Question 1

Which of the following deficiencies could cause macrocytic anemia?&#10;A)Vitamin B12&#10;B)Vitamin B6&#10;C)Homocysteine&#10;D)Iron

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies both may promote the development of macrocytic anemia because they are involved in DNA synthesis, and loss of either results in the impaired production of red blood cells.Homocysteine is a product of methionine metabolism.Levels of homocysteine increase when vitamin B₁₂ and folate are deficient because these are necessary for its conversion back to methionine.Vitamin B₆ affects homocysteine by converting it to cysteine.However, neither of these promote anemia.Iron is associated with microcytic anemia.

Question 2

Laboratory tests for nutrients&#10;A)are not useful if you have only a single test result.&#10;B)are always best done on whole blood.&#10;C)may indicate deficiency before clinical or anthropometric data does.&#10;D)are currently not well controlled.

Accepted Answer

Laboratory-based nutrition testing, used to estimate nutrient concentration in biologic fluids and tissues, is critical for assessment of both clinical and subclinical nutrient deficiencies.Most of these states can be assessed in the laboratory so that nutritional intervention can occur before a clinical or anthropometric change or a frank deficiency occurs.Single test results may be useful for screening or to confirm an assessment based on changing clinical, anthropometric, and dietary status.The best biologic medium to test depends on the specific nutrient.Laboratory assessment is stringently controlled.It involves comparing control samples with predetermined substance or chemical constituent concentrations with every patient specimen.

Question 3

In urinalysis tests, which of the following is expected to appear at some level in normal people?&#10;A)Glucose&#10;B)Ketones&#10;C)Blood&#10;D)Protein

Accepted Answer

Small amounts of protein, from 2 to 8 mg/dL, are expected in normal urine.Larger amounts are associated with damage to the kidneys.Results for glucose, ketones, and blood in the urine are expected to be negative.

Question 4

Apolipoprotein B (apoB)&#10;A)is a subparticle of LDL cholesterol.&#10;B)is a subparticle of HDL cholesterol.&#10;C)should be measured as a risk factor for CVD according to ACC/AHA guidelines.&#10;D)is not an independent marker for CVD risk.

Accepted Answer

The new ACC/AHA guidelines deemphasize use of any markers other than LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.Emerging risk markers for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) that are not recommended in ATP 4 include differentiating subparticles of LDL by size and grouping by pattern, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype.The Cholesterol Expert Panel determined that these markers are not independent markers for risk and do not add to prediction equations.

Question 5

Which of the following would be included in a complete blood count?&#10;A)Total cholesterol&#10;B)Mean cell volume&#10;C)Glucose&#10;D)Albumin

Accepted Answer

A CBC panel focuses on the analysis and descriptions of the red blood cells, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean cell volume (the size of the red blood cells).Glucose, total cholesterol, and albumin are values on a common serum chemistry or blood panel.

Question 6

BMIs of _______ are associated with increased risk of mortality in those 65 and older.&#10;A)less than 23&#10;B)less than 18.5&#10;C)greater than 24.9&#10;D)there is no association between BMI and risk of mortality

Accepted Answer

Differences in race, sex, and age must be considered when evaluating the BMI.BMI values tend to increase with age, yet the relationship between BMI and mortality appears to be U-shaped in adults aged 65 and older.The risk of mortality increased in older adults with a BMI of less than 23.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a laboratory measure of hydration status?&#10;A)Serum sodium&#10;B)Blood urea nitrogen&#10;C)Serum glucose&#10;D)Urine specific gravity

Accepted Answer

Although high serum glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus have a dehydrating effect, by itself, it is not a measure of hydration.Glucose, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are all factors in the calculation of serum osmolality.Serum osmolality, serum sodium, BUN, and urine specific gravity are all laboratory values that may be used to assess hydration status.

Question 8

Which laboratory value would be added in a comprehensive metabolic panel (compared with a BMP)?&#10;A)Albumin&#10;B)Glucose&#10;C)Blood urea nitrogen&#10;D)White blood cells

Accepted Answer

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services established that for the BMP, the following tests are reimbursable: glucose, calcium, potassium, carbon dioxide, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine.For the CMP, the following are added: albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphate, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin.WBC would appear on a CBC, which may include a differential identifying the levels of the different types.

Question 9

Which of the following manifestations will occur in iron deficiency anemia?&#10;A)Microcytic anemia&#10;B)Macrocytic anemia&#10;C)High reticulocyte count&#10;D)High MCV

Accepted Answer

Microcytic anemia is mostly associated with iron deficiency.Macrocytic anemia, which would be reflected by a high MCV value, is usually caused by either folate or vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.Reticulocytes are large, nucleated, immature red blood cells that are released in small numbers with mature red blood cells.The presence of these may indicate erythropoiesis in response to blood loss, hemolysis, or iron, folate, or vitamin B₁₂ therapies.

Question 10

Which of the following is a positive acute-phase respondent?&#10;A)Interleukin-1&#10;B)Albumin&#10;C)Transthyretin&#10;D)C-reactive protein

Accepted Answer

Positive acute-phase respondents include C-reactive protein, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, ferritin, and complement components C3 and C4, just to name a few.Interleukin-1 is one of the cytokines triggered by trauma that reorients hepatic synthesis of plasma proteins.Albumin and transthyretin (prealbumin) are both negative acute-phase proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following is a measure of iron storage?&#10;A)TIBC&#10;B)Serum ferritin&#10;C)Transferrin&#10;D)Hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a measure...

Question 12

Which of the following is a measure of somatic protein status?&#10;A)C-reactive protein&#10;B)Retinol-binding protein&#10;C)Urinary methylmalonic acid&#10;D)Urinary creatinine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a measure...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT associated with a decrease in prealbumin levels?&#10;A)Malnutrition&#10;B)Inflammation&#10;C)Protein-wasting disease of the gastrointestinal tract&#10;D)Zinc deficiency

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT associated...

Question 14

Which indicator of protein status has the longest half-life?&#10;A)Albumin&#10;B)Prealbumin&#10;C)Retinol-binding protein&#10;D)Transferrin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which indicator of protein status has the...

Question 15

Which nutrient-related disorder is likely to result in a stool test being ordered?&#10;A)Diabetes&#10;B)Anemia&#10;C)Night blindness&#10;D)Cheilosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which nutrient-related disorder is likely to result...

Question 16

During trauma, what happens to negative acute-phase respondent levels?&#10;A)Blood levels decrease because of decreased synthesis.&#10;B)Blood levels increase because of transport into the vascular space.&#10;C)Blood levels are not altered because of the catabolism of proteins.&#10;D)Blood levels are similar to what they would be during simple starvation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During trauma, what happens to negative acute-phase...

Question 17

Which of the following occurs during acute illness or trauma?&#10;A)Negative acute-phase respondents increase.&#10;B)Positive acute-phase respondents decrease.&#10;C)Negative acute-phase respondents decrease.&#10;D)Both positive and negative acute-phase respondents increase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following occurs during acute...

Question 18

Which of the following is a measure of glucose control?&#10;A)Highly sensitive C-reactive protein&#10;B)Hemoglobin A1C&#10;C)Homocysteine&#10;D)Apolipoprotein B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a measure...

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about bioelectric impedance analysis?&#10;A)It measures lean body tissue.&#10;B)It is noninvasive and portable.&#10;C)It is not accurate in a dehydrated individual.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE about...

Deck 7: Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment