Deck 27: The Age of Containment, 1946-1953

Question 1

The war in Korea began when the

A)South Korean army moved across the thirty-eighth parallel into North Korea.
B)Chinese army moved across the thirty-eighth parallel into South Korea.
C)North Korean army moved across the thirty-eighth parallel into South Korea.
D)United States landed at Inchon.
E)Soviet Union invaded South Korea.

Answer 1

North Korean army moved across the thirty-eighth parallel into South Korea.

Question 2

Each of the following ran for the presidency in 1948 except

A)Harry Truman.
B)Thomas Dewey.
C)Strom Thurmond.
D)Dwight D. Eisenhower.
E)Henry Wallace.

Answer 2

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Question 3

All of the following are true about the Truman Doctrine except that it

A)argued that the United States must oppose Communist aggression around the world.
B)argued that the United States must allocate money for nations resisting outside subversion.
C)was initially tied to the Greek civil war.
D)was strongly opposed by all members of Congress.
E)called for the U.S. to aid those who were resisting armed minorities from within.

Answer 3

was strongly opposed by all members of Congress.

Question 4

Which of the following was not included in the National Security Act of 1947?

A)It provided the basis for the Department of Defense.
B)It created the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C)It created the National Security Council.
D)It created the Air Force.
E)It created the Central Intelligence Agency.

Question 5

The labor strikes that prevailed at the end of World War II began to subside when

A)Unions were able to negotiate better wages and conditions.
B)President Truman threatened to seize the mines and railroads that had been shut down by strikes.
C)Truman sent in troops to quell a strike in the Midwest.
D)the CIO expelled several of its more radical affiliates.
E)All of these choices.

Question 6

The couple arrested, tried, convicted, and executed (in 1953) for espionage were named

A)Hiss.
B)Chambers.
C)Rosenberg.
D)Ackroyd.
E)Jones.

Question 7

All of the following were part of the "G.I. Bill" except

A)providing veterans with financial assistance for education.
B)mandating that veterans receive favorable terms for securing loans for home purchases.
C)mandating preferential treatment when veterans applied for public-sector jobs.
D)the promise to veterans of a future financial bonus.
E)it eventually provided medical care in veterans' hospitals.

Question 8

In 1949, Mao Zedong forced Jiang Jieshi's forces off mainland China to the offshore island of

A)Korea.
B)Hawaii
C)Tahiti.
D)Indonesia.
E)Formosa.

Question 9

The Fair Deal's healthcare policies

A)were very liberal and well received.
B)were all implemented.
C)were communist in nature.
D)were rejected.
E)were opposed by all Democrats.

Question 10

The National Association of Manufacturers

A)supported the idea of a "Second Bill of Rights."
B)believed that expanded domestic programs would destroy private free-enterprise.
C)supported President Truman.
D)supported bills to expand public housing.
E)advocated stronger environmental laws.

Question 11

The Taft-Hartley Act

A)enacted the highest tariff in U.S. history.
B)negated many union gains from the New Deal years.
C)implemented the first peacetime draft in U.S. history.
D)required strict loyalty oaths from all Americans.
E)imposed the first income tax.

Question 12

The Fair Deal can be viewed as all of the following except

A)a continuation of New Deal policies such as Social Security.
B)an attempt to act on the Democratic Party's promises for national health care.
C)an effort to expand on Truman's desire for "maximum" employment policies.
D)support for farm prices.
E)an effort to silence critics who considered Harry Truman unfit to be president.

Question 13

According to the popular view of the containment policy

A)the U. S. should only involve itself in the international disputes when U.S. territory is attacked.
B)all leftist insurgencies everywhere are controlled by the Russian Communists.
C)the U. S. must keep the public calm by carefully containing potentially frightening information.
D)both Communist and non-Communist nations must be contained within their own borders.
E)the spread of Communism is an indirect threat to the U.S.

Question 14

President Truman's Loyalty Program authorized which of the following measures to root out communism at home?​

A)the establishment of government boards to determine if there were communists in government.​
B)the firing of anyone in a government job who was found to belong to a subversive organization.​
C)creation of a list of political organizations deemed a threat to national security.​
D)None of these choices.​
E)All of these choices.​

Question 15

The 1949 military and political alliance linking Western European nations with the United States was

A)NATO.
B)CENTO.
C)SEATO.
D)the Warsaw Pact.
E)the Marshall Plan.

Question 16

The major goal of the Marshall Plan was to

A)crush the Soviet Union.
B)destroy communist subversion in the United States.
C)build a series of military alliances throughout the world.
D)counter communism by offering economic aid to war-torn European countries.
E)overthrow communist governments in Latin America.

Question 17

National Security Council Document 68 (NSC 68) endorsed which of the following?

A)massive military buildup
B)covert actions
C)enlarged propaganda efforts both inside and outside the United States
D)economic pressure
E)all of these choices

Question 18

In 1951, Harry Truman relieved General ____ of his command in Korea for insubordination.

A)George C. Patton
B)Douglas MacArthur
C)Dwight D. Eisenhower
D)George Marshall
E)Henry Wallace

Question 19

Harry Truman's policy in regard to the Soviet Union was based on his belief that

A)the Russians were honest and could be trusted to negotiate in good faith.
B)the United States should cut off all contact with the U.S.S.R.
C)the United States had to take a firm stand in opposition to Soviet territorial and ideological expansion.
D)the United States should maintain friendly relations with the U.S.S.R. at all costs.
E)his isolationist stance.

Question 20

The Korean War

A)helped Truman implement the broad vision of NSC-68.
B)allowed Truman to increase income taxes.
C)was the first time since World War II that atomic bombs were used in warfare.
D)had little impact on America or its foreign policy decisions.
E)aided a communist movement in the U.S.

Question 21

President Truman's loyalty program

A)won the support of Joseph McCarthy.
B)proved that the domestic communist conspiracy was a serious threat to U.S. security.
C)was criticized by both the political far left and the far right.
D)resulted in a lower divorce rate in the U.S.
E)revived support for labor unions.

Question 22

The baby boom generation was

A)born between 1946 and 1964.
B)associated with the rise of suburbia.
C)was a unique social and cultural force.
D)the name given to the 75 million babies born in the decades after the war.
E)All of these choices.

Question 23

The U.S. anti-Communist crusade caused the federal government to

A)reduce U.S. military spending.
B)support corrupt, oppressive, racist governments in other countries.
C)encourage freedom of speech and conscience at home and abroad.
D)lose interest in U.S. holdings in the Pacific.
E)retreat into an isolationist stance.

Question 24

The "Dixiecrats" were officially called the

A)Southern Democratic Party.
B)Party of Dixie.
C)Democratic Rights Party.
D)States' Rights Democratic Party.
E)White Supremacy Party.

Question 25

The Central Intelligence Agency was formed to

A)spy on enemies during World War II.
B)infiltrate suspicious organizations within the United States.
C)gather information about communist threats and participate in covert activities outside the U.S.
D)deal with uprisings in U.S.-held territories.​
E)All of these choices.​

Question 26

In the post war years commitment to "national security" served to

A)expand the power of the Supreme Court.
B)extend congressional involvement in foreign affairs.
C)expand personal liberties and freedom for Americans.
D)spread democracy throughout the world.
E)extend the power of the executive branch of government

Question 27

Democrats in Congress considered President Truman's anticommunism efforts as being

A)too strong.
B)too limited.
C)a violation of civil liberties.
D)just what the nation needed.
E)Constitution. too focused on Europe.​

Question 28

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A)accused Richard Nixon and John Wayne of spying for the Communists.
B)proved that the labor movement was loyal and procapitalist.
C)helped capture and convict some of the most dangerous Soviet spies in the United States.
D)destroyed the careers of hundreds of TV and movie workers.
E)identified those who worked for the Nazi Party in the U.S.

Question 29

The Kinsey Report published in 1948

A)was a study of the major educational institutions in the United States.
B)exposed thousands of communists who worked for the State Department.
C)called for racial equality.
D)found that 30 percent of FBI agents were psychotic.
E)asserted that homosexuality was normal and should be tolerated.

Question 30

Which of the following is not a true statement about Joseph McCarthy?​

A)He was a Wisconsin senator.​
B)He rose to fame by claiming to know of hundreds of communists working in the government.​
C)He brought Alger Hiss to trial.​
D)Many influential people supported and encouraged him.​
E)He was famous for sensationalism and attack politics.​

Question 31

Alger Hiss was charged with

A)espionage.
B)murder.
C)sexual misconduct.
D)perjury.
E)theft.

Question 32

Anticommunism was used to

A)strengthen support for labor unions.
B)weaken labor unions.
C)integrate labor unions.
D)convince labor leaders to vote Republican.
E)extend the right to unionize to women workers.

Question 33

In the presidential campaign of 1948, candidate Henry Wallace criticized President Truman for

A)his militant containment policies toward the Soviet Union.
B)his plans to integrate the military.
C)failing to win the war in Korea.
D)losing China to communism.
E)being a communist.

Question 34

The Mattachine Society

A)opposed communist infiltration of government offices.
B)advocated equal rights for gays.
C)defended actors and writers accused of being communists.
D)called for racial equality.
E)supported women's rights.

Question 35

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A)established a European free-trade zone.
B)continued the traditional U.S. policy of nonentanglement.
C)delivered economic aid to the Soviet Union.
D)called for preemptive wars against likely aggressors.
E)considered an attack on one member nation an attack on all members.

Question 36

Truman responded to the Berlin blockade by

A)closing all land routes into West Berlin.
B)arresting the Soviet ambassador to the United States.
C)airlifting tons of supplies to the city.
D)pulling all Americans out of Berlin.
E)attacking the Soviet Union.

Question 37

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) expelled 13 member organizations because of​

A)their refusal to accept a CIO-negotiated contracted.​
B)the requirements of the Taft-Hartley Act.​
C)anticommunism.
D)their resistance to black members.​
E)pressure from the Truman White House.​

Question 38

All of the following were characteristics of the suburbs except they

A)offered privacy, playgrounds, and built-in appliances
B)increased property ownership and symbolized the crusade against communism
C)served as model communities for racial integration.
D)benefited from federal loan policies and tax breaks
E)represented an optimistic spirit and confidence in the future.

Question 39

The U.S.-backed government of Syngman Rhee in South Korea was

A)a communist regime.
B)a democratic government.
C)an autocratic government.
D)a theocratic state.
E)a Nazi regime.

Question 40

In the post-war years, in South Africa the U.S. supported

A)a democratic government.
B)a white supremacist government that enforced strict subordination of blacks.
C)a leftist regime.
D)reinstitution of colonialism.
E)a communist government.

Question 41

The Fair Deal's housing programs made absolutely no gains.

Question 42

Richard Nixon saw his star rise as a politician with the prosecution of Alger Hiss.

Question 43

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were America's only atomic spies.

Question 44

In 1948 the newly created CIA used covert action to undermine the Italian communist party.

Question 45

In the election of 1948, Harry Truman was helped by voters loyal to the memory of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.

Question 46

A major turning point of the Korean War was General MacArthur's stunning amphibious assault at Inchon.

Question 47

Revisionist historians assert that most World War II Soviet expansion was essentially defensive not offensive.

Question 48

The Lavender Scare and Red Scare went hand-in-hand.

Question 49

Truman's Fair Deal attempted to regulate farm prices.

Question 50

Truman's greatest accomplishment regarding civil rights was the order to desegregate the military.

Question 51

The U.S. initial involvement in the Korean War was the direct result of Chinese troop movements southward.

Question 52

The "Truman Doctrine" called for the United States to aid those nations that were resisting internal "subversion."

Question 53

Ohio Senator Robert Taft was the leading supporter of NATO.

Question 54

In the campaign of 1952, General Eisenhower was perceived as a far right candidate.

Question 55

The Soviets were not frightened by the atomic bomb.

Question 56

In 1952 Dwight Eisenhower won a narrow electoral victory.

Question 57

MacArthur and Truman were in complete agreement regarding Korea.

Question 58

In 1948, under pressure from civil rights organizations, President Eisenhower issued an executive order that desegregated the armed forces.

Question 59

Private lenders denied credit to nonwhites seeking loans for suburban housing.

Question 60

When Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball, he was strongly supported by his fellow players.

Question 61

Chief executive officers of movie studios bravely defended actors and writers against charges that they were communist sympathizers.

Question 62

Many historians now believe that Alger Hiss did pass along information to the Soviets in the 1930s and 1940s.

Question 63

The FBI maintained files on many civil-rights activists, artists and intellectuals who held left-leaning political ideas.

Question 64

During the Cold War homosexuality was connected with communist subversion and thus depicted as a threat to national security.

Question 65

During the Cold War labor unions were suspected of being pro-communist.

Question 66

In the late 1940s, the Supreme Court began to chip away at the separate-but-equal principle.

Question 67

Direct military aid to Latin American governments began in 1950 as part of Truman's containment initiatives.

Question 68

Douglas MacArthur was relieved of command because of incompetence.

Question 69

The Hollywood Ten avoided jail time by naming other Communists in the entertainment industry.

Question 70

The McCarran-Walter Internal Security Act authorized the deportation detention of alleged subversives in the name of national security.

Question 71

In Westminster School District v. Mendez, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in state-funded graduate and law schools was unconstitutional.

Question 72

Harry Truman vetoed the McCarran-Walter Act but Congress overrode his veto.

Question 73

During the Cold War the War Department became the Department of Defense.

Question 74

The leader of the Screen Actors Guild who was also a secret informer for the FBI (known as agent T- 10) was ____________________.

Question 75

The wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union was merely a marriage of convenience.

Question 76

Alger Hiss was convicted of espionage.

Question 77

The congressional bill that severely limited a union's right to strike and conduct boycotts was the ____________________.

Question 78

Harry Truman never believed he could work out a deal with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin.

Question 79

A planned protest by union leader A. Philip Randolph pushed President Truman to sign an order desegregating the military.

Question 80

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were acquitted of charges that they spied for the Soviet Union.