Deck 3: Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Question 1

In mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:

A)the X chromosome originates only from females.
B)sperm are more powerful than eggs.
C)the Y chromosome is present in males only.
D)the X chromosome determines sex.

Answer 1

the Y chromosome is present in males only.

Question 2

Meiosis results in the production of:

A)two gametes.
B)four gametes.
C)a single gamete.
D)none of the above

Answer 2

four gametes.

Question 3

DNA is important for protein synthesis because it:

A)is the biological code for the production of hormones and enzymes.
B)serves as a template to which amino acids are attached in protein production.
C)provides the code to produce proteins.
D)transfers information from RNA to proteins.

Answer 3

transfers information from RNA to proteins.

Question 4

Prokaryotes first appeared:

A)10,000 years ago.
B)1 mya.
C)3.5 bya.
D)65 mya.

Question 5

Transcription:

A)occurs in the nucleus.
B)occurs in the ribosome.
C)results in the production of proteins.
D)results in the transformation of mitochondria.

Question 6

In his work on pea plants, Mendel found that plant height was inherited independently of the type or color of the seed coat.This finding:

A)applies only to genes on the same chromosome.
B)demonstrates the law of independent assortment.
C)explains gene linkage.
D)explains inheritance only in simple organisms.

Question 7

Proteins consist of:

A)genes.
B)RNA plus mRNA.
C)chains of DNA nucleotides.
D)chains of amino acids.

Question 8

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:

A)uracil instead of adenine.
B)uracil instead of guanine.
C)guanine instead of uracil.
D)uracil instead of thymine.

Question 9

The gene responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe is a _______ gene.

A)structural
B)dominant
C)regulatory
D)Hox

Question 10

_______ DNA is heteroplasmic, meaning it can differ among different parts of a person's body.

A)Nuclear
B)All
C)Ribosomal
D)Mitochondrial

Question 11

Transfer RNA:

A)seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons.
B)contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids.
C)brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
D)all of the above

Question 12

Homeotic (Hox) genes are:

A)structural genes.
B)responsible for the development and location of key body parts.
C)responsible for determining the sex of offspring.
D)not used during embryonic development.

Question 13

Haplotypes are:

A)not likely to recombine during crossovers.
B)likely to recombine during crossovers.
C)genes that code for similar things.
D)genetic material that come from one parent only.

Question 14

Nucleotide bases in nuclear DNA include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)thymine.
B)adenine.
C)uracil.
D)cytosine.

Question 15

Down syndrome can occur:

A)as a result of translocation during mitosis.
B)because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome.
C)most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40.
D)most frequently in the offspring of men under the age of 40.

Question 16

Gametes are:

A)diploid.
B)haploid.
C)produced during mitosis.
D)somatic.

Question 17

Hox genes:

A)appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
B)function only in fruit flies.
C)control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.
D)control the development of language in humans.

Question 18

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)lung cells.
B)gametes.
C)skin cells.
D)neurons.

Question 19

The following are complementary bases in DNA:

A)adenine and thymine.
B)adenine and cytosine.
C)guanine and thymine.
D)guanine and uracil.

Question 20

DNA replication produces:

A)four identical daughter cells.
B)two identical copies of itself.
C)two single strands of DNA.
D)four single strands of DNA.

Question 21

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the following EXCEPT type _______ blood.

A)AB
B)O
C)A
D)B

Question 22

The expression of polygenic traits is:

A)never determined by the influence of environmental factors.
B)determined by genes at several loci.
C)determined by multiple genes at one locus.
D)determined solely by the influence of environmental factors.

Question 23

Homologous chromosomes:

A)are genetically identical.
B)carry genetic information that influences the same traits.
C)are inherited only from the mother.
D)are members of different pairs.

Question 24

Human ABO blood types are determined by:

A)regulatory genes.
B)multiple alleles.
C)multiple genes.
D)homeotic genes.

Question 25

If two alleles influencing the expressed phenotype for a trait are equally expressed, this is an example of:

A)polymorphism.
B)codominance.
C)pleiotropy.
D)Mendelian inheritance.

Question 26

In his experiments with garden peas, Mendel found that one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother.This provided evidence for:

A)Mendel's law of independent assortment.
B)Thomas Hunt Morgan's ideas of mutation.
C)Mendel's law of segregation.
D)Mendel's concept of nondisjunction.

Question 27

Use what you know about meiosis to explain Mendel's law of segregation and law of independent assortment.

Question 28

A trait's heritability is the proportion of its variation that:

A)is genetic.
B)cannot be explained.
C)is the product of genes and environment.
D)results from the environment alone.

Question 29

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) in that it:

A)was studied during Darwin's lifetime.
B)is the so-called recipe for all biological characteristics and functions in animals.
C)was discovered by Mendel.
D)is stored in ribosomes.

Question 30

Genetic analysis of haplotypes and variants among living and precontact Native Americans indicates that Native Americans:

A)underwent a huge decline in genetic diversity after Columbus's arrival in the New World.
B)living today appear to be as diverse genetically as their ancient ancestors thousands of years ago.
C)have a genetic structure and haplogroups that are quite recent.
D)living today appear to be more diverse genetically than their ancient ancestors.

Question 31

Chromosome number is reduced during:

A)mitosis.
B)recombination.
C)translation.
D)meiosis.

Question 32

DNA:

A)is single stranded.
B)contains six different nucleotide bases.
C)directs cellular function.
D)contains the base uracil.

Question 33

Microsatellites are:

A)small satellite transmitters used in genetic research.
B)useful for determining group but not individual identification.
C)highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA.
D)known from Watson and Crick's 1950's research.

Question 34

Individuals whose blood type is A and who carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have a genotype of:

A)AA.
B)AO.
C)AB.
D)OO.

Question 35

Somatic cells are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)each includes a nucleus at some stage of its development.
B)they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body.
C)each contains half a copy of an organism's DNA.
D)each contains a complete copy of all of an organism's DNA.

Question 36

The presence of a recessive allele:

A)can always be determined from the phenotype.
B)can be masked in the phenotype.
C)is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.
D)can never be expressed in the phenotype.

Question 37

A doctor finds that the mammary glands of a woman are not functioning due to a genetic abnormality that influences the structural design of the thoracic cavity.This is likely the result of a mutation:

A)on the sex chromosomes.
B)in a Hox gene.
C)in HSV-1.
D)none of the above

Question 38

In 2004, the Human Genome Project published a human genome map indicating that _______ genes are responsible for the human body's proteins.

A)100,000
B)50,000
C)20,000-25,000
D)200,000-250,000

Question 39

Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis.

Question 40

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR):

A)allows us to use genetic methods to explore the origins and movements of populations.
B)is used to amplify tiny sequences of DNA for study.
C)allows us to study small amounts of DNA available in ancient skeletons.
D)all of the above

Question 41

Define polygenic and pleiotropic traits and explain their significance for researchers' efforts to link human genotypes to phenotypes.

Question 42

What is the evolutionary significance of meiosis?