Deck 37: Medical and Nutrition Therapy for Cancer

Question 1

Common side effects of radiation-induced enteritis combined with small bowel resection include

A)sore throat, mucositis, and severe dental and gum destruction.
B)nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
C)maldigestion, malabsorption, dehydration, and malnutrition.
D)edema, ascites, and weight gain.

Answer 1

C
Short bowel syndrome is a result of radiation-induced enteritis and small bowel resection.Because of the decreased length of the bowel, maldigestion, malabsorption, dehydration, and malnutrition are common side effects.When radiation therapy is used to treat head and neck cancer, sore throat, mucositis, and dental and gum destruction can occur.Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common consequences of a variety of cancer treatments.Chemotherapy treatments that affect fluid retention and excretion can promote edema, ascites, and weight gain.

Question 2

Which of the following is a protein that affects fat stores during cancer and induces a state of anorexia?

A)Insulin
B)Growth hormone
C)Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin)
D)Glucagon

Answer 2

C
Tumor necrosis factor, is a cytokine protein that promotes breakdown of both protein and fat stores to provide adequate energy for tumor cells.At the same time, an insulin resistance occurs because of the excessive fatty acid oxidation.Glucose levels increase, but the glucose and amino acids made available from protein breakdown are preferentially used by the cancer cells.Growth hormone has been investigated as a potential treatment to promote weight gain in cancer patients who have lost weight.High levels of glucose suppress the secretion of glucagon.

Question 3

Which of the following may be avoided after cancer therapy as the result of alteration in taste sensation?

A)Sweets
B)Salty foods
C)Meats
D)Dairy products

Answer 3

C
Meat aversions can result from chemotherapy or radiation therapy that affects oral or mouth cancers.Meat aversions may be acquired because of changes in taste acuity.Taste thresholds for sweet and salty sensations may alter, and the affect on intake varies depending on whether taste acuity increases or decreases.Although the fats in dairy products have been associated with the development of several cancers, alterations in taste sensation after treatment have not been reported.

Question 4

Which diagnostic mechanism is used to determine tumor size?

A)Staging
B)Tumor biopsy
C)Tumor markers
D)Cytokines

Question 5

What cautions should be made to a cancer patient considering use of a macrobiotic diet for treatment?

A)It may not provide enough energy and is deficient in calcium and vitamin B12.
B)It may be high in energy, fat, and protein and low in vitamin B12.
C)It may be low in protein and high in energy and fat.
D)It may be high in protein and low in energy and fat.

Question 6

Which of the following presents with the symptoms of progressive weight loss, anorexia, wasting, and immunosuppression?

A)Radiation-induced enteritis
B)Xerostomia
C)Veno-occlusive disease
D)Cancer cachexia

Question 7

Which of the following is recommended in the medical nutrition therapy for a patient undergoing surgical treatment of esophageal tumors?

A)Placement of a feeding tube at the time of surgery
B)Oral liquid diet with supplements
C)Regular diet with multivitamin supplementation
D)Total parenteral nutrition

Question 8

Chemoprevention is the

A)pharmacologic use of nutrients to suppress or reverse carcinogenesis.
B)pharmacologic use of medications to treat cancer.
C)use of CAM therapy to prevent or treat cancer.
D)reduction of carcinogenic growth factors in the blood.

Question 9

According to the evidence from current research, what role does drinking regular amounts of coffee or tea have on cancer development?

A)There is a strong causal relationship between coffee intake and cancer.
B)There is a suggested causal relationship between coffee intake and cancer.
C)Coffee may have an anticancer effect.
D)There is a strong causal relationship for tea but not for coffee.

Question 10

For _____ cancer, epidemiologic studies indicated that alcohol consumption increases the risk of development.

A)ovarian
B)prostate
C)mouth
D)pancreatic

Question 11

For which of the following problems associated with cancer treatment should a high-calorie diet supplemented with calorically dense foods be provided?

A)Constipation
B)Xerostomia
C)Anorexia
D)Neutropenia

Question 12

Parenteral nutrition support should be routinely considered for

A)all cancer patients.
B)After hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)
C)well-nourished cancer patients in whom oral intake is about 50% of desired goal.
D)patients with advanced cancer whose disease is unresponsive to chemotherapy or radiation.

Question 13

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

A)should never be treated with parenteral nutrition.
B)always occurs immediately after transplant.
C)is a minor complication of chemotherapy.
D)is a major complication seen primarily after allogenic transplants.

Question 14

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated most often a positive association between body weight or BMI and which site-specific cancers?

A)Bladder and lung
B)Breast and prostate
C)Colon, pancreas, and thyroid
D)Esophagus, endometrium, gallbladder, and kidney

Question 15

An autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant is one involving

A)stem cells donated by a sibling or parent.
B)stem cells donated by a twin.
C)stem cells previously taken from the patient.
D)stem cells from an unrelated donor or cadaver.

Question 16

A goal of nutrition therapy during palliative care is to

A)replenish nutrient stores.
B)promote weight gain.
C)improve albumin status.
D)alleviate symptoms.

Question 17

Which type of cancer treatment is systemic therapy?

A)Chemotherapy
B)Surgery
C)Radiation therapy
D)Syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Question 18

In carcinogenesis, which step does NOT necessarily occur in tumor development?

A)Initiation
B)Promotion
C)Progression
D)Metastasis

Question 19

Which dietary modification would be used when a patient has neutropenia?

A)Provide bland liquids and soft solids.
B)Avoid strong flavors, acidic, or spicy foods.
C)Provide special handling of raw meats
D)Provide sauces and gravies with foods.

Question 20

For the pharmacologic management of patients with anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer and cancer treatment, which of the following has been demonstrated to promote weight gain and increase in lean body tissue?

A)Corticosteroids
B)Dronabinol
C)Megestrol acetate
D)Oxandrolone