Deck 25: Stress

Question 1

As a result of applying various stressors to research animals,Selye was able to produce a triad of body changes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Selye proved in his research that regardless of the type of stressor,the stress syndrome is always the same.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Every individual responds somewhat differently to stress.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A triad of stress changes occurs in all three stages of the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 5

Stress is considered a tangible phenomenon.

Question 6

Stress,according to Selye,is a state or condition of the body produced by "diverse noxious agents" and manifested by a syndrome of changes.

Question 7

Blood sugar level tends to decrease as a general body response to stress.

Question 8

The "fight-or-flight" syndrome of changes is characteristic of the exhaustion stage.

Question 9

The classification of stimuli as stressors or nonstressors is very precise.

Question 10

One of the components of the "stress triad" is hypertrophy of the lymphatic organs.

Question 11

Stressors are always injurious,unpleasant,or painful stimuli.

Question 12

One of the alarm reaction responses resulting from increased sympathetic activity is decreased digestion.

Question 13

Both the stage of resistance and the alarm reaction show very similar responses.

Question 14

Because the body feels under attack when experiencing a stress response,the immune system becomes more active and vigilant.

Question 15

The second stage in the general adaptation syndrome is the alarm reaction.

Question 16

Stressors differ in different individuals and in one individual at different times.

Question 17

The third stage of the stress syndrome rarely occurs in most individuals' lifetimes.

Question 18

Severe stress generally causes adrenaline levels to fall.

Question 19

One of the alarm reaction responses resulting from hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex is an increase in allergic responses.

Question 20

A stressor for one individual may not be a stressor for another.

Question 21

The level of adrenocorticoids in the urine is often used to measure stress.

Question 22

Smoking has been shown to be a stressor that causes a marked rise in the plasma level of hormones from the adrenal cortex.

Question 23

According to the current concepts of the stress syndrome,hypoglycemia is an example of stress that indirectly stimulates the hypothalamus.

Question 24

In response to stress,the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 25

In the Selye hypothesis about activation of the stress mechanism,the "alarm signals" act directly on the hypothalamus.

Question 26

During the alarm stage,the body exhibits lowered resistance to stressors.

Question 27

Some organ systems become less responsive to stress after they have been stimulated a number of times.

Question 28

One characteristic of the stage of exhaustion in the general adaptation syndrome is increased glucocorticoid secretion,but eventually secretion is markedly decreased.

Question 29

Type B individuals have been found to be at greater risk for elevated systolic blood pressure and coronary disease.

Question 30

According to the current concepts of the stress syndrome,stress may be defined as any factor that directly stimulates the posterior pituitary to secrete ADH.

Question 31

Identical psychological stressors generally induce identical physiological responses in different individuals.

Question 32

Normally,the second stage of the stress syndrome rarely occurs in most individuals' lifetimes.

Question 33

A physiological stressor is anything an individual perceives as a threat.

Question 34

Stress stimulating the limbic lobe is an example of indirect stimulation of the hypothalamus.

Question 35

Individuals who are hard driving and competitive are said to have a type B personality.

Question 36

Water loss and a decrease in blood volume are common stress responses.

Question 37

Psychological stress can produce physiological stress,but not vice versa.

Question 38

Psychological stressors produce a syndrome consisting only of objective responses.

Question 39

Whether stress is good or bad for an individual is determined primarily by the severity of the stressor.

Question 40

Psychological stress is clearly unrelated to physiological stress.

Question 41

Recent research suggests that the study of stress requires a more general or holistic approach.

Question 42

The stress response affirms the importance of mind/body interaction in health and disease.

Question 43

Prolonged stress causes the secretion of a hormone called neuropeptide Y from the sympathetic neurons and the adrenal glands.

Question 44

Lie detectors measure the physiological response to psychological stress.

Question 45

In cases of prolonged stress,the exhaustion stage can end in the death of the individual.

Question 46

Because of the wealth of life experiences,elderly adults are better able to physically deal with stress.

Question 47

The terms stress triad and general adaptation syndrome are interchangeable terms.

Question 48

High-stress,hard-driving,competitive individuals who may be at greater risk of coronary heart disease are classified as type A.

Question 49

Stressors tend to be extreme stimuli of either extreme abundance or extreme deficiency.

Question 50

Stressors are always bad stimuli.

Question 51

According to Selye,anything that causes stress,either good or bad,is a stressor.

Question 52

The current definition of stress is any stimulus that directly or indirectly stimulates neurons of the hypothalamus to release cortisol.

Question 53

The stress response commonly referred to as "fight or flight" is evoked by increased parasympathetic stimulation.

Question 54

Because stress requires an understanding of the possible threat,children younger than 1 year do not experience stress.

Question 55

The Selye stage of exhaustion immediately follows the alarm phase.

Question 56

Physiological stress and psychological stress are similar phenomena.

Question 57

It is well accepted among physiologists that the higher the blood level of corticoids,the greater an individual's ability to resist stress.

Question 58

In any one individual,certain autonomic responses are better indicators of psychological stress than are others.

Question 59

One outcome of long-term stress is a disruption in the body's ability to maintain some of its homeostatic mechanisms.

Question 60

The stage of exhaustion can be described as adaptation.

Question 61

A drop in blood lactate level is an objective measure of psychological stress.

Question 62

The level of glucocorticoids would be at their lowest during which stage of stress?

A) Exhaustion
B) Alarm
C) Resistance
D) Recovery

Question 63

The hypothalamus is sometimes referred to as the emotional brain.

Question 64

The direct effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone acts on the hypothalamus.

Question 65

Lie detectors work because psychological stress causes a predictable,consistent physiological response.

Question 66

Allostatic load can be described as the physiological load placed on the body by stress.

Question 67

The relationship between events that occur during fetal development and the appearance of specific anatomical,physiological,or disease states that occur later in life is referred to as fetal programming.

Question 68

A syndrome can be defined as a set of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize one particular disease.

Question 69

Which of the following is not characteristic of the exhaustion stage of stress?

A) It occurs less frequently than the other stages.
B) It may develop over a long period of stress.
C) It decreases the body's ability to adapt.
D) The body's resistance eventually produces adaptation.

Question 70

From the alarm reaction to the resistance stage,there is a decrease in glucocorticoid secretion.

Question 71

An indicator of stress is a drop in lymphocytes and an increase in eosinophils.

Question 72

Both social isolation and overcrowding can cause stress.

Question 73

Maternal malnutrition and smoking are two common stressors that influence the developing fetus.

Question 74

Allostasis is the body's final response to stress when normal homeostasis can no longer be maintained.

Question 75

In the article published in 1936,Selye coined the term stress as it is used today.

Question 76

Increased _____ is characteristic of the alarm stage of stress.

A) lymphocytes
B) glucocorticoids
C) parasympathetic activity
D) eosinophils

Question 77

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Selye stress syndrome?

A) Adrenal atrophy
B) Shrinkage of the thymus
C) Bleeding gastrointestinal ulcers
D) Shrinkage of lymphatic organs

Question 78

Many experiments have supported the Selye hypothesis that higher levels of blood corticoids are necessary to adapt to stress.

Question 79

Which of the following is the name for the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) Reinforcement
B) Transition
C) Resistance
D) Defense

Question 80

Asthma and acne can have stress-related causes.