Deck 8: Aquatic Biodiversity

Question 1

Strongly swimming consumers would be part of which of the following?

A)phytoplankton
B)zooplankton
C)nekton
D)benthos
E)decomposers

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Found along some 70% of gently sloping sandy and silty coastlines in tropical and subtropical regions, and consisting of some 69 species of trees, are the

A)seagrass beds
B)barrier beaches
C)barrier islands
D)coral reefs
E)mangrove forests

Answer 2

E

Question 3

All of the following are part of the freshwater aquatic life zones, except

A)lakes
B)mangrove forests
C)inland wetlands
D)streams
E)rivers

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All of the following are part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones, except

A)oceans
B)estuaries
C)inland wetlands
D)coastal wetlands
E)mangrove forests

Question 5

Coral reefs are being damaged or destroyed by all of the following except

A)pollution
B)warmer ocean temperatures
C)increasing ocean acidity
D)coastal development
E)underfishing

Question 6

The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the

A)bathyal zone
B)coastal zone
C)littoral zone
D)benthic zone
E)abyssal zone

Question 7

On a fishing boat, someone catches a swordfish.As a biologist, you would consider this organism a type of

A)phytoplankton
B)zooplankton
C)nekton
D)benthos
E)decomposer

Question 8

Although only a small percentage of the ocean floor, coral reefs provide all the following benefits except

A)providing significant free oxygen
B)removing CO2 from the atmosphere
C)protecting coastlines from erosion
D)providing habitats for one-quarter of all marine organisms
E)providing one-fourth of fish catches in developing countries

Question 9

In a 2008 study, researchers estimated what percentage of the world's coral reefs had already been destroyed?

A)50
B)35
C)22
D)19
E)10

Question 10

If you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone, you would likely consider it a type of

A)benthos
B)zooplankton
C)nekton
D)phytoplankton
E)ultraplankton

Question 11

Estuaries and their associated coastal wetlands, which are coastal land areas covered with water all or part of the year, and include all of the following except

A)euphotic zone
B)river moths
C)inlets
D)bays
E)coastal marshes

Question 12

A jellyfish would be considered a type of which of the following?

A)benthos
B)zooplankton
C)nekton
D)phytoplankton
E)ultraplankton

Question 13

The key factors determining the types and numbers of organisms found in the various layers of both freshwater and marine systems include all of the following, except

A)parasitism
B)availability of nutrients
C)temperature
D)dissolved oxygen levels
E)availability of food

Question 14

Ultraplankton, photosynthetic bacteria, may be responsible for how much of the primary productivity near the ocean's surface?

A)100%
B)85%
C)70%
D)40%
E)none

Question 15

Which of the following is not part of the coastal zone?

A)estuaries
B)coastal wetlands
C)bathyal zone
D)intertidal zone
E)coral reefs

Question 16

Oysters, clams, and lobsters would be part of which of the following?

A)phytoplankton
B)zooplankton
C)nekton
D)benthos
E)decomposers

Question 17

The ocean zone that makes up less than 10% of the world's ocean area, yet contains 90% of all the marine species, is the

A)abyssal zone
B)bathyal zone
C)benthic zone
D)coastal zone
E)littoral zone

Question 18

The single ocean on earth is divided into 4 parts by the continents. Which of the following is not one of those parts?

A)Atlantic
B)Arctic
C)Baltic
D)Indian
E)Pacific

Question 19

Researchers have estimated more than ____ of the world's mangrove forests have been destroyed by human activities.

A)one-fourth
B)one-fifth
C)one-half
D)two-thirds
E)three-fourths

Question 20

Coastal marine ecosystem consisting of at least 60 species of plants that grow underwater in shallow marine and estuarine areas along most continental coastlines, are

A)salt marshes
B)sea grass beds
C)intertidal zones
D)mangrove forests
E)coral reefs

Question 21

Most photosynthesis in the open ocean occurs in the

A)abyssal zone
B)euphotic zone
C)estuary zone
D)bathyal zone
E)benthic zone

Question 22

How much of the world's ocean area has been heavily affected by human activity?

A)11%
B)21%
C)31%
D)41%
E)51%

Question 23

Which of the following would be characteristic of a eutrophic lake?

A)nutrient overload from human activities
B)nutrient levels between the extremes of too much and too little
C)small supply of plant nutrients
D)well-supplied with nutrients for producers
E)excessive nutrients

Question 24

Deep lakes with steep banks that have a small supply of plant nutrients are

A)oligotrophic lakes
B)eutrophic lakes
C)culturally eutrophic lakes
D)hypereutrophic lakes
E)mesotrophic lakes

Question 25

Fish adapted to cool, dark waters in lakes are found in the zone called

A)limnetic zone
B)benthic zone
C)littoral zone
D)profundal zone
E)abyssal zone

Question 26

Which of the following would be characteristic of the profundal zone?

A)rooted plants
B)low oxygen levels
C)nourished by dead matter
D)main photosynthetic layer
E)turtles, frogs, crayfish, perch

Question 27

Organisms in this area must be able to avoid being swept away, crushed by waves, or being left high and dry at low tides, and must survive daily or seasonal salinity and temperature changes.

A)estuaries
B)coastal wetlands
C)bathyal zone
D)intertidal zone
E)coral reefs

Question 28

In certain open sea areas winds, ocean currents, and other factors cause water to come up from the depths to the surface bringing nutrient from the ocean bottom.This process is called a(n)

A)downdraft
B)updraft
C)El Niño
D)La Niña
E)upwelling

Question 29

In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the

A)limnetic zone
B)benthic zone
C)littoral zone
D)profundal zone
E)abyssal zone

Question 30

Four of the following are major threats to marine systems; one is not.Choose the one that is not.

A)overfishing
B)sinking of ships to create artificial reefs
C)runoff of nonpoint source pollution
D)invasive species introduced by humans
E)habitat destruction from coastal development

Question 31

In lakes, large numbers of decomposers are found in the

A)limnetic zone
B)benthic zone
C)littoral zone
D)profundal zone
E)abyssal zone

Question 32

What percentage of the world's photosynthetic activity is accomplished by phytoplankton in the euphotic zone?

A)70
B)60
C)50
D)40
E)30

Question 33

The open, sunlit surface area away from the shore is which zone?

A)benthic
B)littoral
C)bathyal
D)limnetic
E)profundal

Question 34

How much of the population of the United States lives at or near a coast?

A)more than 95%
B)more than 82%
C)more than 75%
D)more than 66%
E)more than 50%

Question 35

If you fish for carp or catfish, you would likely need to fish in which part of a stream?

A)source zone
B)benthic zone
C)transition zone
D)floodplain zone
E)profundal zone

Question 36

In large lakes there are four distinct zones.Which of the following is not one of those zones?

A)benthic
B)littoral
C)bathyal
D)limnetic
E)profundal

Question 37

The zone in which you would expect to find deposit feeders along with oysters, clams, and sponges is the

A)euphotic zone
B)abyssal zone
C)coastal zone
D)intertidal zone
E)bathyal zone

Question 38

The deepest part of the ocean is the

A)abyssal zone
B)euphotic zone
C)estuary zone
D)bathyal zone
E)benthic zone

Question 39

If you fish for trout, you would be most likely to seek out which part of a stream?

A)source zone
B)benthic zone
C)transition zone
D)floodplain zone
E)profundal zone

Question 40

The dimly lit zone in which zooplankton and smaller fishes predominate is the

A)abyssal zone
B)euphotic zone
C)estuary zone
D)bathyal zone
E)benthic zone

Question 41

The amount of goods and services provided by marine coastal ecosystems is nearly equal to the annual U.S.gross domestic product (GDP).

Question 42

Most of the wetlands that are lost are used for

A)mining
B)urban development
C)agriculture
D)forestry
E)recreation

Question 43

Barrier beaches and their accompanying sand dunes are the first line of defense against the ravages of the sea.

Question 44

Four of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands; one is not.Choose the one that is not.

A)filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants
B)stopping the recharge of groundwater aquifers
C)reducing flooding and erosion caused by storms
D)helping to replenish stream flow during dry periods
E)helping to maintain biodiversity by providing habitats

Question 45

Which of the following is not a type of inland wetland?

A)marshes
B)littoral
C)swamps
D)prairie potholes
E)Arctic tundra

Question 46

Four of the following are major human activities that disrupt and degrade freshwater systems; one is not.Choose the one that is not.

A)Elimination of entire river systems.
B)Dams and canals fragment habitats.
C)Flood control levees and dikes disconnect rivers from floodplains.
D)Cities and farms add excess nutrients and pollution.
E)Draining inland wetlands to grow crops.

Question 47

The distribution of many aquatic organisms is determined largely by salinity.

Question 48

In most shallow systems, such as lake edges, nutrients are often in short supply, limiting the net primary productivity (NPP).

Question 49

Some parts of the deepest ocean remain completely untouched by human activity.

Question 50

The population living in the Chesapeake Bay area, between 1940 and 2007, grew from 1.5 million to 3.7 million and may reach 5 million by 2020.

Question 51

The Chesapeake Bay Program is an example of the good things that can be accomplished when a coordinated effort is made to accomplish something.

Question 52

A recent study indicates we need to take action quickly on reducing carbon dioxide emissions or the oceans may be too acidic and too warm to support coral reefs.

Question 53

The saltwater of the earth is a single and continuous body of water.

Question 54

The largest ocean is the Atlantic, which contains more than one-half of the earth's water.

Question 55

By 2050 more than 50% of all coral reefs could be gone.

Question 56

Coral bleaching occurs when algae, the food of the corals, die off because of stresses such as increased ocean temperatures.

Question 57

Oysters in Chesapeake Bay were once so abundant that they filtered and cleaned the water of the entire Bay every 3 days.

Question 58

Wide, slow-moving rivers containing lots of particulate matter (silt) would be typical of what aquatic life zone?

A)source zone
B)benthic zone
C)transition zone
D)floodplain zone
E)profundal zone

Question 59

Forty percent of the world's photosynthetic activity is conducted in the euphotic zone of the oceans.

Question 60

Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States.

Question 61

The majority of the wetlands that have been lost since the 1600s have been lost to development of cities.

Question 62

Officials of Maryland and Virginia are considering trying to rebuild the Chesapeake Bay's oyster population by introducing a foreign species of oyster.

Question 63

In deep aquatic systems the photosynthetic zone is called the ____________________ zone.

Question 64

Redirecting Mississippi River sediments through the wetlands and into the Gulf of Mexico, instead of into the Mississippi Delta, has caused the Delta to subside (sink).

Question 65

Algal blooms can result in a cloudiness called ____________________, which can reduce the penetration of sunlight.

Question 66

Once past the coastal zone, beyond the continental shelf, the ocean is called the ____________________.

Question 67

The many dams, levees, and canals on the Mississippi River have made the effects of hurricanes much worse on a city such as New Orleans.

Question 68

Coral reefs form in clear, warm coastal waters of the _______________ and _______________.

Question 69

In terms of biodiversity, coral reefs are the marine equivalent of _______________.

Question 70

The ____________________ is the largest of the four oceans, which contains more than ____________________ of the earth's water.

Question 71

Only about 20 percent of all inland wetlands in Germany and France have been destroyed.

Question 72

The distribution of many aquatic organisms is determined largely by the water's ____________________.

Question 73

Water in the floodplain zone usually has higher temperatures and less dissolved oxygen than that in the other zones.

Question 74

Most lakes are hypereutrophic when considering the level of nutrients.

Question 75

More than one half of the inland wetlands estimated to have existed in the continental United States during the 1600s no longer exist.

Question 76

A watershed is the land area that delivers runoff, sediment, and dissolved substances to a stream.

Question 77

Standing freshwater is called a lotic system.

Question 78

The aquatic equivalent of terrestrial biomes are called ____________________.

Question 79

The vertical zones of the open sea (euphotic, bathyal, and abyssal) are based primarily on ____________________.

Question 80

____________________ are where rivers meet the sea.