Deck 6: The Human Population and Its Impact

Question 1

Population change is calculated using which of the following formulas?

A)(deaths + emigration) ─ (births + immigration)
B)(births + immigration) ─ (deaths + emigration)
C)(deaths + immigration) ─ (births + emigration)
D)(births + emigration) ─ (deaths + immigration)
E)(births + deaths) ─ (immigration + emigration)

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What percentage of the people that will be added to the human population by 2050 will be born into less-developed countries?

A)92%
B)52%
C)18%
D)82%
E)44%

Answer 2

A

Question 3

By 2050, if the population increase estimates are correct and everyone reaches the current U.S.level of resource consumption per person, we will need how many planet Earth's?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Answer 3

E

Question 4

At today's level of consumption, scientists estimate that we would need the equivalent of how many planet Earths to sustain our per capita use of resources?

A)1.0
B)1.1
C)1.2
D)1.3
E)2.0

Question 5

What was the average number of children born to a woman in the United States in 2009?

A)1.0
B)3.4
C)2.1
D)1.6
E)5.7

Question 6

The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given year.

A)50
B)100
C)500
D)1,000
E)100,000

Question 7

The total fertility rate (TFR), between 1955 and 2010, dropped in less-developed countries from 6.2 to what level?

A)3.2
B)2.8
C)4.5
D)1.8
E)2.1

Question 8

What was the average number of children born to a woman in China in 2009?

A)1.0
B)3.4
C)2.1
D)1.6
E)5.7

Question 9

The 2010 U.S.population of 310 million is expected to reach what level by 2050?

A)500 million
B)439 million
C)415 million
D)375 million
E)350 million

Question 10

If every woman on earth had no more than an average of 2.1 children during their reproductive years, the human population would continue to rise for how long?

A)5,000 years
B)150 years
C)50 years
D)20 years
E)5 years

Question 11

The concept of an optimal human population level, which allows most people to live in reasonable comfort and freedom without impairing the future sustainability, is called

A)optimization strategy
B)genetic optimization
C)stabilization theorem
D)nil hypothesis
E)cultural carrying capacity

Question 12

If the human population levels off during the 21ˢᵗ century, it will move from a "J-shaped" curve to what curve shape?

A)N
B)I
C)S
D)P
E)C

Question 13

The exponential rate of growth of the total human population over the past 100 years resulted from

A)large birth rate increases
B)sharp drop in death rates
C)significant immigration
D)leveling off of death rates
E)fewer epidemics

Question 14

The U.S.total fertility rate has remained at or below replacement rate since what year?

A)1942
B)1952
C)1962
D)1972
E)1982

Question 15

The replacement-level fertility rate is ____ for developed countries and ____ for developing countries.

A)1.6; 1.9
B)2.5; 2.0
C)2.0; 2.5
D)2.1; 2.5
E)1.8; 2.1

Question 16

At the current time, how many people on earth do not have their basic needs met?

A)1.1 billion
B)1.2 billion
C)1.3 billion
D)1.4 billion
E)2 billion

Question 17

The U.S.population is

A)slowly growing
B)slowly declining
C)basically stable
D)rapidly declining
E)rapidly growing

Question 18

The total fertility rate is

A)the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
B)the number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves
C)the average number of children born to women in their reproductive years
D)the number of live births per 1000 people
E)the births and immigrations into a population

Question 19

Demographers estimate the human population of 2050 to be between 7.8 and 10.8 billion, based on several factors. Which one of these is not one of those factors.

A)reliability of current estimates
B)projections of likelihood of drought, famine, and war
C)assumptions about trends in fertility
D)different organizations use differing sets of data and methods to make estimates
E)none of these are one of the factors

Question 20

According to the United Nations, China's population should reach what size by the year 2025?

A)1.1 billion
B)1.2 billion
C)1.3 billion
D)1.4 billion
E)1.5 billion

Question 21

Which of the following is true of demographic transition as countries become industrialized?

A)Death rates drop, followed by birth rates.
B)Birth rates drop, followed by death rates.
C)Birth and death rates rise at the same time.
D)Birth and death rates fall at the same time.
E)Neither birth nor death rates fall.

Question 22

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?

A)The child is part of the family labor force.
B)Contraceptives are not available.
C)Women have opportunities to participate in education and employment.
D)No public or private pension system exists.
E)Infant mortality rates are high.

Question 23

Rapidly growing countries have an age structure diagram that

A)forms an inverted pyramid
B)has a broad-based pyramid
C)shows little variation in population by age
D)has a small pre-reproductive population
E)has a large post reproductive population

Question 24

Which of the following is not an effect of a high level of AIDS in a country?

A)loss of productive young workers
B)loss of trained personnel
C)increase in life expectancy
D)loss of adults to support the young
E)loss of adults to support the elderly

Question 25

Countries that have reached zero population growth have an age structure diagram that

A)forms an inverted pyramid
B)forms a broad-based pyramid
C)has little variation in prereproductive and reproductive age groups
D)has a large pre-reproductive population
E)has a large reproductive population

Question 26

According to recent research, how many environmental refugees were there in the year 2008?

A)100,000
B)1,000,000
C)5,000,000
D)25,000,000
E)40,000,000

Question 27

An age structure graph represents the number or percentage of

A)reproductive age females
B)reproductive age males and females
C)non-reproductive age males and females
D)economic status of reproductive males and females
E)males and females among age groups in a population

Question 28

Demographic transition may be hindered in some developing countries by all of the following except

A)shortages of scientists and engineers
B)insufficient financial capital
C)large debts to developed countries
D)a drop in economic assistance from developed countries
E)surplus of skilled workers

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the factors currently affecting birth and fertility rates?

A)number of people 60 or older
B)cost of raising and educating children
C)urbanization
D)educational and employment opportunities for women
E)average age at marriage

Question 30

All of the following reasons help explain why the United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates of developed countries, except

A)inadequate health care for pregnant poor women
B)women delaying getting pregnant until later in life
C)drug addiction among women
D)high birth rate among teenagers
E)inadequate health care for babies after birth

Question 31

Worldwide, how many children under 1 year of age die each day of preventable causes.

A)500
B)1,000
C)3,000
D)5,500
E)11,000

Question 32

The author suggests that one of the most important statistics is that nearly 30% of the people in less-developed countries are under 15 years of age.Why is this important?

A)Young people buy lots of goods and services.
B)Young people will be the leadership of the future.
C)Young people will feel the effects of global warming.
D)Young people don't have good sense.
E)Young people are poised to move into their prime reproductive years.

Question 33

Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are

A)birth rate and death rate
B)replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate
C)life expectancy and death rate
D)life expectancy and infant mortality rate
E)population growth rate and death rate

Question 34

Problems associated with rapid population decline include all of the following except

A)less government revenues with fewer workers
B)less new business formation
C)increased pensions and lowered retirement age
D)less likelihood for new technology development
E)increasing public deficits

Question 35

Worldwide, AIDS is the leading cause of death for people _____ years of age.

A)1-4
B)5-14
C)15-49
D)50-65
E)66+

Question 36

Which of the following is not an economic factor decreasing the likelihood of a couple having a child?

A)need for child to be part of the labor force
B)religious beliefs
C)cost of child's education
D)lack of a pension system
E)employment opportunities for women

Question 37

A country with a TFR that falls below 1.5 children per couple for a prolonged period will experience all of the following except

A)sharp rise in proportion of older people
B)increasing demand on medical care
C)increasing demand on social security funds or its equivalent
D)labor shortages
E)increasing number of working taxpayers.

Question 38

Currently, legal and illegal immigration account for approximately how much of the U.S.annual population growth?

A)100%
B)36%
C)63%
D)24%
E)15%

Question 39

Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children per 1,000 births that die

A)by their fifth birthday
B)before their first birthday
C)before six months
D)in their first month
E)before birth

Question 40

Since 1955 the global life expectancy has risen to

A)48 years
B)52 years
C)69 years
D)72 years
E)78 years

Question 41

The total fertility rate (TFR) for the United States is higher than the TFR for China.

Question 42

Reaching the replacement-level fertility rate means a quick halt to population growth.

Question 43

Which of the following is not true about India?

A)One out of four people is poor.
B)It has the fourth largest economy
C)80% of rural people have adequate sanitation.
D)Nearly one-half of the people are unemployed or underemployed.
E)40% of the population suffers from malnutrition.

Question 44

All of the following are true of India's resource and environmental problems except

A)India has 17% of world's people, but only 2.3 % of world's land resources
B)about one-half of India's cropland is degraded
C)about two-thirds of its water is seriously polluted
D)India has about 15% of the world's forests
E)sanitation services are often inadequate

Question 45

From 1972 until 2009 the average number of children born to a woman in China went from 1.6 to 5.7.

Question 46

Ninety percent of Indian couples have access to modern birth control methods, with what percentage actually using one?

A)80%
B)49%
C)62%.
D)10%
E)31%

Question 47

Which of the following statements is not true about China?

A)China's poverty rate is about half that of India
B)only 19% of China's people are under age 15
C)90% of Chinese couples use some form of birth control
D)China has very few critical resource and environmental problems
E)India's population will exceed China's by 2015

Question 48

In the demographic transition model, death rates fall while birth rates remain high during

A)the preindustrial stage
B)the industrial stage
C)the postindustrial stage
D)the transitional stage
E)following the postindustrial stage

Question 49

About two-thirds of the growth in the U.S.population in 2010 will be the result of births outnumbering deaths.

Question 50

The population of the United States is growing more quickly than any other developed country.

Question 51

There is no likelihood of stabilizing the human population in the near future.

Question 52

In the world's poorest countries, life expectancy is at 49 years or less and may fall further.

Question 53

There is general agreement that we have not reached the carrying capacity on earth for the human population.

Question 54

Which of the following is not a stage of the demographic transition model?

A)preindustrial
B)industrial
C)pre-transitional
D)transitional
E)postindustrial

Question 55

The population of China is growing faster than the population of the United Sates.

Question 56

The world's first national ______________ program began in India in 1952.

A)family planning
B)economic transition
C)literacy
D)sterilization
E)urbanization

Question 57

Women tend to have fewer and healthier children for all the following reasons, except

A)when their individual rights are protected
B)earn an income of their own
C)when they have access to education
D)when they control their own fertility
E)when they have access to the internet

Question 58

The growth rate of the human population is 7 times higher in the developing world than in the developed world.

Question 59

All of the countries below have shown that replacement level fertility can be reached in a decade or two, except

A)Egypt
B)Japan
C)Thailand
D)Iran
E)China

Question 60

Which of the following is not true of women globally?

A)do less than 50% of work associated with growing food
B)work two-thirds of all hours worked but receive only 10% of world's income
C)own less than 2% of world's land
D)make up 70% of world's poor
E)represent 64% of worlds illiterate adults

Question 61

In African countries where 15-26% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is expected to drop sharply.

Question 62

In the United States, between 1820 and 1960 most legal immigration came from Asia.

Question 63

Worldwide, 900 million girls do not attend elementary school.

Question 64

The rapid growth of the world's population over the past 100 years is primarily the result of a(n) ____________________ in the crude ____________________.

Question 65

Retirement of baby boomers is likely to create a shortage of workers in the U.S.

Question 66

The UN Population Fund indicates that less than 20% of all pregnancies in less-developed countries are unplanned, while 10% end with abortion.

Question 67

Human activities have directly affected, to some degree, about __________ of the earth's natural systems.

Question 68

Family planning reduces the number of legal and illegal abortions performed each year, and decreases deaths of mothers and fetuses during pregnancy.

Question 69

Infant mortality is one of the best measures of a society's quality of life.

Question 70

Family planning is responsible for a majority (55%) of the drop in total fertility rates (TFRs).

Question 71

Globally, women own 40% of the world's land.

Question 72

Except for a few oil-rich countries, no less-developed country has succeeded in becoming modernized without slowing population growth.

Question 73

Between 1972 and 2009, China cut its birth rate _______________.

Question 74

The ____________________ is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Question 75

India has a thriving and rapidly growing middle class.

Question 76

India has a middle class approximately the same size as the entire population of the U.S.

Question 77

Because there are fewer children per couple being born in China, the population overall is rapidly aging.

Question 78

In 2009 5% of the U.S.population was Hispanic.

Question 79

Worldwide the number of school-age girls who do not attend elementary school is more than 3 times the population of the United States.

Question 80

The ____________________ is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.