Deck 14: The Gathering Tempest, 1853-1860

Question 1

Most immigrants before 1830 were

A)Irish, Catholic, and unskilled laborers.
B)British, Protestant, and skilled workers.
C)German, Protestant, and unskilled laborers.
D)Italian, Catholic, and skilled workers.
E)Russian, Jewish, and unskilled workers.

Answer 1

British, Protestant, and skilled workers.

Question 2

One of the problems of the southern economy on the eve of the Civil War was

A)lack of productivity in the agricultural sector.
B)over-reliance on industrial growth.
C)a developing commercial attitude.
D)the decline of the cotton industry.
E)a lack of diversification

Answer 2

a lack of diversification

Question 3

Most northerners left the Know-Nothings and became Republicans because of

A)the slavery issue.
B)the immigration issue.
C)the temperance issue.
D)economic concerns.
E)concern for public education.

Answer 3

the slavery issue.

Question 4

Who of the following would have argued that "freedom is not possible without slavery"?

A)Stephen Douglas
B)John C. Calhoun
C)James Buchanan
D)Henry Clay
E)Nathaniel Hawthorne

Question 5

One feature of industry pioneered by the United States was

A)production of prestige products by skilled artisans.
B)mass production of interchangeable parts.
C)production of railroads and locomotives.
D)arms and ammunition.
E)a unionized labor force.

Question 6

The final act that destroyed the Whigs as a national political party was the

A)passage of the Missouri Compromise.
B)passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
C)passage of the Compromise of 1850.
D)passage of the Lecompton Constitution.
E)the Fugitive Slave Act.

Question 7

In the Kansas territorial election of 1855,

A)approximately five thousand Missourians illegally voted.
B)a free-soil legislature was elected.
C)women were allowed to vote.
D)slavery was abolished in the area.
E)blacks were allowed to vote.

Question 8

The winner of the 1856 presidential election was

A)Millard Fillmore.
B)James Buchanan.
C)Stephen Douglas.
D)Franklin Pierce.
E)Abraham Lincoln.

Question 9

The central issue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 was

A)the transcontinental railroad.
B)secession.
C)slavery.
D)states' rights.
E)westward expansion.

Question 10

The Dred Scott decision of the U.S. Supreme Court involved a slave who

A)had been taken to live in Kansas.
B)was suing for his freedom because his master had taken him into free territory.
C)sued for his wife's freedom on the grounds that she had been married to a free black.
D)had been freed by his master and who challenged the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
E)wished to exercise his right to vote.

Question 11

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

A)divided the Nebraska Territory into two territories.
B)repealed the Missouri Compromise.
C)represented the interests of the southern faction of the Democratic Party.
D)was supported by Stephen Douglas.
E)all of these choices

Question 12

The person who led a group of so-called "border ruffians" to Kansas to vote for a pro-slavery government there was

A)Stephen Douglas.
B)David Atchison.
C)Franklin B. Pierce.
D)Jefferson Davis.
E)Abraham Lincoln.

Question 13

The great enemy of a free-labor society was

A)commerce.
B)slavery.
C)agriculture.
D)merchants.
E)the government.

Question 14

The subject of Charles Sumner's speech that led to his beating on the floor of Congress was

A)the hanging of John Brown.
B)the Dred Scott Decision.
C)the Compromise of 1850
D)the Fugitive Slave Act
E)"Bleeding Kansas."

Question 15

At the core of free-labor ideology was the belief that

A)social mobility awaited those industrious laborers who worked hard and efficiently.
B)laborers who worked for free earned merits and future promotion from employers.
C)independent yeoman farmers formed the backbone of society.
D)commerce bred greed and selfishness and should be avoided.
E)all industries should be publicly owned.

Question 16

____ asserted that southern slaves enjoyed a higher standard of living than northern laborers.

A)Hinton R. Helper
B)George Fitzhugh
C)William Seward
D)James D. B. De Bow
E)James Buchanan

Question 17

Members of the Know-Nothing Party were all of the following except

A)American-born Protestants.
B)middle-aged and elderly professional men.
C)supporters of the temperance movement.
D)advocates of legislation increasing the naturalization period.
E)pledged to maintain secrecy about their order.

Question 18

Most immigrants in the 1850s joined the

A)Know-Nothing Party.
B)Republican Party.
C)Liberty Party.
D)Democratic Party.
E)Socialist Party.

Question 19

The violence in "Bleeding Kansas" involved clashes between

A)white settlers and American Indians.
B)blacks and whites.
C)proslavery and antislavery groups.
D)residents of Nebraska who invaded Kansas and the settlers there.
E)Mexican invaders and the settlers of Kansas.

Question 20

The result of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was

A)northern anger at his actions.
B)northern abandonment of the Republican Party.
C)slave unrest in the South.
D)dramatic growth for the northern Democratic Party.
E)outrage and fear throughout the South.

Question 21

The most important social distinction in the south was

A)gender.
B)class.
C)race.
D)religion.
E)political affiliation.

Question 22

In the "Freeport Doctrine,"

A)the Supreme Court ruled that residence in Freeport, Illinois, did not automatically free runaways.
B)Stephen Douglas suggested that the territories could maintain popular sovereignty by refusing to protect slavery there.
C)Abraham Lincoln agreed that there was no means of preventing the extension of slavery.
D)Stephen Douglas insisted that slavery was legal in all the free states and territories.
E)slaves who escaped to the North were declared free.

Question 23

The leading advocate for southern economic diversification was James D. B. De Bow.

Question 24

By 1855, cotton provided more than ____ of total U.S. exports.

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds
E)one-tenth

Question 25

With regard to the Kansas issue, President Franklin Pierce

A)endorsed John Brown's abolitionist campaign.
B)recognized the antislavery legislature.
C)recognized the proslavery legislature.
D)refused to get involved in the conflict.
E)asked Kansas to secede from the Union.

Question 26

As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,

A)the state of Illinois passed legislation making slavery a punishment for crime.
B)Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the U.S. Senate.
C)Abraham Lincoln was almost kicked out of the Republican Party.
D)both Lincoln and Douglas were defeated by Know-Nothing candidate Nathaniel Banks.
E)the Kansas-Nebraska Act was repealed.

Question 27

The southern economy was "colonial" in that

A)foreign investors owned over 50 percent of the land in the South.
B)southern financial institutions loaned money to European colonial powers.
C)it depended upon exportation of agricultural goods and importation of manufactured products.
D)it employed slaves.
E)it exported no products.

Question 28

Advocates of the free labor ideology viewed labor strikes as

A)dangerous, subversive plots.
B)unfortunate misunderstandings that could be solved by prayer.
C)evidence of the increased influence of foreign immigrants.
D)justification for forming a new political party.
E)positive events that helped free workers improve their working conditions.

Question 29

Which of the following was not among the nation's four leading industries measured by value added in manufacturing by 1860?

A)cotton textiles
B)floor milling
C)lumber products
D)boots and shoes
E)iron and steel

Question 30

The 3 million immigrants that entered the United States in the decade after 1845 represented ____ percent of the total America population in 1845.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)50

Question 31

John Brown was noted for all of the following except

A)killing unarmed proslavery farmers in the civil war in "Bleeding Kansas."
B)attempting to incite a slave rebellion in Virginia.
C)coining the phrase "the irrepressible conflict" to explain the coming of the Civil War.
D)dying as a "martyr to freedom."
E)attacking Harpers Ferry.

Question 32

Most former northern members of the American Party became

A)dropped out of politics.
B)Democrats.
C)Whigs.
D)Free Soilers.
E)Republicans.

Question 33

The value of American exports and imports increased by ____ percent between 1844 and 1856.

A)50
B)100
C)200
D)300
E)500

Question 34

How many Supreme Court Justices voted in favor of Dred Scott?

A)0
B)1
C)2.
D)3
E)4

Question 35

In The Impending Crisis of the South, Hinton Rowan Helper

A)described southern society as bustling, prosperous, and progressive.
B)blamed South Carolina for the violence in "Bleeding Kansas."
C)said that slavery caused economic retardation, illiteracy, and poverty in the South.
D)defended the states' rights position on secession.
E)insisted that slavery must expand to al of the territories.

Question 36

After serving four terms in the Illinois legislature and one term in Congress, Abraham Lincoln was propelled back into politics by the shock of

A)the Kansas-Nebraska bill
B)the Dred Scott decision.
C)John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry.
D)Bleeding Kansas.
E)the Fugitive Slave Law.

Question 37

The Panic of 1857

A)caused bloody riots in which dozens of people were killed.
B)increased hostility between northerners and southerners who disagreed over the tariff issue.
C)lasted longer than any other nineteenth-century depression.
D)caused millions of workers to join labor unions.
E)all of these choices

Question 38

The most important crop in the south was

A)indigo
B)tobacco.
C)rice
D)wheat
E)cotton

Question 39

Organization of the Nebraska territory was necessary in order to

A)expand slavery in the West.
B)stop the Republican Party.
C)establish reservations for Native Americans.
D)get Lincoln elected President.
E)build a railroad across the area.

Question 40

Members of the Order, which eventually evolved into the Know-Nothings, supported all of the following except

A)temperance.
B)restricting public office to native born men.
C)lengthening the naturalization period before immigrants could become citizens.
D)keeping their Order secret.
E)tax support for parochial schools.

Question 41

The Panic of 1857 stemmed entirely from domestic causes.

Question 42

On average, wages and opportunities for workers were greater in the North than anywhere else.

Question 43

In the Dred Scott decision, Chief Justice Roger Taney said that the lower court should not have accepted the case since blacks are not citizens of the United States.

Question 44

Abraham Lincoln believed that slavery and freedom were incompatible.

Question 45

Franklin Pierce was president during the debate over the Kansas-Nebraska bill.

Question 46

The Panic of 1857 virtually destroyed the southern cotton economy.

Question 47

The first year that the Republican Party ran a presidential candidate was 1854.

Question 48

The Impending Crisis of the South exaggerated the disaffection of most non-slaveholders in the South.

Question 49

Immigrants did not seem very interested in politics. Many of the abolitionists advocated depriving white immigrants and Catholics of equal rights.

Question 50

George Fitzhugh's book Cannibals All reinforced what Helper had written in The Impending Crisis.

Question 51

Jefferson Davis led an effort to pass a federal law allowing slavery in all territories.

Question 52

The Know-Nothing Party was so named because its members were ignorant and uneducated.

Question 53

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry lasted for thee days.

Question 54

Most of the foreign-born voters in the 1830s and 1840s joined the Democratic Party.

Question 55

Abraham Lincoln saw the prevention of the expansion of slavery into the territories as the first step to its eventual extinction.

Question 56

Application of popular sovereignty to the Nebraska Territory was the brainchild of Stephen A. Douglas.

Question 57

It was David R. Atchison who insisted that the Missouri Compromise had to be explicitly repealed in order for the South to accept the organization of the Nebraska Territory.

Question 58

The debates over the Kansas-Nebraska Act destroyed the Whig Party.

Question 59

The Kansas-Nebraska bill passed easily in the House of Representatives.

Question 60

Many southerners read The Impending Crisis of the South.

Question 61

The Lecompton debate seriously split the Democratic Party.

Question 62

The South did not share in the economy's rapid growth following recovery from the depression of 1837-1843.

Question 63

Southern Whigs felt betrayed by Zachary Taylor on the issue of California's status.

Question 64

By the late 1850s, the United States was the second-leading industrial producer in the world.

Question 65

Southerners had a larger percentage of their capital invested in lands and slaves in 1860 than they had had ten years earlier.

Question 66

The gap between the rich and poor was larger in the north than in the south.

Question 67

No southern justices supported the Dred Scott decision.

Question 68

The Republicans were the first truly sectional party in American history.

Question 69

When two competing legislatures emerged in Kansas, the House of Representatives recognized the one that supported slavery.

Question 70

Most railroad construction was in the south.

Question 71

The widespread use of the sewing machine in the 1850s made life easier for seamstresses.

Question 72

The Supreme Court chief justice who ruled against Scott in the Dred Scott case was ____________________.

Question 73

Four million immigrants came to the United States between 1845 and 1860.

Question 74

The Dred Scott decision finally settled the slavery question.

Question 75

The first Republican presidential candidate (1856) was ____________________.

Question 76

The Republican Party advocated racial equality in the election of 1856.

Question 77

The cover of De Bow's Review proclaimed that "Cotton is King."

Question 78

The elections of 1854 were disastrous for northern Democrats.

Question 79

George Fitzhugh supported the free-market capitalist system.

Question 80

Economic diversification made no headway in the South during the 1850s.