Deck 21: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the

A)tunica intima.
B)tunica externa.
C)tunica media.
D)tunica interna.
E)tunica adventitia.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Of the following arteries,the one that is an elastic artery is

A)the subclavian artery.
B)the external carotid artery.
C)the brachial artery.
D)the femoral artery.
E)the ulnar artery.

Question 5

In large arteries,the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the

A)tunica intima.
B)external elastic membrane.
C)tunica media.
D)internal elastic membrane.
E)tunica externa.

Question 6

The smallest arterial branches are called the

A)precapillary arterioles.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 7

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

A)continuous capillaries.
B)fenestrated capillaries.
C)sinusoidal capillaries.
D)sinusoids.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 8

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

A)artery.
B)arteriole.
C)capillary.
D)venule.
E)vein.

Question 9

After blood leaves the capillaries,it enters the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 10

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

A)skeletal muscles.
B)cardiac muscle.
C)the pituitary.
D)bone.
E)skin.

Question 11

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 12

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1.venules
2)arterioles
3)capillaries
4)elastic arteries
5)medium veins
6)large veins
7)muscular arteries

A)7,4,2,3,1,5,6
B)6,5,1,3,2,7,4
C)5,6,1,3,2,7,4
D)2,7,6,3,1,5,6
E)4,7,2,3,1,5,6

Question 13

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

A)tunica intima.
B)external elastic membrane.
C)tunica media.
D)internal elastic membrane.
E)tunica externa.

Question 14

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium.Blood moves slowly through these spaces.This tissue sample most likely came from the

A)heart.
B)lungs.
C)liver.
D)kidneys.
E)skin.

Question 15

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 16

Venous valves are responsible for

A)preventing anterograde flow.
B)channeling blood away from the heart.
C)channeling blood toward the heart.
D)preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
E)regulating blood pressure in veins.

Question 17

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 18

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system,which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

A)doubles; decreases
B)reduces; increases
C)decreases; doubles
D)increases; reduces
E)reduces; reduces

Question 19

Compared to arteries,veins

A)are more elastic.
B)have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.
C)have a pleated endothelium.
D)have thinner walls.
E)hold their shape better when cut.

Question 20

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

A)tunica adventitia.
B)tunica media.
C)tunica intima.
D)tunica externa.
E)tunica mater.

Question 21

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 22

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

A)0)2 mm
B)1)0 cm
C)0)4 mm
D)0)4 cm
E)1)5 cm

Question 23

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 24

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

A)large veins
B)venules
C)medium veins
D)arteriovenules
E)venous valves

Question 25

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 26

Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?

A)arteriole
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)venule

Question 27

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered

A)a large vein.
B)a venule.
C)a medium vein.
D)an arteriovenule.
E)a venous valve.

Question 28

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

A)hypertension.
B)stroke.
C)coronary artery disease.
D)myocardial infarction.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

A)high cholesterol
B)lack of exercise
C)smoking
D)obesity
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

A)vasa vasorum.
B)plexus.
C)precapillary sphincter.
D)thoroughfare channel.
E)venule.

Question 31

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

A)arteriolar
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)vascular

Question 32

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

A)30
B)60
C)20
D)50
E)25

Question 33

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 34

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)veins.
D)venules.
E)capillaries.

Question 35

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 36

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 37

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)

A)large vein.
B)venule.
C)medium vein.
D)arteriovenule.
E)venous valve.

Question 38

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

A)arteriolar
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)vascular

Question 39

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

A)perforated capillaries.
B)discontinuous capillaries.
C)fenestrated capillaries.
D)sinuses.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

A)hypotension
B)quadriplegia
C)stroke
D)myocardial infarction
E)pulmonary embolism

Question 41

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 42

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

A)arterioles.
B)venules.
C)arteries.
D)veins.
E)capillaries.

Question 43

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

A)blood viscosity
B)vessel diameter
C)turbulence
D)vascular resistance
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

A)level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
B)level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
C)veins constrict.
D)arterioles dilate.
E)arterioles constrict.

Question 45

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following,except

A)the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B)pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
C)the respiratory pump.
D)valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
E)muscular compression.

Question 46

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

A)decreased plasma albumen
B)increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C)increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
D)both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
E)increased plasma albumen

Question 47

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)capillaries
C)systemic arterioles
D)veins
E)arteries

Question 48

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 49

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following,except the

A)length of a blood vessel.
B)osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
C)turbulence.
D)blood viscosity.
E)blood vessel diameter.

Question 50

Clinically,the term blood pressure usually refers to

A)arteriovenous pressure.
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C)arterial pressure.
D)peripheral pressure.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 51

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

A)venous pressure.
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C)diastolic pressure.
D)peripheral pressure.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 52

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A)arterioles.
B)venules.
C)veins.
D)arteries.
E)capillaries.

Question 53

List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 1.venules 5. medium veins
2)arterioles 6. large veins
3)capillaries 7. muscular arteries
4)elastic arteries

A)6,5,1,3,2,7,4
B)4,7,2,3,1,5,6
C)7,4,2,3,1,5,6
D)5,6,1,3,2,7,4
E)2,7,6,3,1,5,6

Question 54

Resistance is a force that

A)increases blood flow.
B)decreases blood flow.
C)never changes in a blood vessel.
D)acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.
E)is always higher than blood pressure.

Question 55

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A)artery.
B)arteriole.
C)capillary.
D)venule.
E)vein.

Question 56

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

A)pressure builds.
B)pressure drops.
C)flow becomes turbulent.
D)viscosity increases.
E)diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

Question 57

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 58

Averaged over a few heartbeats,venous return is ________ cardiac output.

A)much higher than
B)somewhat higher than
C)equal to
D)somewhat lower than
E)much lower than

Question 59

Blood pressure increases with all of the following,except increased

A)cardiac output.
B)peripheral resistance.
C)blood volume.
D)parasympathetic innervation.
E)force of cardiac contraction.

Question 60

Blood pressure is determined by

A)measuring the size of the pulse.
B)listening carefully to the pulse.
C)estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
D)estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.
E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

Question 61

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance,except

A)increased sympathetic stimulation.
B)elevated levels of epinephrine.
C)vasodilation.
D)irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
E)elevated hematocrit.

Question 62

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

A)a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B)a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C)a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D)a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Question 63

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F),pressure (P),and resistance (R)?

A)P=(F×R)× 4
B)F=R/P
C)F=P+R
D)F=P-R
E)F=P/R

Question 64

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,

A)the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
B)venous return is decreased.
C)reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.
D)heart rate is reflexively elevated.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 65

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue,except

A)increased hematocrit.
B)increased vessel diameter.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)decreased peripheral resistance.
E)relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

Question 66

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output,except

A)increased venous return.
B)decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C)increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
D)increased blood concentration of glucose.
E)stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.

Question 67

Edema may occur when

A)the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.
B)endothelial permeability goes up.
C)capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.
D)blood pressure is high.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 68

When renin is released from the kidney,

A)angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
B)angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
C)angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys.
D)blood pressure goes down.
E)blood flow to the kidneys decreases.

Question 69

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A)concentration of plasma sodium ions.
B)concentration of plasma glucose.
C)concentration of plasma waste products.
D)concentration of plasma proteins.
E)number of red blood cells.

Question 70

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90,his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

A)210
B)100
C)93
D)105
E)90

Question 71

If blood pressure doubled,the blood flow through a vessel would be

A)doubled.
B)halved.
C)four times greater.
D)1/4 as much.
E)unchanged.

Question 72

Relative to the lumen,which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 73

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

A)critical closing
B)mean arterial
C)pulse
D)blood
E)circulatory

Question 74

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries,the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

A)decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
B)is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries.
C)increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
D)increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.
E)decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

Question 75

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure,except

A)release of renin.
B)decrease in blood volume.
C)decreased peripheral resistance.
D)increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E)decreased levels of aldosterone.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

A)Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
B)Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
C)The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
D)The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.
E)The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

Question 77

Turbulent blood flow occurs

A)when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.
B)at high flow rates.
C)when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter.
D)when blood pressure is excessively high.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 78

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure,except

A)increased levels of aldosterone.
B)increased levels of angiotensin II.
C)increased blood volume.
D)increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E)increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

Question 79

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter,a vessel with a small diameter has

A)less resistance to blood flow.
B)the same amount of pressure as resistance.
C)a greater resistance to blood flow.
D)a higher blood pressure.
E)a greater blood flow.

Question 80

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?

A)accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones
B)assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries
C)helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system
D)flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces
E)All of the answers are correct.