Deck 24: The Digestive System

Question 1

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the

A)transitional cells.
B)plicae.
C)elastic cells.
D)rugae.
E)villi.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A)mucosa.
B)submucosa.
C)muscularis mucosa.
D)myenteric plexus.
E)submucosal plexus.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

A)pancreas
B)esophagus
C)large intestine
D)stomach
E)anus

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following,except in the

A)anal canal.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)oropharynx.
E)oral cavity.

Question 5

The digestive tract is also referred to as the

A)alimentary canal.
B)esophagus.
C)GI tract.
D)alimentary canal and the GI tract.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

A)serosa.
B)adventitia.
C)muscularis mucosa.
D)mucosa.
E)submucosa.

Question 7

Digestion refers to the

A)progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B)mechanical breakdown of food.
C)chemical breakdown of food.
D)mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A)mechanical processing
B)absorption
C)compaction
D)ingestion
E)filtration

Question 9

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A)mucosa.
B)submucosa.
C)muscularis.
D)adventitia.
E)serosa.

Question 10

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

A)lamina propria.
B)muscularis mucosae.
C)submucosa.
D)submucosal plexus.
E)myenteric plexus.

Question 11

The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 12

Sensory nerve cells,parasympathetic ganglia,and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

A)mucosa.
B)serosa.
C)adventitia.
D)submucosal plexus.
E)lamina propria.

Question 13

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves,lymphatics,and blood vessels.

A)serosa
B)adventitia
C)mesenteries
D)fibrosa
E)lamina propria

Question 14

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A)segmentation.
B)pendular movements.
C)peristalsis.
D)churning movements.
E)mastication.

Question 15

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

A)component of mucosa
B)sensory neural network
C)secretes a watery fluid
D)coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E)loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 16

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract,except the

A)stomach.
B)pharynx.
C)esophagus.
D)bladder.
E)colon.

Question 17

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

A)hormones.
B)parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
C)the contents of the digestive tract.
D)intrinsic nerve plexuses.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A)appendix
B)pancreas
C)spleen
D)colon
E)esophagus

Question 19

Which of these descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus?

A)component of mucosa
B)sensory neural network
C)secretes a watery fluid
D)coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E)loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 20

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)submucosal plexus
D)muscularis mucosa
E)adventitia

Question 21

________ pair(s)of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four
E)Six to Ten

Question 22

Functions of the tongue include all of the following,except

A)mechanical processing of food.
B)manipulation of food.
C)sensory analysis of food.
D)aiding in speech.
E)partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Question 23

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp cavity.
E)periodontium.

Question 24

The root of a tooth is covered by

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)the root canal.

Question 25

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

A)simple squamous
B)stratified squamous
C)pseudostratified
D)stratified columnar
E)transitional

Question 26

The greater omentum is

A)the entrance to the stomach.
B)attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature.
C)important in the digestion of fats.
D)a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E)a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.

Question 27

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

A)small intestine
B)esophagus
C)large intestine
D)stomach
E)anus

Question 28

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 29

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

A)increase intestinal motility.
B)decrease intestinal motility.
C)increase gastric secretion.
D)decrease gastric secretion.
E)interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

Question 30

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called

A)peritoneal sheets.
B)mesenteries.
C)ascites.
D)the diaphragm.
E)the dorsal and ventral frenulums.

Question 31

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

A)submucosa
B)digestive epithelium
C)muscularis mucosae
D)lamina propria
E)mucosa

Question 32

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 33

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

A)uvula.
B)pharyngeal arch.
C)palatoglossal arch.
D)palatopharyngeal arch.
E)epiglottis.

Question 34

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

A)secretes peritoneal fluid.
B)decreases friction.
C)lubricates the cavity.
D)prevents irritation.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Which layer of the digestive tract directly underlies the epithelium?

A)submucosa
B)digestive epithelium
C)muscularis mucosae
D)lamina propria
E)lymphoid nodules

Question 36

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)periodontium.

Question 37

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium,except the

A)stomach.
B)transverse colon.
C)esophagus.
D)small intestine.
E)large intestine.

Question 38

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

A)submaxillary
B)submandibular
C)parotid
D)sublingual
E)vestibular

Question 39

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following,except

A)analysis of material before swallowing.
B)mechanical processing of food.
C)lubrication.
D)absorption of monosaccharides.
E)digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 40

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer: 1. lamina propria 4. digestive (mucous) epithelium
2) muscularis externa 5. serosa
3) submucosa 6. muscularis mucosae

A)5, 2, 3, 6, 1, 4
B)4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5
C)4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5
D)5, 4, 2, 6, 1, 3
E)1, 4, 3, 6, 2, 5

Question 41

Which of the following is a function of the tongue?

A)manipulation to assist with chewing
B)mechanical processing
C)sensory analysis
D)secretion of mucins
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Functions of teeth include

A)tearing.
B)crushing.
C)cutting.
D)clipping.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 43

If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive,an individual

A)has a condition called ankyloglossia.
B)has difficulty eating.
C)cannot speak normally.
D)cannot protract the tongue as far as most individuals.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A)Molars
B)Cuspids
C)Eye teeth
D)Canines
E)Dentins

Question 45

________ are also known as canines.

A)Bicuspids
B)Incisors
C)Molars
D)Secondary teeth
E)Cuspids

Question 46

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

A)Incisors
B)Bicuspids
C)Premolars
D)Cuspids
E)Molars

Question 47

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)fauces.
D)vestibule.
E)dip sulcus.

Question 48

The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.

A)mandibular
B)sublingual
C)lingual
D)submandibular
E)parotid

Question 49

In most cases,the mumps is a viral infection of the

A)mandibular glands.
B)sublingual glands.
C)parotid glands.
D)submandibular glands.
E)lingual glands.

Question 50

During deglutition,

A)the soft palate elevates.
B)the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes.
C)the lower esophageal sphincter opens.
D)smooth muscle contracts.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the

A)palatine processes of the maxillary bones.
B)hard palate.
C)soft palate.
D)palatine bones.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

The crown of a tooth is covered by

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)periodontium.

Question 53

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

A)Canines
B)Bicuspids
C)Cuspids
D)Incisors
E)Molars

Question 54

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

A)sympathetic stimulation.
B)hormonal stimulation.
C)parasympathetic stimulation.
D)myenteric reflexes.
E)hunger.

Question 55

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the

A)uvula.
B)faux.
C)lingual frenulum.
D)labial frenulum.
E)glossal septum.

Question 56

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would

A)occurs when too much protein is ingested.
B)cause mumps.
C)interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
D)prevent emulsification of lipids.
E)inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands.

Question 57

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

A)mandibular
B)sublingual
C)lingual
D)submandibular
E)parotid

Question 58

The uvula is located at the

A)posterior of the tongue.
B)margin of the vestibule.
C)base of a tooth.
D)posterior margin of the soft palate.
E)margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

Question 59

________ crush and grind food.

A)Bicuspids
B)Incisors
C)Molars
D)Cuspids
E)Bicuspids and molars

Question 60

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

A)vestibule.
B)gingiva.
C)alveolus.
D)uvula.
E)faux.

Question 61

Parietal cells secrete

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)mucus.
D)hydrochloric acid.
E)enteropeptidase.

Question 62

The enzyme pepsin digests

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.
E)vitamins.

Question 63

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube.These include

A)epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous.
B)epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar.
C)muscularis externa may be striated muscle.
D)epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar.
E)epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar and muscularis externa may be striated muscle.

Question 64

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

A)cardia.
B)pylorus.
C)fundus.
D)antrum.
E)body.

Question 65

The pylorus empties into the

A)ileum.
B)colon.
C)cecum.
D)jejunum.
E)duodenum.

Question 66

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is

A)pepsin.
B)trypsin.
C)gastrin.
D)rennin.
E)cholecystokinin.

Question 67

During deglutition,which of the following phases is not present?

A)buccal
B)pharyngeal
C)gastric
D)esophageal
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 68

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to

A)inhibit hunger.
B)initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid.
C)regulate the digestion of lipids.
D)stimulate hunger.
E)stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands.

Question 69

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A)cardia.
B)papillae.
C)rugae.
D)plicae.
E)villi.

Question 70

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

A)sight,thought,or smell of food.
B)entry of food into the stomach.
C)entry of chyme into the small intestine.
D)entry of chyme into the large intestine.
E)release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.

Question 71

G cells of the stomach secrete

A)cholecystokinin.
B)secretin.
C)gastrin.
D)enteropeptidase.
E)pepsin.

Question 72

Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?

A)fundus
B)cardia
C)body
D)antrum
E)pylorus

Question 73

Chief cells secrete

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)mucus.
D)hydrochloric acid.
E)intrinsic factor.

Question 74

Functions of the stomach include all of the following,except

A)storage of ingested food.
B)denaturation of proteins.
C)initiation of protein digestion.
D)absorption of triglycerides.
E)mechanical breakdown of food.

Question 75

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A)mastication.
B)moving the tongue.
C)swallowing.
D)esophageal peristalsis.
E)opening the cardiac sphincter.

Question 76

Gastric pits are

A)ridges in the body of the stomach.
B)involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.
C)openings into gastric glands.
D)acid scars in the esophagus.
E)hollows where proteins are stored.

Question 77

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A)body.
B)antrum.
C)pylorus.
D)cardia.
E)fundus.

Question 78

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

A)antrum.
B)fundus.
C)body.
D)cardia.
E)pylorus.

Question 79

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

A)the stomach responds to distention.
B)secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells.
C)there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.
D)the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.
E)production of gastric juice slows down.

Question 80

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

A)where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
B)carries absorbed sugars and amino acids
C)stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid
D)causes gallbladder to contract
E)stimulates gastric secretion