Deck 12: Food, Soil, and Pest Management

Question 1

All of the following are commonly grown in plantation agriculture, except

A)bananas
B)corn
C)soybeans
D)coffee
E)sugarcane

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Three grain crops provide 48% of all the food calories.Which of the following includes those three grains?

A)rice, wheat, corn
B)oats, rice, wheat
C)corn, wheat, oats
D)corn, rice, maize
E)oats, maize, rice

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One in ____ people worldwide suffers from a deficiency of one or more vitamins and minerals.

A)3
B)5
C)10
D)25
E)100

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Today in America, four of the top ten causes of death are diseases related to diet including all of the following except

A)Down's syndrome
B)type 2 diabetes
C)some forms of cancer
D)heart disease
E)stroke

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of organic agriculture?

A)emphasizes use of animal manure and compost as fertilizer
B)employs crop rotation and biological pest control
C)uses genetically modified seeds
D)is regionally and locally oriented
E)uses no antibiotics or growth hormones to produce meat

Question 6

The major goal of industrialized agriculture for any crop has been to steadily increase its

A)tolerance to weeds
B)tolerance of drought
C)yield per unit of land
D)purity
E)aesthetic qualities

Question 7

Anemia may be the result of a deficiency in

A)cobalt
B)iodine
C)iron
D)calcium
E)phosphorus

Question 8

Of the estimated 50,000 plant species that people can eat, only ____ of them supply an estimated 90% of the world's food calories.

A)24
B)20
C)14
D)9
E)3

Question 9

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?

A)plantation agriculture
B)monocultural agriculture
C)industrialized agriculture
D)high-input agriculture
E)traditional subsistence agriculture

Question 10

In Australia and New Zealand about one-third of all cultivated land is used to raise organic crops and beef. In the United States what percentage of our crop land grows organic foods?

A)0.6%
B)1.5%
C)4%
D)11%
E)18%

Question 11

The term overnutrition refers to

A)obtaining too few calories per day
B)when energy use is less than energy intake
C)eating unbalanced meals
D)eating poor quality foods
E)eating too much protein

Question 12

Overnutrition and undernutrition both face all of the following health problems, except

A)lower productivity
B)lower life quality
C)lower life expectancy
D)greater susceptibility to disease
E)higher rates of malaria

Question 13

The root cause of food insecurity is

A)war
B)political upheaval
C)poverty
D)corruption
E)climate change

Question 14

Many of the world's poor only have access to a low-protein, high-carbohydrate, vegetarian diet and suffer from

A)chronic undernutrition
B)famine
C)hunger
D)chronic malnutrition
E)food security

Question 15

Food experts report there is more than a 90% chance atmospheric warming and climate change will result in what percentage of the world's population facing serious food shortages by the year 2100?

A)5%
B)10%
C)25%
D)50%
E)75%

Question 16

Approximately 26 million children each year suffer irreversible brain damage from lack of which of the following?

A)cobalt
B)iodine
C)iron
D)calcium
E)phosphorus

Question 17

The human population continues rapid growth. Each day, how many more people must be fed?

A)50,000
B)76,000
C)121,000
D)224,000
E)353,000

Question 18

A severe shortage of food leading to mass starvation, many deaths, economic chaos, and social disruption, is called

A)chronic undernutrition
B)famine
C)hunger
D)chronic malnutrition
E)food security

Question 19

The term undernutrition refers to people who consume

A)less than the basic number of daily calories
B)unbalanced meals
C)the wrong kinds of food
D)poor quality foods
E)too much protein

Question 20

Each year, approximately 250-500,000 children under six years of age go blind from lack of

A)iron
B)calcium
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin B
E)vitamin C

Question 21

Since 1900, how much of the genetic diversity of agricultural crops have we lost?

A)25%
B)33%
C)50%
D)67%
E)75%

Question 22

What percentage of the world's grain production is used to make biofuels such as ethanol for cars?

A)31%
B)48%
C)35%
D)17%
E)52%

Question 23

Industrialized livestock production generates 18% of the world's climate-changing greenhouse gases, more than all the world's cars, buses, and planes. Most of this comes from

A)pig manure
B)rotting livestock food
C)cattle belching
D)chicken manure
E)cattle flatulence

Question 24

Which of the following soil horizons is considered topsoil?

A)O
B)A
C)B
D)C
E)E

Question 25

Industrialized agriculture requires large inputs of all of the following, except

A)draft animals
B)financial capital
C)commercial inorganic fertilizers
D)water
E)fossil fuels

Question 26

People in the United States spend how much of their disposable income on food?

A)more than 40%
B)more than 30%
C)less than 20%
D)less than 10%
E)less than 2%

Question 27

Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to accumulation of salts in the upper layers of the soil, a process called

A)salinization
B)desertification
C)soil erosion
D)overgrazing
E)waterlogging

Question 28

Indoor hydroponic farming has a number of advantages over conventional outdoor growing systems, including all of the following, except

A)crops can be grown under controlled conditions almost anywhere
B)crops require considerably more land than traditional methods
C)yields and availability are increased because crops are grown year around
D)fertilizer and water use are reduced through recycling
E)there is little or no need for pesticides

Question 29

With industrialized food production, for every one unit of energy put on the table, how many units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy are required to produce it?

A)5
B)100
C)10
D)0.5
E)0.001

Question 30

In less-developed countries, the poor, those making less than $2.25 a day, typically spend how much of their income on food?

A)20%
B)35%
C)40%
D)58%
E)70%

Question 31

Adding water until the water table rises and envelops the deep roots of plants resulting in a loss of productivity, ultimately killing them, is called

A)salinization
B)desertification
C)soil erosion
D)overgrazing
E)waterlogging

Question 32

What is the largest cause of soil erosion?

A)moving water
B)still water
C)wind
D)sink holes
E)mountain avalanches

Question 33

Genetically modified crops and foods have all of the following advantages, except

A)need less fertilizer
B)needs less water
C)increases yields
D)grows faster
E)may reduce energy needs

Question 34

A second green revolution has been taking place since 1967, based on

A)fast-growing cattle
B)extra heavy hogs
C)sheep that fatten quickly
D)fast-growing rice and wheat
E)vitamin enriched soybeans

Question 35

Slash and burn agriculture is a type of

A)high-input agriculture
B)industrialized agriculture
C)monoculture agriculture
D)plantation agriculture
E)traditional subsistence agriculture

Question 36

Irrigating crops creates a number of problems. Which of the following is not one of those problems?

A)boosts productivity on farms
B)salinization
C)depletes groundwater
D)waterlogging
E)depletes surface water

Question 37

U.S.agriculture produces 17% of the world's grains with how much of the world's farm labor force?

A)0.3%
B)1.2%
C)3.6%
D)4.5%
E)6.1%

Question 38

What percentage of the food products currently on U.S.supermarket shelves contains some form of genetically engineered food or ingredients?

A)60%
B)70%
C)80%
D)90%
E)100%

Question 39

If China needed to import only 20% of the grain it needs, it would take up how much of the grain exported by all the countries of the world?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
E)50%

Question 40

When the productive potential of soil, especially on arid or semiarid land, falls by 10% or more because of prolonged drought and human activities, it is called

A)salinization
B)desertification
C)soil erosion
D)overgrazing
E)waterlogging

Question 41

In 2009, rising food prices and a sharp drop in international food aid resulting in more than 1 billion people being hungry and malnourished.

Question 42

In the United States, how much of the original topsoil is gone?

A)50%
B)33%
C)25%
D)15%
E)10%

Question 43

Modern synthetic pesticides have several disadvantages including all of the following, except

A)increase profits for farmers
B)increase development of genetic resistance to pesticides
C)can harm wildlife
D)can kill natural predators and parasites of the pest
E)can move around the environment

Question 44

Compared to the traditional tillage, conservation tillage

A)reduces fuel and tillage costs
B)accelerates water loss from the soil
C)causes soil compaction
D)requires increased use of herbicides
E)reduces the amount of carbon stored in the ground

Question 45

Today we produce more than enough food to meet the basic nutritional needs of every person on the earth.

Question 46

One of the most important characteristics of a pesticide is how long it will stay deadly in the environment, a characteristic called

A)lethal dose
B)history
C)usefulness
D)impact
E)persistence

Question 47

The best way to maintain soil fertility is through

A)applying animal manure
B)applying commercial inorganic fertilizer
C)applying organic fertilizer
D)soil conservation
E)using low till planting

Question 48

The world's population increase between now and 2050 will likely be 8 times the current U.S.population.

Question 49

Americans waste what percentage of their food?

A)10-20%
B)25-35%
C)35-45%
D)45-55%
E)65+%

Question 50

Most of the children who suffer from undernutrition are in the developed countries.

Question 51

All of the following are disadvantages to raising animals in feedlots, except

A)Antibiotic use can increase antibiotic resistance in microbes.
B)Less land use.
C)Requires large input of fish meal and water.
D)Needs large amounts of water.
E)Produces large amounts of animal wastes.

Question 52

All of the following are alternatives to using pesticides, except

A)rotating crops planted in a field each year
B)provide homes for pest enemies
C)use sex attractants to lure pests into traps
D)bring in natural enemies
E)freeze the pests

Question 53

What percentage of all antibiotics used in the United States are added to animal feed?

A)15%
B)25%
C)40%
D)50%
E)70%

Question 54

India once planted 30,000 varieties of rice; now most of the rice comes from how many varieties?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)10
E)25

Question 55

In alley cropping

A)Crops are planted in strips between trees and shrubs.
B)Terraces are built to prevent swift water runoff.
C)Crops are planted across slopes.
D)Special tillers are used so the topsoil is not disturbed.
E)A row crop alternates in strips with another row crop.

Question 56

Four of the following are advantages of using aquaculture to produce fish; one is a disadvantage.Choose the disadvantage.

A)high yield in small volume of water
B)reduces overharvesting of fisheries
C)uses grain for feed for some species
D)low fuel use
E)high profits

Question 57

Organic farming is more labor intensive than traditional farming and therefore costs more.

Question 58

The advantages of modern synthetic pesticides include all of the following, except

A)increase food supplies
B)save human lives
C)increase profits for farmers
D)work slowly
E)low health risks if used properly

Question 59

UNICEF suggests that as many as two-thirds of nutrition-related childhood deaths could be prevented, at an average annual cost of $5─10 per child, using all of the following except

A)immunizing against childhood diseases
B)encouraging bottle feeding
C)preventing blindness by giving children a vitamin A capsule twice a year
D)providing family planning services so mothers space children by two years
E)increasing education for women

Question 60

The United States leads the world in the amount of its cropland dedicated to growing organic food.

Question 61

Agriculture is just behind the housing industry in total annual sales.

Question 62

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have genes from organisms with which they can not breed in nature.

Question 63

Hundreds of thousands of children under six years of age go blind each year because of a lack of iron.

Question 64

The only form of agriculture that is sustainable in the long run is industrialized agriculture.

Question 65

Unless the overexploitation of ocean fisheries is reduced, most of the world's major ocean fisheries could collapse sometime during this century.

Question 66

Slash and burn polyculture may be a sustainable alternative to traditional monoculture agriculture.

Question 67

Canada has the highest overnutrition rate in the world.

Question 68

Industrialized agriculture is often associated with a single crop, called monoculture agriculture.

Question 69

Since 1960 there has been only a slight increase in global food production from all systems.

Question 70

Projected climate is expected to greatly increase severe and prolonged drought, and expand desertification in this century.

Question 71

Six million children, under the age of 5, die each year from normally nonfatal diseases because of their weakened condition.

Question 72

The amount Americans spend each year to lose weight is twice what the world needs to end undernutrition and malnutrition.

Question 73

Americans spend more of their household income on food than they did in 1966.

Question 74

The green revolution continues to increase the amount of available food, meeting the needs of the increasing human population for the foreseeable future.

Question 75

Large scale, industrialized fishing fleets use 12.5 times more energy catching fish than the fish provide to the people who eat them.

Question 76

Twenty six million children suffer irreversible brain damage each year because of a lack of iodine in their diet.

Question 77

Wind is the largest cause of soil erosion.

Question 78

Accumulation of salts as a result of continual irrigation is called waterlogging.

Question 79

Genetically modified food does not have to be labeled.

Question 80

Just 1 centimeter of topsoil (0.4 inch) can take a century to form.