Deck 17: Reconstruction, 1863-1877

Question 1

The main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

A)oversee relations between former masters and slaves.
B)implement the process of land redistribution.
C)deny access to legal redress for white southerners.
D)punish former slave holders.
E)get the Fourteenth Amendment passed.

Answer 1

oversee relations between former masters and slaves.

Question 2

In regard to civil rights, the Fourteenth Amendment

A)greatly expanded the federal government's powers and limited the authority of state governments.
B)extended citizenship to Native Americans (Indians).
C)reduced constitutional protection of minority rights.
D)limited the power of the federal government and expanded the authority of state governments.
E)gave blacks the right to vote.

Answer 2

greatly expanded the federal government's powers and limited the authority of state governments.

Question 3

The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to

A)destroy the Republican Party in the South.
B)deny freedmen equal protection under the law.
C)return black Americans to slavery.
D)dismantle the Democratic Party.
E)take the South out of the Union.

Answer 3

destroy the Republican Party in the South.

Question 4

The 1871 Treaty of Washington

A)resolved border disputes between the United States and Canada.
B)was a diplomatic solution to the unsuccessful attempt to annex Santo Domingo.
C)settled U.S. claims against Britain for destruction of American shipping.
D)resolved differences between the Confederacy and the Union.
E)secured title to western lands from Native Americans.

Question 5

The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was

A)because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was president.
B)the first time a president was forced to resign.
C)in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstruction.
D)because of his failure to appoint a vice president.
E)because of his affair with an office worker.

Question 6

One of the major political scandals of the Grant presidency involved

A)the Compromise of 1877.
B)the black codes.
C)the Central Pacific Railroad.
D)the Specie Resumption Act.
E)Credit Mobilier.

Question 7

Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as

A)traitors to their home region.
B)noble and idealistic "modernizers" to the region's social structure.
C)agents of an army of occupation.
D)incorruptible in political affairs.
E)supporters of white supremacy.

Question 8

The election of 1866 revealed

A)strong support for Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans.
B)the emergence of white "backlash" in the South.
C)the increasing popularity of the Republican Party among southern whites.
D)the increasing popularity of the Democratic Party.
E)the belief among Republicans that much more needed to be done to reconstruct the South.

Question 9

By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly

A)supportive of the government's efforts to restructure the South.
B)convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governments.
C)weary of the turmoil of southern politics.
D)weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the South.
E)supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the South.

Question 10

Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor system?

A)Black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slavery.
B)The new system of sharecropping evolved.
C)Foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborers.
D)Most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters.
E)The economy quickly recovered from the ravages of war.

Question 11

Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?

A)removal of federal troops from southern states
B)appointment of a southern vice president
C)federal aid for a southern railroad
D)federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed levees.
E)appointment of a southern postmaster general.

Question 12

The idea of redistributing plantation land to freedmen was tried first by

A)Jefferson Davis.
B)Benjamin Wade.
C)William T. Sherman.
D)Andrew Johnson.
E)Abraham Lincoln

Question 13

The purpose of the "black codes" was to

A)restricte emigration of freedmen to the North.
B)provide political and social opportunities unknown under slavery.
C)reduce freedmen to a condition close to slavery.
D)encourage black  migration to the North.
E)prevente blacks from migrating to the West.

Question 14

Scalawags were

A)northerners who attempted to finance economic enterprises in the postwar South.
B)southern blacks attempting to exert their newly acquired political power.
C)white, southern-born Republicans.
D)white southerners who opposed reconstruction policies.
E)criminals who stole public funds during Reconstruction.

Question 15

The Tenure of Office Act

A)angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two years.
B)stated that a president could only hold office while in good standing.
C)required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet member.
D)was designed to implement the spoils system.
E)limited the president to two terms in office.

Question 16

All of the following were part of the Fourteenth Amendment except it

A)gave all citizens equal protection of the law.
B)funded the Confederate war debt.
C)created a constitutional definition of citizenship.
D)gave Congress broad powers to enforce the amendment.
E)provided for equal protection under the law.

Question 17

Ulysses S. Grant depended on this group for his presidential victory in 1868.

A)northern Democrats
B)southern Democrats
C)African Americans
D)National Union Party members
E)immigrants from Europe.

Question 18

Ulysses S. Grant was guilty of

A)standing in the way of congressional Reconstruction.
B)participation in the "Whiskey Ring."
C)unwise appointments of public officials.
D)lying to Congress.
E)treason.

Question 19

The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following except

A)intimidate black voters.
B)force all southern whites to join the Democratic Party.
C)end Republican rule in the South.
D)return confiscated land to former owners.
E)use economic coercion to control election outcomes.

Question 20

____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans and the Democratic Party in the election of 1872.

A)Horatio Seymour
B)Samuel B. Tilden
C)Ulysses S. Grant
D)Horace Greeley
E)Rutherford Hayes.

Question 21

The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following except

A)define blacks as American citizens.
B)grant equal protection of the laws.
C)guarantee the Confederate debt.
D)disqualify a significant number of ex-Confederates from holding federal or state office.
E)grant due process under the law.

Question 22

Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following except

A)border state Unionists.
B)freedmen.
C)Democrats.
D)conservative Republicans.
E)white supremacists

Question 23

The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was

A)housing.
B)lynching.
C)segregation.
D)civil rights.
E)voting.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of black political activity during Reconstruction?

A)Most black voters were illiterate ex-slaves.
B)More than 50 percent of high state and federal offices were held by blacks.
C)Prominent black leaders were educated and most had been free prior to the Civil War.
D)A majority of black voters were members of the Republican Party.
E)Blacks served in both the US House of Representatives and the Senate.

Question 25

The dramatic rise in political corruption in the post-Civil War era was triggered by​

A)​the expansion of government contracts and bureaucracy that created new opportunities for abuse.
B)​relaxed standards and rules after years of wartime hardship.
C)​rapid postwar economic growth.
D)​the emergence of get-rich-quick schemes.
E)​all of these choices.

Question 26

The new state constitutions adopted by southern states in 1867 and 1868​

A)​were among the most progressive in the nation.
B)​passed by delegates who were predominantly Republican.​
C)​included universal male suffrage.​
D)​required statewide public schools for both races.​
E)​all of these choices.

Question 27

The majority of southern Republican voters were

A)wealthy planters.
B)poor whites.
C)blacks.
D)women.
E)Native Americans

Question 28

The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to

A)prevent blacks from voting.
B)revive slavery.
C)kill blacks.
D)destroy the Republican Party.
E)force the withdrawal of federal troop from the South.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?

A)The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.
B)All the Republican senators voted for conviction.
C)A three-fourths majority in both Houses was required to remove Johnson from office.
D)The vote against him was unanimous.
E)Johnson voluntarily resigned before he could be removed.

Question 30

The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and

A)Georgia.
B)Louisiana.
C)South Carolina.
D)Virginia.
E)Texas

Question 31

At the height of Reconstruction, blacks held ____ percent of public offices.

A)15-20
B)25-30
C)35-40
D)45-50
E)90-95

Question 32

Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following except

A)empower the president to send in federal troops to suppress armed resistance to federal law.
B)declare that any attempt to deprive another person of civil or political rights became a felony.
C)classify interference with voting rights a federal offense.
D)authorize martial law to guarantee racial harmony.
E)give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.

Question 33

The term "bayonet rule" refers to

A)the use of threats and intimidation to prevent blacks from voting.
B)a requirement that all U.S. Army officers carry a bayonet while on guard duty.
C)the use of federal troops to support Republican state governments and black rights in the South.
D)civil rights leaders' call for mass arrests of Ku Klux Klan members.
E)the methods used by white southerners to regain control of their state governments.

Question 34

The Compromise of 1877 signified

A)a renewal of federal support for the civil rights of all Americans.
B)the end of Reconstruction.
C)the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.
D)the decline of Democratic Party control of Congress.
E)the end of the spoils system.

Question 35

Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of

A)honesty and integrity of both state and federal officeholders.
B)military efficiency and discipline in the executive branch of the government.
C)mutual understanding between North and South, Democrats and Republicans, whites and blacks.
D)renewal of civil war.
E)scandal and corruption at all levels of government.

Question 36

Almost all of the blacks elected to the United States House and Senate during Reconstruction

A)were illiterate.
B)had attended secondary school.
C)were college graduates.
D)were Democrats.
E)had fought for the Confederacy.

Question 37

In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S. Supreme Court

A)strengthened the authority of federal officials in prosecuting individuals who violated the civil rights of blacks.
B)declared the military occupation of the South unconstitutional.
C)banned racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations.
D)ordered the desegregation of public schools in the South.
E)declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.

Question 38

The ones pushing for more reforms in the South in favor of African Americans were the

A)Radical Republicans.
B)Victory Party.
C)Southern Democrats.
D)Peace Party.
E)Whigs.

Question 39

Newly enfranchised freedmen learned about their rights and responsibilities as voters​

A)​from former masters.
B)​black churches.
C)​from black politicians.
D)​by reading voting guides.
E)​All of these choices.

Question 40

Grant is generally considered

A)a failure as president.
B)an unsuccessful general.
C)a president with an unblemished record.
D)a very active president.
E)our smartest president.

Question 41

Samuel Tilden was probably the real victor in the disputed election of 1876.

Question 42

Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of 1876 hurt Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes.

Question 43

The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the following?

A)Mississippi
B)Alabama
C)Louisiana
D)Arkansas
E)Texas

Question 44

Under the U.S. Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official from office.

Question 45

Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.

Question 46

Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks the right to vote.

Question 47

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gave states the option of enfranchising black males or losing seats in Congress.

Question 48

The Ku Klux Klan was created by former Confederate soldiers.

Question 49

The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory under military command.

Question 50

Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be "readmitted" to the union.

Question 51

In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant

A)sent in federal troops.
B)withdrew troops from the South.
C)decided not to run for a third term.
D)encouraged the southern states to create their own militia units.
E)organized black militia units.

Question 52

The chief target of civil service reform was the spoils system.

Question 53

One of Grant's major problems as president was that he put too much trust in people under him.

Question 54

Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states during Reconstruction.

Question 55

The Panic of 1873 was primarily caused by which industry?

A)mining
B)railroad
C)steel
D)textile
E)cotton

Question 56

The Fourteenth Amendment encouraged southern states to enfranchise blacks but did not force them to do so.

Question 57

The Wade-Davis Bill granted the franchise to black Americans.

Question 58

White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it was inefficient.

Question 59

Carpetbaggers were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.

Question 60

Which of the following is a true statement about the 1875 civil rights law that the Supreme Court struck down in its 1883 ruling in Civil Rights cases?​

A)​It banned marriage between blacks and whites.
B)​It overly restricted voting rights.
C)​Its ban on discrimination on public transportation was overly broad.
D)​The congressmen who supported the law were confident it was constitutional and found the court's ruling surprising.
E)​The law was widely enforced when the ruling came down.

Question 61

Abraham Lincoln never encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black countries like Haiti.

Question 62

During the 1866 congressional election campaign, Republicans made clear that any ex-Confederate state that ratified the Fourteenth Amendment would be considered "reconstructed" and that its representatives and senators would be seated in Congress.

Question 63

Moderate Republicans believed that black men should participate to some degree in the reconstruction process.

Question 64

Andrew Johnson privately characterized his meeting with Frederick Douglass in hateful and racist language.

Question 65

People in the North regarded the Fifteenth Amendment as resolving the last of the great issues of the war.

Question 66

The "Southern Question" was the most intractable issue during Grant's two administrations.

Question 67

Radical Republicans in Congress initially believed that Andrew Johnson would support their program.

Question 68

Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.

Question 69

The new southern state constitutions written during the winter and spring of 1867-68 were among the most progressive in the nation.

Question 70

The Fourteenth Amendment dealt only with awarding the franchise to African Americans.

Question 71

Politicians at all levels universally embraced civil service reform.

Question 72

By September 1867, blacks registered to vote outnumbered whites in the ten states covered by Reconstruction.

Question 73

In 1883, the Supreme Court declared a civil rights law passed in 1875 as unconstitutional.

Question 74

The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.

Question 75

Some black farmers were able to buy small plots of land.

Question 76

Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 77

Abolitionist and missionary groups sent teachers into the Union-occupied South to educate freed slaves during the Civil War.

Question 78

The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.

Question 79

Andrew Johnson got along well with Congress.

Question 80

Without black enfranchisement, Ulysses S. Grant would have had a minority of the popular vote in 1868.