Deck 16: Neural Integration Ii: the Autonomic Nervous System and

Question 1

Injury to the cervical sympathetic ganglia would affect the function of the

A)heart.
B)pupils.
C)salivary glands.
D)lungs.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest."

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)thoracolumbar
D)visceral
E)somatomotor

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.

A)intramural
B)collateral
C)chain
D)paravertebral
E)suprarenal

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Postganglionic axons usually are

A)myelinated.
B)unmyelinated.
C)larger than preganglionic fibers.
D)located in the brain.
E)located in the spinal cord.

Question 5

Craniosacral division is another name for the

A)sympathetic division of the ANS.
B)parasympathetic division of the ANS.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)afferent nervous system.
E)central nervous system.

Question 6

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

A)lateral gray horns of the cervical cord.
B)anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord.
C)lateral gray horns of segments T₁ to L₂ of the spinal cord.
D)anterior gray horns of segments T₁ to L₂ of the spinal cord.
E)lateral gray horns of T₁ to S₂ of the spinal cord.

Question 7

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in

A)the brain.
B)the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
C)the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
D)both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
E)the cerebrum.

Question 8

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

A)intramural
B)collateral
C)chain
D)prevertebral
E)suprarenal

Question 9

Ganglionic neurons innervate such things as

A)smooth muscle.
B)cardiac muscle.
C)adipose tissue.
D)glands.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

In the sympathetic nervous system,where are the preganglionic neurons located?

A)cervical and sacral segments of the spinal cord
B)sacral segments of the spinal cord
C)brain stem
D)thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord
E)cerebellum

Question 11

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons.

A)long; myelinated
B)long; unmyelinated
C)short; myelinated
D)short; unmyelinated
E)intermediate; white

Question 12

The statement "there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 13

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

A)postganglionic fibers.
B)visceral reflex responses.
C)motor neurons.
D)ganglionic neurons.
E)afferent neurons.

Question 14

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)?

A)exertion
B)trauma
C)digestion
D)stress
E)exercise

Question 15

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron.

A)upper motor
B)lower motor
C)preganglionic
D)postganglionic
E)somatomotor

Question 16

Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

A)relaxation of the urinary sphincter.
B)increased heart rate.
C)hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves.
D)activation of ventral sweat glands.
E)increased gastric motility.

Question 17

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?

A)somatic division
B)craniosacral division
C)resting division
D)thoracolumbar division
E)lumbosacral division

Question 18

Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to

A)dilate the right pupil.
B)constrict the right pupil.
C)dilate the left pupil.
D)constrict the left pupil.
E)smile and frown.

Question 19

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

A)heart.
B)pupils.
C)sweat glands.
D)digestive tract.
E)arrector pili muscles.

Question 20

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons.

A)short; myelinated
B)short; unmyelinated
C)long; myelinated
D)long; unmyelinated
E)intermediate; small

Question 21

Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within

A)intramural ganglia.
B)collateral ganglia.
C)sympathetic chain ganglia.
D)suprarenal ganglia.
E)white rami.

Question 22

Sympathetic nerves

A)provoke feelings of sympathy.
B)allow us to relax,rest,and recover.
C)are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity.
D)control swallowing.
E)stimulate gastric secretion.

Question 23

The celiac ganglia innervate which of the following?

A)liver
B)spleen
C)stomach
D)pancreas
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

The suprarenal medullae secrete

A)medullin.
B)epinephrine.
C)norepinephrine.
D)renin.
E)both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 25

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A)somatic motor neuron
B)preganglionic neuron
C)sensory neuron
D)ganglionic neuron
E)astrocyte

Question 26

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

A)intramural ganglia.
B)collateral ganglia.
C)chain ganglia.
D)brain stem.
E)suprarenal medullae.

Question 27

During sympathetic activation,________ occurs.

A)elevated heart rate
B)elevated blood pressure
C)sweating
D)elevated blood glucose
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the

A)suprarenal medulla.
B)celiac ganglia.
C)sympathetic chain ganglia.
D)inferior mesenteric ganglia.
E)splanchnic nerves.

Question 29

The celiac ganglion innervates the

A)stomach.
B)liver.
C)pancreas.
D)spleen.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A)ventral root
B)dorsal ramus
C)spinal nerve
D)ventral ramus
E)white ramus

Question 31

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the round structure labeled "3."

A)dorsal root ganglion
B)spinal nerve
C)chain ganglion
D)intramural ganglion
E)rami communicantes

Question 32

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A)gray ramus
B)dorsal ramus
C)spinal nerve
D)white ramus
E)ventral root

Question 33

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers,except

A)increased sweat secretion.
B)reduced circulation to the skin.
C)decreased heart rate.
D)dilation of the pupils.
E)increased blood flow to skeletal muscles.

Question 34

Splanchnic nerves

A)originate from first-order neurons located in the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
B)consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia.
C)control sympathetic function of structures in the thorax.
D)connect chain ganglia.
E)are formed of parasympathetic fibers.

Question 35

Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?

A)thoracic
B)pelvic
C)abdominal
D)craniosacral
E)abdominopelvic

Question 36

The celiac,superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called ________ ganglia.

A)chain
B)collateral
C)intramural
D)paravertebral
E)terminal

Question 37

A person is confronted by a dangerous dog.His heart begins to race and beat strongly,his pupils dilate,and his hairs stand up.These signs are the result of

A)sympathetic activation.
B)increased levels of epinephrine in the blood.
C)increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus.
D)the "fight or flight" response.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 38

Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder is by way of the

A)celiac ganglion.
B)superior mesenteric ganglion.
C)inferior mesenteric ganglion.
D)pudendal ganglion.
E)pelvic ganglion.

Question 39

As the result of an accident,the white rami of spinal nerves T₁ and T₂ on the left side of Brad's body are severed.What organ(s)would you expect might be affected by this injury?

A)left pupil
B)right pupil
C)heart
D)both pupils
E)left pupil and the heart

Question 40

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "1."

A)somatic motor neuron
B)preganglionic neuron
C)sensory neuron
D)ganglionic neuron
E)astrocyte

Question 41

A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells.This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.

A)nicotinic cholinergic
B)muscarinic cholinergic
C)alpha-1 adrenergic
D)alpha-2 adrenergic
E)beta-1 adrenergic

Question 42

Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion?

A)ciliary ganglion.
B)pterygopalatine ganglion.
C)submandibular ganglion.
D)otic ganglion.
E)celiac ganglion.

Question 43

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves,except N

A)III.
B)VII.
C)IX.
D)X)
E)XII.

Question 44

Sympathomimetic drugs might be used to

A)decrease heart rate.
B)decrease blood pressure.
C)dilate airways.
D)increase gastric motility.
E)reduce blood sugar levels.

Question 45

the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)1 and 3
E)1,2,and 3

Question 46

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating

A)constipation.
B)diarrhea.
C)excessive salivation.
D)excessive heart rate.
E)prostate disorders.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true?
The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to

Question 48

an increase in metabolic activity.

Question 49

An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that

A)activates β₁ adrenergic receptors.
B)activates β₂ adrenergic receptors.
C)activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
D)blocks β₂ adrenergic receptors.
E)activates β₂ adrenergic receptors or activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

Question 50

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the

A)splanchnic nerves.
B)facial nerves.
C)vagus nerves.
D)glossopharyngeal nerves.
E)trigeminal nerve.

Question 51

stimulation of airway smooth muscle.

Question 52

Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs.Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug?

A)sweating
B)increased heart rate
C)dilation of respiratory passages
D)decreased blood pressure
E)increased blood sugar level

Question 53

Parasympathetic functions include all of the following,except

A)decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction.
B)constriction of the pupils.
C)dilation of the airways.
D)stimulation of urination.
E)stimulation of defecation.

Question 54

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in

A)the decrease in ATP production.
B)increased heart rate and force of contraction.
C)decreased force of contraction.
D)slower heart rate.
E)inhibition of the heart muscle.

Question 55

Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true?

A)They are G proteins.
B)When activated,cAMP levels are affected.
C)Epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.
D)Norepinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 56

Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead.Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?

A)the heart
B)a blood vessel in the skin
C)a sweat gland
D)the liver
E)the salivary glands

Question 57

Ganglionic neurons in the suprarenal gland

A)are located in the suprarenal cortex.
B)release acetylcholine into blood capillaries.
C)release epinephrine into blood capillaries.
D)have no known function.
E)are modified and can't release neurotransmitters.

Question 58

The statement "it initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 59

Stimulation of α₁ adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine results in

A)an increase in the amount of intracellular cAMP.
B)a decrease in the amount of intracellular cAMP.
C)decreased membrane permeability to sodium ion.
D)release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
E)increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.

Question 60

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure).Which of the following might help deal with his problem? A drug that

A)blocks alpha-1 receptors in skeletal muscle.
B)blocks alpha-2 receptors in adipose tissue.
C)increases cAMP levels in cardiac muscle tissue.
D)blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue.
E)blocks alpha-1 receptors in skeletal muscle and blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue

Question 61

Postganglionic sympathetic axons can release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions.

A)acetylcholine
B)nitric oxide
C)norepinephrine
D)ACh
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 62

Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors,causing constriction of peripheral vessels,are

A)sympathetic blocking agents.
B)sympathomimetic.
C)parasympathetic blocking agents.
D)parasympathomimetic.
E)autonomic blocking agents.

Question 63

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating

A)heart failure.
B)high blood pressure.
C)urinary incontinence.
D)hyperactivity.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 64

Intramural ganglia in the digestive,urinary,and reproductive organs are innervated by the ________ nerves.

A)spinal
B)splanchnic
C)chain
D)pelvic
E)collateral

Question 65

Postganglionic fibers release neurotransmitter on peripheral effectors

A)at distinct synapses.
B)at pearl-like swellings called varicosities.
C)into capillaries within the target organ.
D)at the end plates.
E)at sympathetic chain ganglia.

Question 66

Sweat glands contain ________ receptors.

A)nicotinic cholinergic
B)muscarinic cholinergic
C)alpha
D)beta
E)adregeneric

Question 67

Parasympathetic stimulation

A)increases heart rate.
B)increases gastric motility.
C)causes sweat glands to secrete.
D)causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate.
E)causes the pupils to dilate.

Question 68

Mary accidentally ate poison mushrooms that contain muscarine.What symptoms would you expect to observe?

A)diarrhea
B)salivation
C)very low heart rate
D)sweating
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 69

The statement "its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 70

A neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine.This will lead to

A)activation of chemically-gated ion channels.
B)excitation of the neuron.
C)entry of sodium ions into the neuron.
D)depolarization of the neuron.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 71

Muscarinic receptors

A)are normally activated by acetylcholine.
B)are found mostly in autonomic ganglia.
C)always produce an excitatory response.
D)control sodium channels in the affected membrane.
E)are blocked by norepinephrine.

Question 72

The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 73

Which of these provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the neck and in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A)vagus nerves
B)sciatic nerves
C)glossopharyngeal nerves
D)pelvic nerves
E)cervicothoracocabdominopelvic nerves

Question 74

Drugs that block nicotinic receptors would be

A)sympathomimetic.
B)parasympathomimetic.
C)parasympathetic blocking agents.
D)sympathetic blocking agents.
E)autonomic blocking agents.

Question 75

The statement "it controls the diameter of the pupil" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 76

A doctor places drops in the eyes to dilate the pupils for an examination. The type of drug that is used is a(n) ________ drug.
1) sympathomimetic
2) muscarinic blocking
3) adrenergic activating
4) cholinergic activating

A) 1, 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 1, 2, and 3
E) 2, 4

Question 77

The statement "its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is

A)true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B)true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C)true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D)not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E)true only for the somatic nervous system.

Question 78

Nicotinic receptors

A)respond to epinephrine.
B)respond to norepinephrine.
C)open chemically-gated sodium ion channels.
D)are found at neuroeffector junctions of the parasympathetic nervous system.
E)are found at neuroeffector junctions of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 79

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving

A)two nerves from the spinal cord.
B)both autonomic and somatomotor nerves.
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.
D)nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord.
E)both sensory and motor nerves.

Question 80

cholinergic activating

A)1,2
B)3
C)4
D)1,2,and 3
E)2,4