Deck 12: Health, stress, and Coping

Question 1

 Research on Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale suggests that ____. 

A)major life events that are unscheduled are no more stressful than major life events that are scheduled
B)simply adding up the number of major life changes in a specific time period is the best way to measure stress
C)major life events that are involuntary are less stressful than major life events that are voluntary
D)positive life events can be just as stressful as negative life events

Answer 1

positive life events can be just as stressful as negative life events

Question 2

 Which event is the most stressful,according to Holmes and Rahe's scale? 

A)marital reconciliation
B)change to a different line of work
C)change in responsibilities at work
D)marriage

Answer 2

marriage

Question 3

 When catastrophic events result in a person making very positive changes in his or her life,then we say that person has engaged in ____. 

A)catastrophic positivity
B)trauma syndrome
C)benefit-finding
D)the fight-or-flight reaction

Answer 3

benefit-finding

Question 4

 Research on stress among college students suggests that students who are highly stressed have a grade point average that is likely to be ____. 

A)unaffected, compared to others not experiencing stress
B)lower than those who are not stressed
C)higher than those who are not stressed
D)unaffected for males, but lower for females

Question 5

 People who experience catastrophes tend to ____. 

A)experience depression or anxiety
B)be incapable of remembering their traumatic experiences
C)develop psychotic reactions in response to the catastrophe
D)adjust better than those who experience less sudden trauma

Question 6

 Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale ____. 

A)is used to make a diagnosis of mental illness
B)provides a measure of personality characteristics
C)measures the impact of major life events
D)suggests ways of dealing with social problems

Question 7

 Those who score high on Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale ____. 

A)are prone to physical illness
B)tend to be high-achievers
C)are likely to be female
D)earn a high income

Question 8

 According to research,which group reports the highest stress levels with regard to daily hassles? 

A)those with high educational levels
B)African Americans
C)elderly Americans
D)those with higher income levels

Question 9

 Women are more likely than men to report stress about ____. 

A)technology
B)health concerns
C)noise exposure
D)traffic

Question 10

 The stress of adapting to a new culture is called ____. 

A)a daily hassle
B)acculturative stress
C)post-traumatic stress syndrome
D)post-traumatic growth syndrome.

Question 11

 Life events that are voluntary,scheduled,and desirable,are ____. 

A)more stressful than life events that are involuntary, unscheduled, and undesirable
B)just as stressful as life events that are involuntary, unscheduled, and undesirable
C)more stressful than life events that are involuntary and undesirable, but scheduled
D)less stressful than life events that are involuntary, unscheduled, and undesirable

Question 12

 Health psychologists define conflict as ____. 

A)having to choose between two or more options
B)the irritations and frustrations that we face every day
C)emotion laden interactions between two enemies
D)unexpected traumatic events

Question 13

 Which type of conflict is the easiest to resolve and perceived as the least stressful? 

A)avoidance-avoidance
B)avoidance-approach
C)approach-approach
D)approach-avoidance

Question 14

 A college student taking the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale would ____. 

A)see that graduation from college is rated more stressful than getting married
B)generally score higher than someone else who is not a college student
C)find many items that pertain specifically to being a college student
D)not find many items that pertain specifically to being a college student

Question 15

 Daily hassles are a specific type of ____. 

A)conflict
B)catastrophe
C)discrimination
D)stressor

Question 16

 Which conflict is least likely to result in inaction by the person facing the conflict? 

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-approach
C)approach-approach
D)avoidance-avoidance

Question 17

 Hispanics are more likely to report ____ as daily hassles than European or African-Americans. 

A)economic matters
B)problems with aging parents
C)feeling lonely
D)invasion of personal privacy

Question 18

 For most people,____ will be their greatest source of stress. 

A)daily hassles
B)conflicts
C)catastrophes
D)major life events

Question 19

 Stress is any ____. 

A)psychological event that causes a negative psychological reaction
B)biological event that causes a negative biological reaction
C)stimulus or event that causes a negative reaction
D)stimulus or event that we respond to because we perceive it as threatening or challenging

Question 20

 Research on daily hassles indicates that they ____. 

A)do not create a significant amount of stress
B)can create a significant amount of stress
C)create more stress than conflicts but less stress than catastrophes
D)create more stress than major life events but less stress than conflicts

Question 21

 Your friends who have more education and money are less likely than your friends who have less education and money to experience daily hassles concerning ____. 

A)aging parents
B)illness of a family member
C)world politics
D)technology

Question 22

 Post-traumatic stress disorder is most related to ____. 

A)major life events
B)catastrophes
C)daily hassles
D)conflicts

Question 23

 For most people having to choose between taking a two-hour final exam and giving a 30-minute oral presentation would be an example of an ____ conflict. 

A)approach-avoidance
B)avoidance-avoidance
C)avoidance-approach
D)approach-approach

Question 24

 Wendy goes shopping and finds two outfits that she really likes,but she can only afford to purchase one.What type of conflict is Wendy experiencing? 

A)avoidance-avoidance
B)approach-approach
C)approach-avoidance
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 25

 A typical response to an avoidance-avoidance conflict is ____. 

A)quick action
B)indecision
C)perceived exhilaration
D)anger

Question 26

 Having a baby,getting a new job,moving,and taking a test are all similar is that they are ____ events. 

A)positive
B)negative
C)stressful
D)stabililizing

Question 27

 Which of the following would be an example of what psychologists call a daily hassle? 

A)losing a loved one
B)getting fired from a job
C)giving birth to a child
D)dealing with a traffic jam

Question 28

 In approach-avoidance conflicts,a person ____. 

A)is faced with a choice that has both positive and negative consequences
B)must choose between two undesirable events
C)first begins to deal with a problem and then begins to ignore it
D)must choose between two desirable events

Question 29

 Jeremiah survived the tornado that recently hit Joplin,Missouri.He has experienced a ____. 

A)daily hassle
B)major life event
C)catastrophe
D)conflict

Question 30

 The varied responsibilities of being a mother,many of which are stressful,are a good example of what psychologists call ____. 

A)daily hassles
B)conflagrations
C)conflicts
D)catastrophes

Question 31

 Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale is most related to which concept?​ 

A)daily hassles
B)life change units
C)catastrophes
D)conflicts

Question 32

 If getting a new job is perceived as challenging or threatening in some way,then this event would be considered a ____. 

A)hassle
B)catastrophe
C)hurdle
D)stressor

Question 33

 Which event would most likely be considered a catastrophe? 

A)tornado
B)the expected death of a family member
C)retirement
D)birth of a child

Question 34

 Rueben is sitting in traffic on a busy freeway.Reuben is experiencing a(n)____. 

A)daily hassle
B)catastrophe
C)life change
D)major life event

Question 35

 Research indicates that,when faces with uncontrollable stress,some lower socioeconomic status individuals may develop ____ strategies that lessen their susceptibility to disease. 

A)tend and befriend
B)shift and persist
C)fight or flight
D)fix it or forget it

Question 36

 Which of the following is most clearly the opposite of an approach-approach conflict? 

A)an approach-avoidance conflict
B)an avoidance-avoidance conflict
C)a reproach-approach conflict
D)a reproach-reproach conflict

Question 37

 According to research evaluating Holmes' and Rahe's Social Readjustment Scale,which individual would be more prone to illness? 

A)Moises, who was suddenly laid off from his job​
B)Lenny, who quit his job
C)Blain, who has decided to retire from his job
D)Felix, who has just accepted a new job position

Question 38

 Which of the following would be least likely to be considered a daily hassle? 

A)too many things to do
B)serious issues with another person
C)enduring a stressful, but routine event
D)misplacing or losing things

Question 39

 Research using the Holmes and Rahe scale indicates that ____ of people whose life events put them in the "major life crisis" category experienced deteriorated health.  

A)69%
B)79%
C)89%
D)99%

Question 40

 Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale measures the amount of stress associated with a person's ____. 

A)life events
B)daily hassles
C)catastrophes
D)conflicts

Question 41

 Which is the correct sequence of stages in Selye's general adaptation syndrome? 

A)resistance, alarm, exhaustion
B)exhaustion, alarm, resistance
C)alarm, exhaustion, resistance
D)alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 42

 Which of the following is most likely to be involved in the alarm stage of the body's reaction to stress? 

A)hippocampus
B)thyroid
C)adrenal glands
D)temporal lobe

Question 43

 When a person perceives a threat in the environment,the ____ is activated. 

A)somatic nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)limbic system
D)parasympathetic nervous system

Question 44

 When a stressor ends while your body is in the alarm stage,the ____. 

A)parasympathetic nervous system will then become active
B)sympathetic nervous system will then become active
C)adrenal glands will then release corticosteroids
D)the pituitary gland will then release endorphins

Question 45

 Primary appraisal refers to ____. 

A)one's biological predisposition toward stress reactions
B)one's most significant reaction to an event
C)a reaction to a stressful event that is typical of a younger person
D)a person's initial interpretation of an event

Question 46

 Immunosuppression refers to ____. 

A)amplification of the immune system during stressful times
B)dampening of the immune system function in response to stress
C)experiencing the appraisal stage of stress reactions
D)the effects of vaccination

Question 47

 Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome describes the ____. 

A)mental illnesses associated with prolonged stress
B)cognitive appraisal steps involved in perceiving events
C)body's reaction to stress
D)therapeutic model used to help those overwhelmed by stress

Question 48

 Which of the following is a typical reaction of the body in response to a perceived stressor? 

A)The pituitary gland stores endorphins.
B)The adrenal gland releases corticosteroids.
C)Heart rate and blood pressure decrease.
D)The liver stores sugars.

Question 49

 When a person evaluates what must be done to cope with or manage the stressor,they are engaged in ____. 

A)primary appraisal
B)secondary appraisal
C)problem-focused coping
D)emotion-focused coping

Question 50

 The female response to stress has been called ____. 

A)hope and despair
B)open and shut
C)flight or fight
D)tend and befriend

Question 51

 The first step in experiencing stress is ____. 

A)resistance
B)reaction
C)appraisal
D)denial

Question 52

 Immediately after you appraise a situation or event as stressful,____. 

A)you use coping skills to deal with it
B)your body changes to deal with the stressor
C)your body begins to experience breakdown
D)you determine what kind of conflict it is

Question 53

 The specific biological system that is activated in the alarm reaction phase of the general adaptation syndrome is the ____. 

A)melatonergic system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)parasympathetic nervous system
D)limbic system

Question 54

 If your primary appraisal of a situation is that it simply does not matter to your happiness or safety,you appraise it as ____. 

A)incomplete
B)irrelevant
C)positive
D)stressful

Question 55

 Which of the following is most likely to occur in the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome? 

A)the body's resources begin to dwindle
B)headaches, backaches, and insomnia
C)heart rate and blood pressure begin to increase
D)immune function decreases dangerously

Question 56

 Daniel hates vegetables.His mother gives him the option of either having green beans or squash with dinner.What type of conflict is Daniel experiencing? 

A)approach-approach
B)approach-avoidance
C)avoidance-avoidance
D)multiple approach-avoidance

Question 57

 A threat that is appraised as ____ is one that we believe will do us some damage or injury. 

A)conflicting
B)obstructive
C)challenging
D)harmful

Question 58

 If you have been subjected to a high degree of stress and your body's reactions are beginning to become less intense,you are in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. 

A)alarm reaction
B)exhaustion
C)resistance
D)stress reaction

Question 59

 During the exhaustion stage of the body's reaction to stress,the body ____. 

A)continues to cope with the stressor, but its resources are dwindling
B)is actively and successfully fighting the stressor
C)begins to show the negative effects of the stressor
D)is resistant to sensations of pain

Question 60

 High levels of adrenaline and corticosteroids in the body for prolonged periods of time ____. 

A)lead to increased ability to pay attention and react to stimuli
B)promote relaxation and sleep
C)increase the effectiveness of the immune system
D)damage the heart and lessen the effectiveness of the immune system

Question 61

 Students who find that they are more susceptible to catching a cold or the flu around the time of final exams are experiencing the effects of the ____ stage. 

A)resistance
B)sickness
C)alarm reaction
D)exhaustion

Question 62

 If you are excited about hosting a party but your friend is extremely anxious about it,this difference is most likely due to ____. 

A)hassles
B)conflicts
C)appraisals
D)antagonism

Question 63

 Immunosuppression is most closely associated with which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? 

A)alarm
B)relaxation
C)exhaustion
D)resistance

Question 64

 For some students,taking a test is perceived as ____,because it represents an opportunity to show mastery of the material and perhaps learn a few more things from the test itself. 

A)irrelevant
B)challenging
C)harmful
D)threatening

Question 65

 Which appraisal is most associated with a feeling of "opportunity"? 

A)hassle
B)threat
C)challenge
D)harmful

Question 66

 The relationship between cancer and stress is based on ____. 

A)the release of dopamine during times of stress which accelerates cell growth
B)altered immunity during times of stress which means less activity toward fighting cancer cells
C)poisons released in the body in response to stress which causes abnormal cell division
D)the toxicity of medications often used to self-treat stress and anxiety

Question 67

 By the time a person has reached the exhaustion stage in the body's reaction to stress,the ____.​ 

A)effects of the stressor are no longer apparent
B)body has successfully adapted to the stressor
C)flight or fight response has begun to exert its effects
D)stressor has overwhelmed the body

Question 68

 Which phrase best describes the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? 

A)wear and tear
B)sleep and relaxation
C)fight or flight
D)sink or swim

Question 69

 The purpose of the alarm reaction phase of the general adaptation syndrome appears to be ____. 

A)biological preparation
B)long-term coping
C)cognitive appraisal
D)memory consolidation

Question 70

 Walter interprets an event as stressful.Walter has engaged in ____. 

A)resistance
B)exhaustion
C)the primacy process
D)primary appraisal

Question 71

 Being insulted by another person but not being upset by it would be an example of a(n)____ primary appraisal. 

A)positive
B)avoidance
C)irrelevant
D)negative

Question 72

 The female response to stress may be related to the hormone ____. 

A)somatostatin
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)testosterone
D)oxytocin

Question 73

 In comparison to adult females,adult males ____. 

A)are more sensitive to oxytocin when stressed
B)produce higher corticosteroid levels when stressed
C)are less motivated to confront stressors
D)are rarely negatively affected by stress

Question 74

 Your psychology instructor has just announced a pop quiz.According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome,which event will occur first? 

A)Your immune system will shut down.
B)Your parasympathetic nervous system will be activated.
C)Your sympathetic nervous system will be activated.
D)You will appraise the event as positive, negative, or neutral.

Question 75

 Which appraisal is likely to lead to the least amount of perceived stress? 

A)threat
B)challenge
C)harm
D)irrelevant

Question 76

 Which personality characteristic appears to be associated with cancer incidence? 

A)a tendency to be depressed
B)being introspective
C)being results-oriented
D)suppressing or denying anger

Question 77

 Antonio,who has recently been widowed,is experiencing a greater number of sicknesses in association with the stress of losing his spouse.This is most likely due to ____. 

A)a secondary reaction
B)neurological rebound
C)immunosuppression
D)flight or fight

Question 78

 If your sister becomes upset when her best friend does not come to her birthday party,it would be safe to assume that her primary appraisal of this event was ____. 

A)irrelevant
B)stressful
C)positive
D)counterfactual

Question 79

 Immunosuppression may occur when ____. 

A)serotonin and dopamine are released into synapses
B)corticosteroids and endorphins are released into the bloodstream
C)glutamate and GABA are released into synapses
D)oxytocin and other peptides are released into the bloodstream

Question 80

 Binh appraises a roller coaster ride as a harmful event.If she has to ride one,it is most likely that Binh will experience ____. 

A)happiness
B)anxiety
C)excitement
D)exhilaration