and the carotid artery.

Question 14

In order for all the cells of the body to survive,blood supplies to all cells must be equal.

Question 15

Under abnormal conditions,the AV node or the Purkinje fibers may act as ectopic pacemakers.

Question 16

Emotional stress can influence heart rate by creating impulses that go from the cerebrum to the cardiac centers via the hypothalamus.

Question 17

Diastasis is associated with the rapid filling of the ventricles.

Question 18

The blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions are both important factors promoting the return of venous blood to the heart.

Question 19

If the heart rate drops and the stroke volume increases,cardiac output will always show a decrease.

Question 20

An increase in blood temperature tends to slow down heart rate.

Question 21

Cardiac output is determined by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

Question 22

At rest,most of the body's blood supply resides in the pulmonary loop.

Question 23

The popliteal pulse point is found on the anterior surface of the elbow.

Question 24

The pressure gradient in the ventricles exceeds the pressure in the pulmonary artery and aorta.

Question 25

The greater the cross-sectional area of a vessel,the greater the speed of the blood flow.

Question 26

To stop arterial bleeding,pressure must be applied between the damaged artery and the heart.

Question 27

Tachycardia refers to a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

Question 28

Under resting conditions,the SA node fires at an intrinsic rhythmical rate of 80 to 85 beats per minute.

Question 29

The atrial natriuretic hormone mechanism promotes water retention,thus increasing total plasma volume.

Question 30

Blood viscosity is highly variable in healthy individuals under resting conditions.

Question 31

The term ischemia refers to abnormal heart sounds.

Question 32

Venous pulse is just as significant clinically as arterial pulse.

Question 33

Hypoxic conditions act as the major stimulant to chemoreceptors.

Question 34

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle refers to diastole.

Question 35

The volume of blood circulated per minute is equal to the difference between the mean arterial pressure and the central venous pressure,divided by the resistance.

Question 36

Pacemaker cells in the heart possess intrinsic rhythm.

Question 37

The pulse wave is associated with left ventricular diastole.

Question 38

The resting cardiac output from the left ventricle is about 5 liters.

Question 39

Diastolic pressure is the force of blood pushing against artery walls when the ventricles are contracting.

Question 40

The velocity of blood flow slows in the capillaries in association with an increase in total cross-sectional area.

Question 41

The capillaries perform the transport function of the circulatory system.

Question 42

In a healthy adult,blood pressure at the union of the vena cavae and right atrium is about 80 mm Hg.

Question 43

In electrocardiography,only the contraction of the cardiac muscle causes a deflection.

Question 44

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is termed pulse pressure.

Question 45

Stroke volume and systolic discharge mean the same thing.

Question 46

Heart sounds are made by the closing of AV and semilunar valves.

Question 47

If the stroke volume remains constant,parasympathetic stimulation of the heart will cause an increase in cardiac output.

Question 48

Because the ECG is not a direct measure of contraction,an ECG deflection could be recorded without the actual contraction of the heart muscle occurring.

Question 49

A larger than normal U wave could indicate a high level of potassium in the blood.

Question 50

In an ECG,both the deflections themselves and the interval between deflections can provide information about the electrical conduction through the heart.

Question 51

During the normal cardiac cycle,there is never a time when both the atria and ventricles are relaxed.

Question 52

A U wave on an ECG is an indication of damage to ventricular myocardial cells.

Question 53

The normal rhythm of the heart is set by the ectopic pacemaker.

Question 54

The stress-relaxation effect occurs in all blood vessels but is most important in the arteries.

Question 55

The P wave is named as such because it measures a positive deflection in the ECG.

Question 56

Parasympathetic control of the heart depends on the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX).

Question 57

Velocity of blood is relatively constant as blood flows from the aorta toward the capillaries.

Question 58

Exercise has little effect on cardiac output.

Question 59

The conduction system of the heart is composed of specialized motor neurons that are embedded in the heart muscle.

Question 60

Blood vessels can hold much more blood than is present in the body.

Question 61

If a pulse were taken at the popliteal and dorsalis pedis arteries at the same time,it would be felt at the popliteal artery first.

Question 62

Anger and fear have opposite effects on the heart rate.

Question 63

Bleeding that occurs at a relatively slow,steady rate would indicate that the damaged blood vessel is most likely a vein.

Question 64

Blood viscosity is caused by both red blood cells and the protein concentration of the blood.

Question 65

The "pump" of the "respiratory pump" that moves blood to the central veins is the diaphragm.

Question 66

Local vasodilation or reactive hyperemia can be caused by the release of endothelin by the blood vessels.

Question 67

Venous valves would not be necessary in the jugular veins of the neck.

Question 68

Hemodynamics is the term used to describe a collection of mechanisms that influence the active and changing circulation of the blood.

Question 69

Osmotic pressure tends to move plasma out of the capillary and into the tissues.

Question 70

The Fick law of the heart says that,within limits,the longer the heart fibers are at the beginning of a contraction,the stronger the contraction will be.

Question 71

As the elasticity of the artery wall decreases,the magnitude of the pulse wave increases.

Question 72

Because the circulatory system is a closed system filled with fluid,the pulse wave is felt at the same time in any part of the body.

Question 73

The AV node of the heart is known as the pacemaker.

Question 74

The first Korotkoff sound indicates the diastolic blood pressure.

Question 75

Because of their small diameter,capillaries account for almost all the resistance to blood flow in the circulatory system.

Question 76

As the action potential enters the AV node by way of the internodal bundles,the speed of the conduction increases to stimulate ventricular contraction.

Question 77

As arterial blood pressure decreases,the number of impulses from the carotid baroreceptors to the medulla decreases.

Question 78

The arterial pulse is caused by the ventricles of the heart; the venous pulse is caused by the atria of the heart.

Question 79

Hydrostatic pressure tends to decrease from the arterial end of the capillary to the venous end of the capillary.

Question 80

An increase in arterial blood pressure causes an increase in parasympathetic impulses to the heart and blood vessels.