Deck 19: The Rise of Corporate America, 1865-1914

Question 1

The Interstate Commerce Act outlawed

A)unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads.
B)outlawed the restraint of trade between states.
C)attempted to control business trusts.
D)extended subsidies to railroads.
E)none of these choices

Answer 1

unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads.

Question 2

The strike at the Homestead plant in Pennsylvania is famous for

A)the assassination of Henry Frick.
B)federal government's criticism of Andrew Carnegie.
C)armed resistance by striking steel workers.
D)intercession by the president on behalf of the strikers.
E)arrest of Eugene Debs.

Answer 2

armed resistance by striking steel workers.

Question 3

Andrew Carnegie created a monopoly in the ____ industry.

A)oil
B)steel
C)railroad
D)textile
E)coal

Answer 3

steel

Question 4

Who was the author of the utopian romance Looking Backward?

A)Henry George
B)Harriet Beecher Stowe
C)Mark Twain
D)Edward Bellamy
E)Upton Sinclair

Question 5

The Farmers' Alliance advocated

A)importation of Asians to provide cheap farm labor.
B)cooperatives to eliminate middlemen and to maximize farmers' profits.
C)federal production and price controls.
D)limitations on the number of women and children employed as farm workers.
E)re-establishing slavery.

Question 6

The Haymarket affair is associated with the ____ corporation.

A)Armour Meats.
B)Southern Pacific.
C)Pullman.
D)U. S. Steel
E)McCormick

Question 7

During the nineteenth century, the Sherman Antitrust Act

A)successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the United States.
B)was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
C)was never used at all.
D)was used by big business to break up unions and strikes.
E)failed to pass either house of congress.

Question 8

In the late nineteenth century, the railroads

A)employed more workers than any other industry.
B)established the four standard time zones still used in the United States today.
C)were the major means of transporting people and products across the country.
D)employed unfair pricing practices.
E)all of these choices

Question 9

Which union was hurt irrevocably by the Haymarket Square protest?

A)Congress of Industrial Organizations
B)National Labor Union
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)American Federation of Labor
E)Knights of Labor

Question 10

Knights of Labor idealistically envisioned a future in which

A)workers would retire at the age of 60.
B)women would get equal pay for equal work.
C)most industrial workers would buy land and return to the farm.
D)all workers would belong to craft unions.
E)workers' cooperatives would own and manage the means of production.

Question 11

The goal of Coxey's Army in its descent on Washington D.C. was to​

A)unite the various labor groups into one massive movement.
B)stage a militia raid on the federal government.
C)protest the rise of robber barons and their vast economic power.
D)press the federal government to put these unemployed men to work.
E)None of these choices.

Question 12

The railroad strike of 1877

A)was a major victory for the union workers.
B)led many cities to construct armories.
C)saw the middle class side with railroad workers.
D)was settled peacefully.
E)has remained the worst labor violence in American history.

Question 13

In the late 1890s, farmers experienced

A)a new era of prosperity.
B)the adoption of the silver standard.
C)a steady drop in prices that lasted until World War I
D)an increase in the deflation trend.
E)success in seeing "one of their own" elected president.

Question 14

The single largest employer of this time period was which of the following?

A)railroads
B)factories
C)commercial farmers
D)federal government
E)state government

Question 15

The winner of the 1896 presidential election was

A)William McKinley.
B)William Jennings Bryan.
C)Theodore Roosevelt.
D)Mark Hanna.
E)Benjamin Harrison.

Question 16

The head of the American Railway Union involved in the Pullman strike was

A)William Bryan.
B)Terence Powderly.
C)Eugene Debs.
D)James Blaine.
E)James Duke.

Question 17

The Knights of Labor parted from normal labor organization because they

A)were organized by industry rather than by craft.
B)were organized by craft rather than by industry.
C)admitted only skilled labor.
D)were relatively unorganized.
E)sought only higher wages and better working conditions.

Question 18

In the landmark decision of Munn v. Illinois (1877), the Supreme Court

A)declared state railroad regulations unconstitutional.
B)upheld the right of states to regulate public businesses including railroads.
C)established federal guidelines for agricultural production.
D)outlawed segregation in companies engaged in interstate commerce.
E)outlawed child labor.

Question 19

In response to post-Civil War rapid industrialization and its accompanying loss of independence, in 1866 skilled artisans formed​

A)Cigar Makers Union.
B)National Labor Union.
C)Knights of Labor.
D)United Mine Workers Union.
E)American Federation of Labor

Question 20

The issue that caused the Populist Party to be absorbed by the Democratic Party was

A)income tax.
B)the coinage of silver.
C)government control of railroads.
D)direct election of senators.
E)women's suffrage.

Question 21

All of the following women wrote about middle class women's growing discontentment with domesticity except 

A)Louisa May Alcott​
B)Charlotte Perkins Gilman
C)Elizabeth Stuart Phelps​
D)Frances Willard
E)None of these choices​

Question 22

The financier who triggered a crash of the New York Stock Exchange that, in turn, sparked the Panic of 1873 was​

A)J.P. Morgan.
B)John D. Rockefeller.
C)Jay Cooke.
D)Henry George.
E)Edward Bellamy.​

Question 23

All of the following were technological advances for railroads except the

A)move from iron to steel tracks.
B)adoption of knuckle couplers
C)use of automatic signals.
D)introduction of air brakes.
E)switch from the open-hearth to the Bessemer process in steel mills.

Question 24

The "gospel of wealth"

A)encouraged rich people to use their excess profits for the benefit of society.
B)was rejected by most Protestant denominations.
C)was a philosophy created by J. P. Morgan.
D)led to the first federal welfare program in U.S. history.
E)led to higher income taxes on the rich.

Question 25

In comparison to other industrial nations, by 1890 the United States was

A)just entering the industrial revolution phase of development.
B)less productive than the three major powers.
C)the world leader in manufacturing output.
D)still basically an agricultural society.
E)unable to compete because of high labor costs.

Question 26

During the Gilded Age, railroad pricing practices meant that

A)farmers were often forced to pay higher prices.
B)Standard Oil paid the highest prices.
C)prices were highest in urban areas.
D)no railroads were built into farm areas.
E)prices were fair for everyone.

Question 27

Which of the following events occurred first?

A)founding of Knights of Labor
B)Haymarket Square incident
C)founding of American Federation of Labor
D)Homestead strike
E)Depression of 1893

Question 28

The long-time president of the American Federation of Labor was

A)Samuel Gompers.
B)"Big Bill" Haywood.
C)John L. Lewis.
D)Eugene Debs.
E)Mark Hanna.

Question 29

William Jennings Bryan is noted for

A)winning the popular vote for President in 1896 but losing the electoral vote.
B)serving as legal counsel for the American Railway Union in the Pullman strike.
C)switching from the Democratic to the Republican Party after the election of 1890.
D)serving beer and wine at campaign meetings.
E)expressing the views of the farmers and laborers in his "cross of gold" speech.

Question 30

Ironically, labor was prevented from organizing because of the government's use of the

A)Interstate Commerce clause.
B)Jim Crow laws.
C)Sherman Antitrust Act.
D)Voting Rights Act.
E)Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 31

Which of the following men was associated with Standard Oil?

A)J.P. Morgan
B)James Duke
C)Andrew Carnegie
D)William Jennings Bryan
E)John D. Rockefeller

Question 32

In 1901, J. P. Morgan handled the huge industrial merger that formed the

A)Standard Oil Company.
B)Northern Pacific Railroad.
C)American Tobacco Company.
D)Pullman Company.
E)U.S. Steel Corporation.

Question 33

In which year did the United States become the world's greatest industrial power?

A)1890
B)1870
C)1940
D)1900
E)1865

Question 34

Corporate consolidations or mergers were prompted primarily by a desire to

A)encourage competition.
B)regulate expansion and insulate corporations from fluctuations in the economic cycle.
C)stimulate rate wars within the major markets.
D)reduce the role of investment bankers in the economy.
E)encourage government regulation of industry.

Question 35

The Pullman strike (1894) was significant because

A)President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops to break the strike.
B)the U.S. attorney general used a federal injunction against the railroads.
C)the Pullman Company compromised with the unions in order to prevent violence.
D)the strike leaders were honored in the national capitol.
E)all of these choices

Question 36

Many Americans began to enjoy all of the following activities except

A)bicycling.
B)outdoor recreation.
C)rock climbing.
D)football.
E)physical fitness exercise.

Question 37

Which of these factors did not contribute to workers' increasing unhappiness and frustration in the late nineteenth century?​

A)the dangerous conditions in factories.
B)lack of government safety regulations.
C)employer demands that they become increasingly skilled.
D)loss of autonomy.
E)mechanization.

Question 38

In Lochner v. New York, the Supreme Court ruling was a victory for the

A)Industrial Workers of the World.
B)all labor unions.
C)bakery employees.
D)anti-union interests.
E)Samuel Gompers.

Question 39

Among southern states, in 1892 Populists garnered more than 20 percent of the vote only in

A)Georgia and Alabama.
B)Texas and Virginia.
C)Mississippi and Georgia.
D)Alabama and Texas.
E)South Carolina and Florida.

Question 40

The leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the largest women's social organization of the late nineteenth century, was​

A)Mary Lease.
B)Frances Willard.
C)Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
D)Jane Croly.
E)Elizabeth Stuart Phelps.

Question 41

Farmers in the decades after the Civil War were frustrated by the problem of deflation.

Question 42

The Great Railway Strike and the Pullman Strike both took place during periods of economic downturns.

Question 43

Jay Cooke opposed risky speculation.

Question 44

Haymarket Square was the site of a pitched battle between strikers at the Carnegie Steel plant and Pinkerton detectives.

Question 45

Andrew Carnegie's efforts to control of all aspects of the steel-making process from mining the ore to delivering the final product was called vertical integration.

Question 46

The radical demands of the Farmers' Alliance had no lasting effect on U.S. policies and society.

Question 47

African American women were not part of the club movement.

Question 48

The worst labor violence of the 1870s occurred during the B&O Railroad strike of 1877.

Question 49

William Jennings Bryan was the first presidential candidate of the Populist Party.

Question 50

The Sherman Antitrust Act dealt a crippling blow to corporate trusts during the 1890s.

Question 51

Class distinctions in the United States widened during the Gilded Age.

Question 52

John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company was the first "trust."

Question 53

The Supreme Court ruled in the 1880s that states could not regulate interstate railroad traffic rates.

Question 54

The U.S. economy grew very rapidly between 1878 and 1893.

Question 55

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 banned pools and railroad rebates to favored shippers.

Question 56

Republicans won the presidency and control of both houses of Congress in 1896.

Question 57

The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain.

Question 58

The Knights of Labor sought equal pay for women.

Question 59

The National Labor Union lasted less than a decade.

Question 60

The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was a Union veteran.

Question 61

William Jennings Bryan endorsed only the idea of free silver in the election of 1896.

Question 62

During the Gilded Age per capita income increased much faster than real wages.

Question 63

In his book, Looking Backward, Edward Bellamy imagined the United States in the year 2000 when social inequality would not exist.

Question 64

It would be accurate to state that rail workers living in the Pullman company town in 1894 had clean, decent and costly housing.

Question 65

The Haymarket Square incident united the country.

Question 66

In the 1920s, few Americans could afford automobiles.

Question 67

Workmen's compensation did not appear in the United States until after World War II.

Question 68

The Haymarket strike sparked a wave of hysteria against so-called labor radicals.  

Question 69

The Grange was formed before the Knights of Labor.

Question 70

The Knights of Labor were unusual in admitting unskilled workers, women, and blacks.

Question 71

American grain production grew at about the same rate as the nation's population from 1870 to 1890.

Question 72

The American Federation of Labor was a loosely affiliated association of unions organized by trade or craft.

Question 73

President Grover Cleveland sent federal troops into the Pullman Strike at the request of Illinois Governor, John Altgeld.

Question 74

During the Homestead strike, public sympathy began with the strikers but shifted against them over time.

Question 75

Advertising images increasingly used vivid colors.

Question 76

Companies looked for scientific ways to manage their companies.

Question 77

The 1896 election was unexciting and attracted little voter interest.

Question 78

The merger movement intensified as the depression lifted.

Question 79

William McKinley won a substantial share of the urban, immigrant, and labor vote in 1896.

Question 80

American Impressionism expressed middle class values.