Deck 21: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Compared to arteries,veins

A)are more elastic.
B)have more smooth muscle in their tunica media.
C)have a pleated endothelium.
D)have thinner walls.
E)hold their shape better when cut.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

After blood leaves the capillaries,it enters the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Venous valves are responsible for

A)preventing anterograde flow.
B)channeling blood away from the heart.
C)channeling blood toward the heart.
D)preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle.
E)regulating blood pressure in veins.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

A)skeletal muscles.
B)cardiac muscle.
C)the pituitary gland.
D)bone.
E)skin.

Question 5

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica

A)intima.
B)externa.
C)media.
D)interna.
E)adventitia.

Question 6

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the tunica

A)adventitia.
B)media.
C)intima.
D)externa.
E)mater.

Question 7

Of the following,which is an elastic artery?

A)the subclavian
B)the external carotid
C)the brachial
D)the femoral
E)the ulnar

Question 8

The thoroughfare channel ends at the

A)artery.
B)arteriole.
C)capillary.
D)venule.
E)vein.

Question 9

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium.Blood moves slowly through these spaces.This tissue sample most likely came from the

A)heart.
B)lungs.
C)liver.
D)kidneys.
E)skin.

Question 10

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 11

In arteries,the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the

A)tunica intima.
B)external elastic membrane.
C)tunica media.
D)internal elastic membrane.
E)tunica externa.

Question 12

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the

A)tunica intima.
B)external elastic membrane.
C)tunica media.
D)internal elastic membrane.
E)tunica externa.

Question 13

The smallest arterial branches are called the

A)precapillary arterioles.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 14

Relative to the lumen,which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 15

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

A)continuous capillaries.
B)fenestrated capillaries.
C)sinusoidal capillaries.
D)sinusoids.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 16

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 17

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 18

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system,which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

A)doubles; decreases
B)reduces; increases
C)decreases; doubles
D)increases; reduces
E)reduces; reduces

Question 19

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 20

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

A)tunica intima
B)external elastic membrane
C)tunica media
D)internal elastic membrane
E)tunica externa

Question 21

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 22

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

A)hypertension.
B)stroke.
C)coronary artery disease.
D)myocardial infarction.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 23

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

A)the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B)pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
C)the respiratory pump.
D)valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood.
E)muscular compression.

Question 24

Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

A)hypotension
B)quadriplegia
C)stroke
D)myocardial infarction
E)pulmonary embolism

Question 25

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered a(n)

A)large vein.
B)venule.
C)medium vein.
D)arteriovenule.
E)venous valve.

Question 26

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 27

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n)

A)large vein.
B)venule.
C)medium vein.
D)arteriovenule.
E)venous valve.

Question 28

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

A)perforated capillaries.
B)discontinuous capillaries.
C)fenestrated capillaries.
D)sinuses.
E)vasa vasorum.

Question 29

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

A)high cholesterol
B)lack of exercise
C)smoking
D)obesity
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

A)large veins
B)venules
C)medium veins
D)arteriovenules
E)venous valves

Question 31

Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 32

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

A)0)2 mm
B)1)0 cm
C)0)4 mm
D)0)4 cm
E)1)5 cm

Question 33

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 34

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

A)30
B)60
C)20
D)50
E)25

Question 35

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 36

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

A)arteriolar
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)vascular

Question 37

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?

A)arteriolar
B)elastic
C)connective
D)muscular
E)vascular

Question 38

What structure do RBCs move through single-file?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 39

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)veins.
D)venules.
E)capillaries.

Question 40

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

A)vasa vasorum.
B)plexus.
C)precapillary sphincter.
D)thoroughfare channel.
E)venule.

Question 41

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

A)decreased plasma albumen
B)increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C)increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
D)both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
E)increased plasma albumen and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 42

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

A)pressure builds.
B)pressure drops.
C)flow becomes turbulent.
D)viscosity increases.
E)diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

Question 43

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

A)artery
B)arteriole
C)capillary
D)venule
E)vein

Question 44

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

A)blood viscosity
B)vessel diameter
C)turbulence
D)vascular resistance
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 45

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

A)a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B)a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C)a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D)a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Question 46

Blood pressure is determined by

A)measuring the size of the pulse.
B)listening carefully to the pulse.
C)estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
D)estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel.
E)measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

Question 47

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

A)venous pressure.
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C)diastolic pressure.
D)peripheral pressure.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 48

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit,starting at the aorta?
1)venules 5.medium veins
2)arterioles 6.large veins
3)capillaries 7.muscular arteries
4)elastic arteries

A)6,5,1,3,2,7,4
B)4,7,2,3,1,5,6
C)7,4,2,3,1,5,6
D)5,6,1,3,2,7,4
E)2,7,6,3,1,5,6

Question 49

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

A)level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
B)level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.
C)veins constrict.
D)arterioles dilate.
E)arterioles constrict.

Question 50

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

A)cardiac output.
B)peripheral resistance.
C)blood volume.
D)parasympathetic innervation.
E)force of cardiac contraction.

Question 51

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 52

If blood pressure doubled,the blood flow through a vessel would be

A)doubled.
B)halved.
C)four times greater.
D)1/4 as much.
E)unchanged.

Question 53

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)capillaries
C)systemic arterioles
D)veins
E)arteries

Question 54

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the

A)length of a blood vessel.
B)osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
C)turbulence.
D)blood viscosity.
E)blood vessel diameter.

Question 55

Resistance is a force that

A)increases blood flow.
B)decreases blood flow.
C)never changes in a blood vessel.
D)acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel.
E)is always higher than blood pressure.

Question 56

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A)arterioles.
B)venules.
C)veins.
D)arteries.
E)capillaries.

Question 57

Clinically,the term blood pressure usually refers to

A)arteriovenous pressure.
B)capillary hydrostatic pressure.
C)arterial pressure.
D)peripheral pressure.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 58

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A)artery.
B)arteriole.
C)capillary.
D)venule.
E)vein.

Question 59

Averaged over a few heartbeats,venous return is ________ cardiac output.

A)much higher than
B)somewhat higher than
C)equal to
D)somewhat lower than
E)much lower than

Question 60

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

A)arterioles.
B)venules.
C)arteries.
D)veins.
E)capillaries.

Question 61

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.

A)systolic; diastolic
B)hydrostatic; colloid osmotic
C)blood; interstitial
D)colloid osmotic; hydrostatic
E)plasma; extracellular

Question 62

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

A)critical closing
B)mean arterial
C)pulse
D)blood
E)circulatory

Question 63

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter,a vessel with a small diameter has

A)less resistance to blood flow.
B)the same amount of pressure as resistance.
C)a greater resistance to blood flow.
D)a higher blood pressure.
E)a greater blood flow.

Question 64

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the

A)muscular arteries.
B)liver.
C)hepatic portal vein.
D)venules.
E)lymphatic system.

Question 65

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,

A)the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
B)venous return is decreased.
C)reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.
D)heart rate is reflexively elevated.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 66

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except

A)release of renin.
B)decrease in blood volume.
C)decreased peripheral resistance.
D)increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E)decreased levels of aldosterone.

Question 67

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries,the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

A)decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
B)is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries.
C)increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
D)increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.
E)decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

Question 68

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by

A)large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma.
B)a greater salt concentration in blood cells.
C)the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall.
D)osmosis of water.
E)hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane.

Question 69

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?

A)accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones
B)assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries
C)helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system
D)flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 70

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except

A)increased venous return.
B)decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C)increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
D)increased blood concentration of glucose.
E)stimulation of the heart by epinephrine.

Question 71

When renin is released from the kidney,

A)angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II.
B)angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
C)angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys.
D)blood pressure goes down.
E)blood flow to the kidneys decreases.

Question 72

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

A)vascular resistance
B)venous pressure
C)viscosity of blood
D)vessel length
E)turbulence

Question 73

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90,his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

A)210
B)100
C)93
D)105
E)90

Question 74

Turbulent blood flow occurs

A)when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.
B)at low flow rates.
C)within long and straight blood vessels.
D)when blood pressure is excessively low.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 75

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

A)increased levels of aldosterone.
B)increased levels of angiotensin II.
C)increased blood volume.
D)increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
E)increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

Question 76

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

A)Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.
B)Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.
C)The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.
D)The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.
E)The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

Question 77

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

A)concentration of plasma sodium ions.
B)concentration of plasma glucose.
C)concentration of plasma waste products.
D)concentration of plasma proteins.
E)number of red blood cells.

Question 78

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F),pressure (P),and resistance (R)?

A)P = (F × R)× 4
B)F = R/P
C)F = P + R
D)F = P - R
E)F = P/R

Question 79

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except

A)increased hematocrit.
B)increased vessel diameter.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)decreased peripheral resistance.
E)relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

Question 80

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

A)increased sympathetic stimulation.
B)elevated levels of epinephrine.
C)vasodilation.
D)irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques.
E)elevated hematocrit.