Deck 1: Culture and Ethnography

Question 1

The way the !Kung treated Richard Lee's gift of a Christmas ox reveals how much they value

A) male dominance.
B) family solidarity.
C) identification with nature.
D) equality.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The view that all people see and understand the world in the same way is called

A) naive realism.
B) culture shock.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) detached observation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which one of the following is an observation that Sterk makes in "Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS" about "gatekeepers"- They

A) are not a vital part of fieldwork.
B) are important in gaining initial access to a scene.
C) may become more important to a study as time goes on.
D) tend to be individuals who exist on the periphery of a scene.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Spradley,the belief that people everywhere interpret the world in the same way is called

A) naive realism.
B) cultural behavior.
C) explicit culture.
D) tacit culture.

Question 5

The belief and feeling that one's own culture is best is called

A) cultural relativism.
B) naive realism.
C) detached observation.
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 6

When they do ethnographic fieldwork,anthropologists interview

A) objects.
B) subjects.
C) informants.
D) participants.

Question 7

According to Lee,when a !Kung hunter kills a large animal,he is likely to tell others

A) "I have killed a large giraffe."
B) "I have killed a big one in the bush."
C) "I am no good for hunting. I saw nothing at all…just a little tiny one."
D) "A giraffe happened to step in front of my flying arrow."

Question 8

The cross-cultural misunderstanding experienced between Lee and the !Kung occurred over

A) the cultural meaning of the gift of an ox.
B) the way Lee gave them the ox.
C) the cultural meaning of oxen.
D) the poor condition of the ox.

Question 9

Sir Edward Burnett Tylor is known for his early definition of

A) ethnography.
B) culture.
C) naive realism.
D) culture shock.

Question 10

According to Spradley,the actions generated by cultural knowledge are called

A) cultural behavior.
B) cultural generation.
C) cultural artifacts.
D) explicit culture.

Question 11

The idea that human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings they have for them is a tenet of

A) naive realism.
B) explicit culture.
C) tacit culture.
D) symbolic interactionism.

Question 12

Three of the following statements made by Sterk in "Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS" are true.Which one is not-

A) It is wise to watch out for self-appointed "gatekeepers."
B) The best way to gain rapport is to show interest in informants and do things for them.
C) Talking with informants in groups often inhibits ethnographic discovery.
D) It is best to give informants some control over the interview.

Question 13

Lee acquired the ox he intended to slaughter for the !Kung Christmas feast

A) from Herero pastoralists living nearby.
B) from a South African cattle rancher.
C) by catching it in the wild.
D) from a friend.

Question 14

!Kung expressed disappointment with the ox Lee gave them for the Christmas feast because

A) the animal was too thin and old.
B) this was their way to "cool" a giver's potential arrogance.
C) the animal came from an outsider.
D) they were afraid that Lee would take the animal back if they showed approval.

Question 15

According to Spradley,culture,itself,is a kind of

A) behavior.
B) artifact.
C) knowledge.
D) ideal system.

Question 16

According to Lee,a !Kung hunter

A) eats all of a kill himself.
B) shares game only with his own family.
C) gives all the meat from an animal he has killed to the man who made the arrow he used.
D) shares what he kills with others and expects them to reciprocate.

Question 17

According to Spradley,the term "ethnography" refers to

A) the discovery and description of the culture of a particular group.
B) the statistical testing of hypotheses in the field, using survey questionnaires.
C) the discovery of ethnic subgroups within complex societies.
D) the process of cross?cultural classification, comparison, and explanation.

Question 18

According to Sterk,about __________ percent of the prostitutes she interviewed were not drug addicts.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 15

Question 19

Which of the following is the best example of an action based on a tacit cultural rule for members of U.S.society-

A) chewing with one's mouth closed
B) driving on the right side of the street
C) giving your father "his" chair in front of the family television
D) moving to the opposite side of an elevator when there is only one other person in it

Question 20

The process of discovering and describing a particular culture is called

A) interviewing.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) participant observation.
D) ethnography.

Question 21

On the basis of his student's negative experience in a Barbadian village,Gmelch concludes in "Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas" that

A) it is difficult for U.S. women to find acceptance in Barbadian communities because people there think they are morally "loose."
B) American students unconsciously look down on Barbadians and are unable to hide their sense of superiority.
C) a great barrier to student research in places like Barbados is that local people view students as tourists.
D) U.S. students assume that Barbadian communities are homogeneous and fail to appreciate the social dynamics found in small face-to-face communities.

Question 22

According to Gmelch in "Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas," orthodox Rastafarians are

A) part of a religious sect whose members go without clothes and subsist off the land
B) part of a Muslim sect found largely on Caribbean islands.
C) a sub group practicing voodoo religious rights.
D) a monastic group that is based on a North African religious tradition.

Question 23

According to Gmelch in "Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas," people living in the rural Barbadian community where his study abroad student,Hanna,was doing research believed that

A) Rastafarians had taken vows of celibacy and young women should not talk to them.
B) Rastafarians were low class because their ancestors had come from Africa.
C) Rastafarians were lazy, pot smoking people who stole things and bathed naked.
D) Rastafarians were members of a religion that revered Islam, not Christianity.

Question 24

In "Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS," Sterk found that in-depth interviews

A) worked best if she had asked a list of carefully prepared questions.
B) worked best if held in private.
C) yielded little in-depth information.
D) were the most stressful part of fieldwork.

Question 25

In "Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS," when Sterk first tried to make contact with prostitutes on the street,they

A) became angry and tried to drive her away with threats.
B) largely ignored her.
C) called their pimps on cell phones causing their pimps to threaten her.
D) welcomed her warmly because she was interested in their lives.

Question 26

In "Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas," Gmelch notes that American students often behave according to a principle called personal autonomy when they live among people in other societies.This means that

A) if they see what they believe is "truth," they can act without concern for what others think.
B) they should be able to have their own private space in which to live.
C) they can feel free to criticize local people.
D) if they don't like a local custom, they can ignore it.

Question 27

According to Gmelch in "Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas," the first thing he did after his student,Hanna,told him she was being shunned by the Barbadian villagers where she was doing her research was to

A) find and talk to the Rastafarians she had been seen with.
B) meet with local elders to discover their views on the problem.
C) explain to her homestay mother that Hanna meant no harm.
D) pull Hanna out of the village so she could work in a more receptive community.

Question 28

According to Gmelch's article,"Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas," when his students do fieldwork in rural Barbadian communities

A) they fail to recognize that such communities are homogeneous.
B) they ignore the fact that class distinctions may be present in such communities.
C) they should expect to be looked down on by villagers.
D) they will be embraced warmly by the villagers.

Question 29

Which one of the following is a conclusion that Sterk reached in "Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS" about prostitutes and
Prostitution based on her field study-

A) Although the media portrays men as violent toward prostitutes, most are not.
B) Many women are able to leave their life of prostitution behind without any consequences.
C) Although police and health professionals insist that prostitutes are drug addicts, most are not.
D) First experiences as prostitutes often involve alienation from people outside the life.

Question 30

According to Gmelch in "Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas," Barbadian villagers shunned his U.S.study abroad student because she

A) had sexual relations with a Rastafarian named Joseph.
B) gave Joseph some of the fruit growing on her homestay mother's tree.
C) lived for a time with Joseph in his hillside cave.
D) was seen talking to and leaving the village with Joseph.