Question 1

Which of the following is the term used to describe microbial foods or supplements that can be used to change or reestablish the intestinal flora and improve the health of the host?&#10;A)Probiotics&#10;B)Phytoestrogens&#10;C)Stanols&#10;D)Lignans

Accepted Answer

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that promote health of the gastrointestinal tract and can be provided through the diet by eating fermented foods such as yogurt or sauerkraut.Phytoestrogens are plant estrogens, such as found in soy, which has beneficial effects in women's health.Stanols are steroidal compounds that occur in plants that may promote cardiovascular health.Lignans are fiber sources that can act as phytoestrogens and promote immune function.

Question 2

Endogenous toxins include&#10;A)pollutants in water.&#10;B)drugs.&#10;C)end products of metabolism of hormones.&#10;D)curcuminoids.

Accepted Answer

Pollutants in water and drugs are exogenous toxins.The end products of hormone metabolism are endogenous toxins.Curcuminoids are antioxidants found in some foods such as tumeric and curry.

Question 3

Endogenous toxins are&#10;A)the same as xenobiotics.&#10;B)from environmental pollutants.&#10;C)end products of metabolism.&#10;D)Prebiotics.

Accepted Answer

Toxins that are generated internally such as the end products of metabolism are known as endogenous toxins.Exogenous toxins are of external origin such as chemicals and pollutants.Prebiotics are nondigestible food products that stimulate the growth of bacteria already present in the colon.

Question 4

A trend in adults is the United States is that they&#10;A)are spending more money on food away from home.&#10;B)are eating more family meals at home.&#10;C)generally meet the dietary recommendations for promoting health&#10;D)use the MyPyramid tool to plan their diets

Accepted Answer

According to the consumer price index, it is estimated that Americans spend up to 48.5% of their food dollars away from home.The sit-down family meals at home have given way to eating on the run, take-out meals, and drive-through restaurants.Although 84% of the population is aware of MyPyramid, of those who know about this tool, only 25% report customizing their diets using it.

Question 5

Which of the following is a comorbid diagnosis associated with obesity?&#10;A)Osteoporosis&#10;B)Premenstrual syndrome&#10;C)Type 2 diabetes mellitus&#10;D)Chronic lung disease

Accepted Answer

Obesity is associated with a number of other medical conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.Osteoporosis is seen more often in smaller women.No evidence links obesity to an increase in the symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome.Chronic lung disease is more associated with cigarette smoking.

Question 6

Which of the following are biologically active, naturally occurring substances in plants that act as natural defense systems and show potential for reducing the risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease?

A)Prebiotics
B)Phytochemicals
C)Butyrates
D)Xenobiotics

Accepted Answer

Phytochemicals include substances such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids that provide color, aroma, and flavor to foods.Prebiotics are carbohydrates that are used by beneficial gastrointestinal bacteria to promote their growth and inhibition of growth of harmful bacteria.Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that is used by colonic mucosal cells as an energy source.A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the body, usually harmful.

Question 7

Which phytochemicals are thought to promote the detoxification systems of the body?&#10;A)Isothiocyanates&#10;B)Carotenoids&#10;C)Phytic acid&#10;D)Phenols

Accepted Answer

Isothiocyanates promote the production of phase II enzymes in the liver biotransformation system.Carotenoids, phytic acid, and phenols all have antioxidant properties that are protective of different tissues and cells throughout the body.

Question 8

Which is an appropriate nutritional guideline for the adult years?&#10;A)Focus primarily on lipid intake.&#10;B)Follow a nutrient-dense, phytochemical-rich food plan.&#10;C)Follow the dietary guidelines used for adolescents.&#10;D)Follow a vegan diet.

Accepted Answer

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans focus on eating nutrient-dense foods, but there is the added benefit that the identified foods tend to also be phytochemical rich.Focusing on lipid intake limits awareness of the variety of benefits that arise from the intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.Dietary recommendations for adolescents focus on the promotion of adequate growth and development during adolescence, and in many cases, they exceed the needs of the average adult.A carefully chosen vegan diet supplemented with specific nutrients can be healthy, but vegan diets (and other very restrictive diets) are generally considered a risk factor for inadequate nutrition.

Question 9

How is soy beneficial in promoting cardiovascular health?&#10;A)By reducing saturated fat intake&#10;B)By replacing animal protein in the diet&#10;C)By stimulating HDL production&#10;D)By promoting vasodilation and decrease in blood pressure

Accepted Answer

The isoflavones in soy were originally thought to have a direct effect on the lipoprotein profile associated with serum cholesterol; however, recent evidence has not substantiated any effect on HDL cholesterol or triglycerides.The American Heart Association recommends the use of soy as an alternative to animal protein; therefore, the benefit is seen through a reduction in saturated fat intake.Isoflavones do not have antioxidant properties.Although isoflavones are associated with vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) in menopausal women, effects on blood pressure have not been noted.

Question 10

Increased dietary intake of what is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease?&#10;A)Grains, fruits, and vegetables&#10;B)Legumes&#10;C)Vegetable oils&#10;D)Trans-fatty acids

Accepted Answer

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which were established to promote decreased risk of chronic disease, emphasize the increased intake of grains, fruits, and vegetables.Legumes are considered to be a subcategory of vegetables.Vegetable oils vary in the fatty acid profile; therefore, consideration should be given to this before selecting ones to use.Trans-fatty acids are harmful in regard to the development of cardiovascular disease and should be avoided.

Question 11

The leading cause of death and debilitation among adults in the United States is&#10;A)accidents&#10;B)cancer&#10;C)diabetes&#10;D)Heart disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of The leading cause of death and debilitation...

Question 12

Which group is at risk of not eating the RDI of nutrients and may benefit by the use of multivitamin supplements?&#10;A)Athletes&#10;B)Premenopausal women&#10;C)Those with food allergies&#10;D)Men older than age 50 years

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group is at risk of not...

Question 13

Which of the following nutrients should men avoid taking as supplements during their adult years?&#10;A)Iron&#10;B)Anthocyanin&#10;C)Lycopene&#10;D)Vitamin D

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following nutrients should men...

Question 14

Who may benefit the most from the light to moderate intake of alcohol in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?&#10;A)Men in their late 30s&#10;B)Women in their 20s&#10;C)Women in their late 40s&#10;D)Men in their late 40s

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who may benefit the most from the...

Question 15

Which of the following is an effect of the decreased circulation of estrogen associated with menopause?&#10;A)Increase in bone remodeling&#10;B)Increase in HDL levels&#10;C)Increase in LDL levels&#10;D)Increase in energy levels

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an effect...

Question 16

What are phytoestrogens are thought to reduce the risk of?&#10;A)Liver polyps&#10;B)Cardiovascular disease&#10;C)Type 2 diabetes mellitus&#10;D)Beriberi

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are phytoestrogens are thought to reduce...

Question 17

A major change in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is that&#10;A)it puts more emphasis on using processed foods.&#10;B)portion sizes replace serving sizes.&#10;C)it emphasizes calorie-dense over nutrient-dense foods.&#10;D)it is tied to the consumer price index.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major change in the 2010 Dietary...

Question 18

When do perimenopause and menopause begin in women?&#10;A)Early 30s&#10;B)Late 40s&#10;C)Elder years&#10;D)Mid 30s

Accepted Answer

The answer of When do perimenopause and menopause begin in...

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the defining characteristics of metabolic syndrome?&#10;A)Abdominal obesity&#10;B)Hypertension&#10;C)Elevated blood lipids&#10;D)Physical inactivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 20

What are good food sources of bioflavonoids?&#10;A)Berries and cherries&#10;B)Carrots and squash&#10;C)Salmon and tuna&#10;D)Dark green vegetables

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are good food sources of bioflavonoids?&#10;A)Berries...

Deck 20: Nutrition in the Adult Years